Kuyini iHypoxemia?

-Delile

• I-Hypoxia vs. hypoxemia
• Izinhlobo
• Ukungahambi kahle komoya / perfusion (V / Q)
• Shunt
• Ukukhubazeka kwesisindo
• I-Hypoventilation
• I-oxygen ephansi yemvelo
• Izimbangela
• I-Hypoxemia ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa
• Izimpawu
• Ukuxilongwa
• Ukwelashwa
• Izinkinga
• Ukubonana nodokotela nini
• Okubalulekile

Igazi lakho lihambisa umoya-mpilo ezithweni nasezicutshini zomzimba wakho. I-Hypoxemia kulapho unamazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo egazini lakho.

I-Hypoxemia ingadalwa yizimo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-asthma, i-pneumonia, kanye ne-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Kuyisimo esibucayi sezokwelapha futhi sidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi nge-hypoxemia, ukuthi ibangelwa yini, nokuthi ilashwa kanjani.

I-Hypoxia vs. hypoxemia

I-Hypoxia ne-hypoxemia kubhekisa ezintweni ezimbili ezihlukene. Ngenkathi i-hypoxemia ibhekisa emazingeni aphansi e-oxygen egazini lakho, i-hypoxia ibhekisa emazingeni aphansi e-oksijini ezicutshini zomzimba wakho.

Lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka, kepha hhayi njalo, kwenzeka ndawonye.

Ngokuvamile, ukuba khona kwe-hypoxemia kusikisela i-hypoxia. Lokhu kunengqondo ngoba uma amazinga e-oksijeni ephansi egazini lakho, izicubu zomzimba wakho kungenzeka nokuthi azitholi i-oxygen eyanele.

Izinhlobo

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-hypoxemia, futhi uhlobo luye kuncike ekusebenzeni lapho amazinga we-oxygen egazi ehliswa.

Ukungahambi kahle komoya / perfusion (V / Q)

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-hypoxemia. Ukuphefumula kubhekisele ekunikezelweni komoya-mpilo emaphashini, kanti ukumuncwa kubhekisele ekunikezelweni kwegazi emaphashini.

Ukuphefumula kanye ne-perfusion kukalwa ngesilinganiso, esibizwa nge-V / Q ratio. Ngokuvamile, kunesilinganiso esincane sokungafani kahle kulesi silinganiso, kodwa-ke uma ukungahambi kahle kuba kukhulu kakhulu, izinkinga zingenzeka.

Kunezimbangela ezimbili zokungafani kahle kwe-ventilation perfusion:

1. Amaphaphu athola umoya-mpilo owenele, kepha akukho ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele (ukwanda kwesilinganiso se-V / Q).
2. Kukhona ukugeleza kwegazi okuya emaphashini, kepha i-oxygen ayanele (kwehle isilinganiso se-V / Q).

Shunt

Imvamisa, igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lingena ohlangothini lokunene lwenhliziyo, lihambele emaphashini liyokwamukela umoya-mpilo, bese liya ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo ukuze lusatshalaliswe kuwo wonke umzimba.

Kulolu hlobo lwe-hypoxemia, igazi lingena ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo ngaphandle komoya-mpilo emaphashini.

Ukukhubazeka kwesisindo

Lapho umoya-mpilo ungena emaphashini, ugcwalisa amasaka amancane abizwa ngokuthi i-alveoli. Imithambo yegazi emincane ebizwa ngokuthi ama-capillaries izungeze i-alveoli. I-oksijeni iyahluka kusuka ku-alveoli iye egazini eligijima kuma-capillaries.

Kulolu hlobo lwe-hypoxemia, ukusakazeka komoya-mpilo egazini kuphazamisekile.

I-Hypoventilation

I-Hypoventilation kulapho ukungena kwe-oxygen kwenzeka kancane. Lokhu kungaholela emazingeni aphezulu e-carbon dioxide egazini nasemazingeni aphansi e-oxygen.

I-oxygen ephansi yemvelo

Lolu hlobo lwe-hypoxemia luvame ukwenzeka ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. I-oksijeni etholakalayo emoyeni iyancipha ngokukhuphuka okuphakeme.

Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni eziphakemeyo umoya ngamunye ukukunikeza amazinga aphansi e-oxygen kunalapho usezingeni lolwandle.

Izimbangela

Kunezimo eziningi ezingadala i-hypoxemia. Lokhu kungafaka:

• isifo sokuphefumula esibucayi (i-ARDS)
• i-anemia
• isifuba somoya
• ihlule legazi emaphashini (embolism pulmonary embolism)
• iphaphu eliwile
• ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa noma isifo
• I-COPD
• uketshezi emaphashini (i-edema yamaphaphu)
• izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu
• isifo samaphaphu esiphakathi
• imithi eyehlisa izinga lokuphefumula, njengamanye ama-narcotic kanye ne-anesthetics
• inyumoniya
• izibazi emaphashini (pulmonary fibrosis)
• ukulala ubuthongo

Izimo ezahlukahlukene zingadala i-hypoxemia ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ake sibheke izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• I-COPD yisimo esingelapheki lapho kuthinteka khona ukugeleza komoya emaphashini. Ukubhujiswa kwezindonga ze-alveoli nama-capillaries azungezile ku-COPD kungaholela ezinkingeni ngokushintshaniswa komoya-mpilo, okungaholela ku-hypoxemia.

• Ukushoda kwegazi yisimo lapho kungekho khona amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anele ukuphatha ngempumelelo umoya-mpilo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu one-anemia angaba namazinga aphansi e-oxygen egazini lakhe.

Ngokwengeziwe, i-hypoxemia ingaba uphawu lwesinye isimo njengokuhluleka ukuphefumula.

Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula kwenzeka lapho i-oxygen enganele idlula isuka emaphashini yakho iye egazini lakho. Ngakho-ke, amazinga e-oxygen ephansi egazi angaba yinkomba yokwehluleka kokuphefumula.

I-Hypoxemia ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa

I-Hypoxemia kwesinye isikhathi ingavela ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa ezinokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo noma isifo. Eqinisweni, ukukala amazinga e-oksijini egazini kusetshenziselwa izinsana ukuthola ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo ezelwe.

Izinsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi nazo zisengozini ye-hypoxemia, ikakhulukazi uma zibekwe kumshini wokuphefumula.

Izimpawu

Umuntu one-hypoxemia angathola lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukukhwehlela noma ukuphefumula
• ikhanda
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• ukuzizwa udidekile noma udidekile
• umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esikhumbeni, ezindebeni, nakumazipho eminwe

Ukuxilongwa

Ukuze uhlolisise i-hypoxemia, udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba lapho bezobheka inhliziyo yakho namaphaphu. Bangase futhi bahlole umbala wesikhumba sakho, izinzipho, noma izindebe.

Kunokuhlolwa okwengeziwe abangakwenza ukuhlola amazinga akho womoya-mpilo nokuphefumula. Lokhu kungafaka:

• I-Pulse oximetry, esebenzisa inzwa ebekwe emunweni wakho ukukala amazinga e-oxygen egazini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegesi emithanjeni yegazi, esebenzisa inaliti ukudweba isampula segazi emthanjeni ukukala amazinga e-oxygen egazini.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuphefumula, okungahlola ukuphefumula kwakho ngomshini noma ngokuphefumulela kushubhu.

Ukwelashwa

Njengoba i-hypoxemia ifaka amazinga aphansi e-oksijeni egazini, inhloso yokwelashwa ukuzama ukukhuphula amazinga e-oxygen egazini abuyele kokujwayelekile.

Ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen kungasetshenziswa ukwelapha i-hypoxemia. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukusebenzisa imaski ye-oksijini noma ishubhu encane enqanyulwe ekhaleni lakho ukuthola i-oxygen eyengeziwe.

I-Hypoxemia nayo ingadalwa yisimo esingaphansi kwesifuba somoya noma i-pneumonia. Uma isimo esiyisisekelo sibangela i-hypoxemia yakho, udokotela wakho uzosebenza ukwelapha leso simo futhi.

Izinkinga

Izitho nezicubu zomzimba wakho zidinga umoya-mpilo ukuze zisebenze kahle.

Ukulimala kungenzeka kwizitho ezibalulekile ezifana nenhliziyo nobuchopho lapho kungekho i-oxygen eyanele. I-Hypoxemia ingabulala uma ingalashwa.

Ukubonana nodokotela nini

Kufanele njalo ufune usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha uma ukuphefumula okuncane kuvela ngokungazelelwe futhi kuthinte amandla akho okusebenza.

Kwezinye izimo, ukuphelelwa umoya kukodwa kusengakufakazela ukuvakashelwa udokotela. Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi wenza isikhathi sokubonana nodokotela wakho ukuze uxoxe ngazo:

• ukuphefumula okwenzeka ngomsebenzi omncane noma lapho uphumule
• ukuphefumula okuncane okwenzeka ngokuzivocavoca umzimba bese kuba kubi kakhulu
• ukuvuka ngokuzumayo ebuthongweni nokuphefumula okuncane

Okubalulekile

I-Hypoxemia kulapho unamazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo egazini lakho. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-hypoxemia futhi izimo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zingayibangela.

I-Hypoxemia yisimo esibi futhi ingaholela ekulimaleni kwesitho noma ngisho nasekufeni uma ishiywe ingalashwa.

Kufanele njalo ufune usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha uma unomoya omfushane owenzeka ngokungazelelwe futhi uthinte amandla akho okusebenza.