Umalaleveva: yini, umjikelezo, ukuhanjiswa nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ukudluliswa kwenzeka kanjani
• Umjikelezo wokutheleleka nge-Malaria
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Ungazivikela kanjani

Umalaleveva yisifo esithathelwanayo esidluliselwa ngokulunywa umiyane wesifazane Anopheles ungenwe yi-protozoan yohlobo IPlasmodium, ngokuba uhlobo oluvame kakhulu eBrazil I-Plasmodium vivax yi- I-Plasmodium malariae. Ngenxa yokuthi idluliswa ukulunywa umiyane, indlela engcono yokuvimbela umalaleveva iqukethe izindlela zokuvimbela ukulunywa, ngokusebenzisa izinto zokuxosha nokuvikela amawindi ngokusebenzisa izikrini.

Kanye emzimbeni womuntu othintekile, i IPlasmodium iya esibindini, lapho iphindaphindeka khona bese ifinyelela egazini, lapho ingena khona iphule amaseli abomvu egazi, idale izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukujuluka, ukugodola, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ikhanda elibuhlungu nokuba buthakathaka.

Umalaleveva uyelapheka, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ukwelashwa kuqalwe ngokushesha, ngoba ezimweni eziningi lesi sifo singaba nzima, sibe ne-anemia, sinciphise amaplatelets, ukwehluleka kwezinso noma ngisho nokukhubazeka kobuchopho, lapho amathuba okuba nezinkinga nokufa makhulu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu zokuqala zikamalaleveva zivame ukuvela phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-8 kuye kwezingu-14 ngemuva kokudluliswa, futhi zingathatha izinsuku ezingama-30 noma ngaphezulu. Ukuvela kwezimpawu kuncike ezintweni ezihlobene ne- IPlasmodium, njengezinga lokuphindaphindeka nezinhlobo, nezinto ezihlobene nomuntu, njengesistimu yomzimba, ikakhulukazi. Izimpawu nezimpawu ezivame kakhulu zikamalaleveva yilezi:

• Imfiva, engafika idlule ngemijikelezo;
• Ukujuluka nokubanda;
• Ikhanda elinamandla;
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha emzimbeni wonke;
• Ubuthakathaka nokukhathala okungapheli;
• Isikhumba neso eliphuzi.

Iningi lalezi zimpawu kanye nezimpawu kungaba nzima ukuzibona njengemalaleveva, ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka, kubalulekile ukuya kudokotela ukuyoxilonga lesi sifo bese uqala ukwelashwa okufanele, ikakhulukazi uma usendaweni lapho umalaleveva ujwayelekile, njengoba esifundeni sase-Amazon nase-Afrika.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zimpawu nezimpawu zingavela kumjikelezo, okungukuthi, zivele njalo emahoreni angama-48 noma emahoreni angama-72, kuya ngohlobo lwe IPlasmodium lokho kuthelela umzimba.Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yomjikelezo wempilo yabo, njengoba ikhula ifinyelela egazini futhi ibangele izimpawu ezibangelwa ukubhujiswa kwamaseli abomvu egazi.

Isimo esibucayi kakhulu sikamalaleveva senzeka lapho ukutheleleka kubeka engcupheni ubuchopho, kubangele ikhanda, ukuqina kwentamo, ukuqubuka, ukozela nekhoma. Ezinye izinkinga zibandakanya i-anemia, amaplatelets ancishisiwe, ukwehluleka kwezinso nokuhluleka ukuphefumula. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu ze-malaria kanye ne-malaria yobuchopho.

Ukudluliswa kwenzeka kanjani

Ukudluliswa kukamalaleveva kwenzeka ngokulunywa umiyane wesifazane Anopheles othelelekile, owathola lesi silwanyana uma eluma umuntu onalesi sifo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umalaleveva awuthelelani, okungukuthi, awudluliseli usuka komunye umuntu uye komunye, ngaphandle kwezimo ezingandile kakhulu zokwabelana ngemijovo nezinaliti ezinegciwane, ukumpontshelwa okungalawulwa kahle kanye / noma ukubeletha.

Imvamisa, umiyane uluma abantu ngesikhathi sokuhlwa noma kusihlwa. Izindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu bokungcola yiNingizimu Melika, iMelika Ephakathi, i-Afrika kanye nengxenye ye-Asia, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamanzi ahlanzekile anamanzi amancane, umswakama namazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-20º no-30ºC. EBrazil, izifundazwe ezithinteka kakhulu nge-malaria yi-Amazonas, Roraima, Acre, Tocantins, Pará, Amapá, Mato Grosso, Maranhão naseRondônia.

Umjikelezo wokutheleleka nge-Malaria

Umjikelezo wamagciwane IPlasmodium emzimbeni womuntu kwenzeka kanjena:

1. Ukulunywa umiyane wesifazane Anopheles idlulisa, ngamathe ayo, i- IPlasmodium egazini lomuntu, esigabeni salo seSporozoite;
2. Ama-Sporozoites aya esibindini, lapho ekhula khona futhi ande, izinsuku ezingaba ngu-15, okwenza isimo samaMerozoites sivele;
3. AmaMerozoites aphazamisa amangqamuzana wesibindi futhi afinyelela egazini, aqala ukungena kumaseli abomvu egazi;
4. Ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana egazi anegciwane, abizwa ngokuthi amaSchizonts, izimuncagazi ziyaphindaphindeka ziphazamise leli seli, bese ziqala ukuhlasela ezinye, emjikelezweni othatha amahora angama-48 kuye kwangama-72.

Ngaphakathi kwe-schizont ngayinye, umjikelezo uyahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwe- IPlasmodium, kuba ngamahora angama-48 ezinhlotsheni P. falciparum, P. vivax, futhi P. ovalekanye no-72 h weP. malariae. Ngesikhathi lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi eqhekekile futhi ama-schizonts ekhululeka egazini, izimpawu zingabonakala kakhulu, ikakhulukazi umkhuhlane nokugodola.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpawu zokuqala, kunconywa ukuya esibhedlela noma egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo, ikakhulukazi uma izimpawu zivela njalo emahoreni angama-48 noma angama-72. Ngale ndlela, udokotela uzokwazi ukubona ubukhona besinanakazana emzimbeni ngokuhlolwa kwegazi, njengoba ethanda ukuhlolwa okunamandla noma kokuzivikela komzimba, akwazi ukuqala ukwelashwa okufanele, ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ekubeni kubhebhethekise nokubeka impilo yesiguli ingozi.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kukamalaleveva kunemithi elwa nomalaleveva, njengeChloroquine, Primaquine, Artemeter neLumefantrine noma i-Artesunate neMefloquine, esebenza ngokucekela phansi IPlasmodium nokuvikela ukudluliswa kwayo.

Imithi ekhethiwe, imithamo nobude bayo kuboniswa udokotela ngokweminyaka, ubucayi besifo nokuhlaziywa kwezimo zezempilo. Izingane, izingane kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe badinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile, ngeQuinine noma iClindamycin, njalo ngokuhambisana nezincomo zezokwelapha futhi, ngokuvamile, ukulaliswa esibhedlela kukhonjisiwe.

Kuyanconywa futhi:

• Yidla ngokujwayelekile;
• Ungaphuzi iziphuzo ezidakayo;
• Ungayeki ukwelashwa noma ngabe izimpawu ziyanyamalala, ngenxa yengozi yokuphindeka kanye nezinkinga zesifo.

Ukwelashwa komalaleveva kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba kungathuthuka kakhulu futhi, ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, kungaholela ekufeni. Thola kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ukwelashwa kwenziwa kanjani ukuze ululame ngokushesha.

Ungazivikela kanjani

Ukuvimbela umalaleveva kungenziwa ngalokhu:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwezingubo ezinombala okhanyayo nendwangu enhle, enemikhono emide namabhulukwe amade;
• Gwema izindawo ezivame ukungcoliswa zesifo, ikakhulukazi kusihlwa noma kusa;
• Sebenzisa ukuxosha okususelwa ku-DEET (N-N-diethylmetatoluamide), ngokuhlonipha imihlahlandlela yomkhiqizi maqondana nokushintshwa kophindayo;
• Beka izikrini zokuzivikela omiyane emafasiteleni naseminyango;
• Gwema amachibi, amachibi nemifula ntambama nakusihlwa.

Noma ngubani ohambela indawo lapho kunezigameko zikamalaleveva angathola imishanguzo yokuyivikela, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-chemoprophylaxis, ngemithi elwa nomalaleveva, njengeDoxycycline, Mefloquine noma iChloroquine.

Kodwa-ke, le mithi inemiphumela emibi enamandla, ngakho-ke udokotela uvame ukuncoma lolu hlobo lokuvimbela abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo ezimbi, njengokuya ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu okudlulisela noma lapho umuntu enesifo esingahle sibe nezinkinga.

Le mithi kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngemuva kweseluleko sezokwelapha futhi imvamisa iqalwa usuku olungu-1 ngaphambi kohambo futhi iqhubeke izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto ambalwa ukubuya.