I-Immunoglobulin A (IgA): iyini nokuthi isho ukuthini uma iphakeme

-Delile

• Yini i-IgA ye
• Yini engaba yi-IgA ephezulu
• Yini engaba yi-IgA ephansi

I-Immunoglobulin A, eyaziwa kakhulu njenge-IgA, yiprotheni etholakala ngobuningi ezinhlakeni zomlomo, ikakhulukazi esikhaleni sokuphefumula nesamathumbu, ngaphezu kokutholakala obisini lwebele, olungadluliselwa enganeni ngesikhathi sokuncelisa nokukhuthaza ukukhula amasosha omzimba.

Le immunoglobulin inomsebenzi oyinhloko wokuvikela umzimba ngakho-ke, uma isezingeni eliphansi, ingavuna ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo, okumele zikhonjwe futhi ziphathwe ngokuyalelwa ngudokotela.

Yini i-IgA ye

Umsebenzi omkhulu we-IgA ukuvikela umzimba ezifweni futhi ekuqaleni ungakuthola ngokuncelisa, lapho ama-immunoglobulin omama adluliselwa enganeni. Le phrotheni ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili ngokuya ngendawo nezici zayo, futhi ingaba nemisebenzi ehlukile ebalulekile ekuvikeleni umzimba:

• IgA 1, etholakala ikakhulukazi ku-serum futhi inesibopho sokuvikelwa komzimba, ngoba iyakwazi ukunciphisa ubuthi noma ezinye izinto ezikhiqizwa ngama-microorganisms ahlaselayo;
• IgA 2, etholakala kulwelwesi lwamafinyila futhi etholakala ihlotshaniswa nengxenye eyimfihlo. Lolu hlobo lwe-IgA luyamelana namaprotheni amaningi akhiqizwa amabhaktheriya anesibopho sokucekelwa phansi kwamaseli omzimba futhi, ngakho-ke, ahambelana nolayini wokuqala wokuzivikela kumakhemikhali athathelanayo angena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi lwamafinyila.

I-Immunoglobulin A ingatholakala ngezinyembezi, amathe nangobisi lwebele, ngaphezu kokuba khona ezinhlelweni zokuzala, ukugaya kanye nokuphefumula, ukuvikela lezi zinhlelo ekulweni nezifo.

Bona futhi ukuthi amasosha omzimba asebenza kanjani.

Yini engaba yi-IgA ephezulu

Ukwanda kwe-IgA kungenzeka lapho kuba nezinguquko kulwelwesi lwamafinyila, ikakhulukazi kulwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye nokuphefumula, ngoba le immunoglobulin itholakala ikakhulu kuleyo ndawo. Ngakho-ke, inani le-IgA lingahle likhuphuke uma kwenzeka izifo zokuphefumula noma zamathumbu kanye nesibindi sokuqina kwesibindi, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphezu kwalokho kungahle kube nezinguquko uma kungenzeka ukutheleleka esikhunjeni noma ezinso.

Kubalulekile ukuthi kwenziwe ezinye izivivinyo ukukhomba imbangela ye-IgA ephezulu futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ukwelashwa okufanelekile kakhulu kungaqalwa.

Yini engaba yi-IgA ephansi

Ukwehla kwenani lokujikeleza kwe-IgA imvamisa kuyizakhi zofuzo futhi akuholeli ekwakhiweni kwezimpawu ezihlobene nalolu shintsho, kuthathwa njengokushoda lapho ukugxila kwale immunoglobulin kungaphansi kuka-5 mg / dL egazini.

Kodwa-ke, inani eliphansi lale immunoglobulin ejikelezayo emzimbeni lingavumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo, ngoba ulwelwesi lwamafinyila aluvikelekile. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokuncishiswa ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo, ukuntuleka kwe-IgA nakho kungaba khona uma kwenzeka:

• Izinguquko zomzimba;
• Isifuba Somoya;
• Ukungezwani komzimba nokuphefumula;
• I-cystic fibrosis;
• Umdlavuza wegazi;
• Uhudo olungamahlalakhona;
• Isifo se-Malabsorption;
• Izinsana ezine-rubella;
• Abantu asebethathwe ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo;
• Izingane ezitheleleke ngegciwane le-Epstein-Barr.

Imvamisa, lapho kwehla i-IgA, umzimba uzama ukukhokhela lokhu kwehla ngokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-IgM ne-IgG ukuze ulwe nalesi sifo futhi ugcine umzimba uvikelekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi, ngaphezu kwezilinganiso ze-IgA, i-IgM ne-IgG, kwenziwa izivivinyo ezithile ukuze kutholakale imbangela yalolu shintsho, ngaleyo ndlela, kuqale ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu. Funda kabanzi nge-IgM ne-IgG.