Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu: kuyini, izimbangela eziyinhloko nezinhlobo

-Delile

• Izimbangela zokutheleleka kwamaphaphu
• Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokutheleleka kwamaphaphu
• 1. Inyumoniya
• 2. I-bronchitis
• 3. I-bronchiolitis
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Yelashwa kanjani

Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu, okubizwa nangokuthi ukutheleleka okuphansi kokuphefumula, kwenzeka lapho uhlobo oluthile lwefungus, igciwane noma amabhaktheriya ekwazi ukwanda emaphashini, kudale ukuvuvukala futhi kuholele ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu ezithile ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ukukhwehlela nokuphefumula kanzima, ngokwesibonelo. Ngokuya ngesiza esithintekile emaphashini nasezimpawu, ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu kungahlukaniswa kube izinhlobo eziningana, ezivame kakhulu kuzo inyumoniya, i-bronchitis ne-bronchiolitis.

Noma nini lapho kuba nokusola kokutheleleka emaphashini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxhumana nodokotela wamaphaphu, udokotela ojwayelekile, udokotela wezingane noma ukuya esikhungweni sezempilo noma kwiyunithi yezimo eziphuthumayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuqala ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu, okungabandakanya sebenzisa ama-antibiotics, ukuhlala esibhedlela noma ukuphumula nje. Bheka izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokutheleleka kwamaphaphu.

Izimbangela zokutheleleka kwamaphaphu

Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu kungabangelwa isikhunta, amagciwane kanye namagciwane angangena emzimbeni ngokuhogela amathonsi okuphefumula akhishwa ngesikhathi sokukhwehlela, ukuthimula noma ukukhuluma kubantu abangenwe yilezi zinambuzane.

Isikhunta sitholakala ngokwemvelo simisiwe emoyeni futhi sijwayele ukufiseleka emzimbeni, kepha-ke akuvamile ukuthi siholele ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu nezimpawu kanye nokuthuthuka kwezifo, ngoba zingalwa kalula nomzimba uqobo. Kodwa-ke, lapho amasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka ngenxa yokugula noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, kungahle kube nokuthuthuka kwezifo zokuphefumula ezibangelwa isikhunta.

Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu kwenzeka kaningi ngenxa yamagciwane, njenge I-Streptococcus pneumoniae futhi I-Bordetella pertussis, nezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane, futhi kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela yokwelashwa okufanele.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokutheleleka kwamaphaphu

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokutheleleka emaphashini, ezingaba nezimbangela ezahlukahlukene:

1. Inyumoniya

I-pneumonia yenzeka lapho kunokuvuvukala kwe-parenchyma yamaphaphu, okuwudonga lwephaphu olubhekele ukushintshanisa i-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zalolu hlobo lokutheleleka ngamagciwane ohlobo IStreptococcus pneumoniae, iHaemophilus influenzae neMycoplasma pneumoniae, kanye namagciwane, njengomkhuhlane.

Lapho i-pneumonia iqala, izimpawu zakudala kakhulu umkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-38ºC, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, ukukhwehlela, ubuhlungu besifuba kanye ne-phlegm eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma enegazi. Funda kabanzi mayelana nenyumoniya nokuthi uyelapha kanjani.

2. I-bronchitis

I-bronchitis ukuvuvukala kwe-bronchi, okuyiziteshi ezithola umoya emaphashini. Isizathu esivame kakhulu salolu hlobo lokutheleleka yigciwane lomkhuhlane, kepha kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yokutheleleka ngamagciwane afana nalawa I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae, I-Chlamydia pneumoniae noma I-Bordetella pertussis.

Ku-bronchitis, imfiva ayihlali ikhona njalo futhi i-phlegm imhlophe noma iphuzi. Ezinye izimpawu zifaka imisindo lapho uphefumula, ukukhwehlela njalo nokukhathala. Bona ezinye izimpawu ze-bronchitis.

3. I-bronchiolitis

I-bronchiolitis ivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala, ebonakala ngokuvuvukala kwama-bronchioles, okuyiziteshi ezincanyana ohlelweni lokuphefumula futhi ethola umoya ovela kubronchi. Imbangela enkulu yalokhu kutheleleka ngamagciwane, ikakhulukazi igciwane lokuphefumula le-syncytial.

Izimpawu ezingaholela ekusoleni kwe-bronchiolitis zibandakanya ukushaywa umoya lapho uphefumula, ukuphefumula ngokushesha, ukuvula ikhala lapho uphefumula nokukhuphuka kokucasuka nokukhathala. Bheka ukuthi ungayibona kanjani futhi uyelaphe kanjani i-bronchiolitis.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kokutheleleka kwamaphaphu, kunconywa ukuthi uthintane nodokotela wamaphaphu ukuze enze ukuhlolwa komzimba, ngaphezu kwezivivinyo ezihambisanayo, njengegazi nesifuba i-X-ray, ngokwesibonelo.

Ngemuva kokwenza ukuxilongwa, kuqala ukwelashwa, kepha kubalulekile ukuthola i-causative agent yokutheleleka ukuze wamukele indlela yokwelashwa engcono kakhulu, futhi lokhu kungafinyelelwa ngokuhlaziywa kwesikhwehlela okuncane.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka kwamaphaphu kwenziwa ngemithi esebenza ngqo ngokumelene ne-causative agent, njengama-antibiotics, ama-antifungal noma ama-antivirals, isibonelo. Ungasebenzisa futhi imithi yezinhlungu futhi wehlise imfiva yakho.

Ukwengeza ukwelashwa, udokotela futhi angancoma i-physiotherapy yokuphefumula, eyenziwa ngokuzivocavoca kokuphefumula namadivayisi amancane avumela ukuqedwa kwamaphaphu, okuletha ukukhululeka ezimpawu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okunempilo kanye ne-hydration enhle nakho kubalulekile esikhathini sokululama nangesikhathi sokwelashwa kokutheleleka kwamaphaphu.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, lapho kungekho khona ukuthuthuka ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa, noma lapho umuntu enesifo sokuzivikela komzimba esenza amasosha omzimba abe ntekenteke ngokwengeziwe, kungadingeka ukuthi angeniswe esibhedlela.