Yiziphi Izilinganiso Zokuqagela Nokusinda KweMelanoma Ngesiteji?

-Delile

• Amaphuzu abalulekile
• Iyini i-melanoma?
• Ihlelwa kanjani i-melanoma?
• Isigaba 0
• Isigaba 1
• Isigaba 2
• Isigaba 3
• Isigaba 4
• Amanani okusinda
• Yiba nomdlandla

Amaphuzu abalulekile

• Kunezigaba ezinhlanu ze-melanoma ezisukela esigabeni 0 kuya esigabeni 4.
• Amanani okusinda ayizilinganiso nje futhi ekugcineni awanqumi ukubikezelwa komuntu othile.
• Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kukhulisa kakhulu amazinga okusinda.

Iyini i-melanoma?

I-Melanoma uhlobo lomdlavuza oqala kumaseli esikhumba akha i-pigment melanin. I-Melanoma ivame ukuqala njengemvukuzane emnyama esikhumbeni. Kodwa-ke, ingakha futhi kwezinye izicubu, njengeso noma umlomo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ama-moles nezinguquko esikhunjeni sakho, njengoba i-melanoma ingaba yingozi uma isakazeka. Kwakunabantu abangaphezu kuka-10 000 ababulawa yi-melanoma e-United States ngo-2016.

Ihlelwa kanjani i-melanoma?

Izigaba ze-Melanoma zinikezwa kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-TNM.

Isigaba salesi sifo sikhombisa ukuthi umdlavuza usuthuthuke kangakanani ngokubheka ubukhulu besimila, ukuthi ngabe sisakazeka kuma-lymph node, nokuthi sisakazeke nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Udokotela angakhomba i-melanoma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba futhi aqinisekise ukuxilongwa nge-biopsy, lapho isicubu sisuswa khona ukuthola ukuthi sinomdlavuza yini.

Kodwa ubuchwepheshe obedlulele, njengokuskena kwe-PET kanye ne-sentinel lymph node biopsies, kuyadingeka ukunquma isigaba somdlavuza noma ukuthi sithuthuke kangakanani.

Kunezigaba ezinhlanu ze-melanoma. Isigaba sokuqala sibizwa ngokuthi isigaba 0, noma i-melanoma in situ. Isigaba sokugcina sibizwa ngokuthi isigaba 4. Amazinga okusinda ancipha ngezigaba zakamuva ze-melanoma.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amazinga okusinda esigabeni ngasinye ayizilinganiso nje. Umuntu ngamunye one-melanoma uhlukile, futhi umbono wakho ungahluka ngokuya ngezici eziningi ezahlukahlukene.

Isigaba 0

Isigaba 0 se-melanoma sibizwa nangokuthi i-melanoma in situ. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho unama-melanocyte angavamile. Ama-Melanocyte amangqamuzana akhiqiza i-melanin, okuyiyona nto engeza i-pigment esikhunjeni.

Kuleli qophelo, amangqamuzana angaba nomdlavuza, kodwa angamaseli nje angajwayelekile kusendlalelo esiphezulu sesikhumba sakho.

I-Melanoma in situ ingabonakala njengemvukuzane encane. Noma zingahle zibonakale zingenabungozi, noma yimaphi amamaki amasha noma asolisayo esikhumbeni sakho kufanele ahlolwe ngudokotela wesikhumba.

Isigaba 1

Esigabeni, isimila sifinyelela ku-2 mm ubukhulu. Kungahle noma kube nezilonda, okukhombisa ukuthi isimila sinqamukile yini esikhunjeni. Umdlavuza awusabalalanga kuma-lymph node aseduze noma ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba.

Esigabeni 0 nesigaba 1, ukuhlinzeka ukwelashwa okuyinhloko. Esigabeni 1, kunganconywa i-sentinel node biopsy kwezinye izimo.

Isigaba 2

Isigaba 2 se-melanoma sisho ukuthi isimila singaphezu kuka-1 mm ubukhulu futhi singase sibe sikhulu noma sikhule ngokujulile esikhunjeni. Kungaba nesilonda noma kungabi nesilonda. Umdlavuza awusabalalanga kuma-lymph node aseduze noma ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba.

Ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha isimila esinomdlavuza kuyisu elijwayelekile lokwelashwa. Udokotela futhi anga-oda i-sentinel lymph node biopsy ukunquma ukuqhubeka komdlavuza.

Isigaba 3

Kuleli qophelo, isimila singaba sincane noma sibe sikhulu. Esigabeni sesi-3 i-melanoma, umdlavuza ususakazekele ohlelweni lwe-lymph. Akusakazekanga ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba.

Ukuhlinzwa ukususa izicubu zomdlavuza nama-lymph node kungenzeka. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe nokwelashwa ngeminye imithi enamandla nakho kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokwelashwa kwesigaba sesi-3.

Isigaba 4

Isigaba 4 se-melanoma sisho ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengamaphaphu, ubuchopho, noma ezinye izitho nezicubu.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi isakaze kuma-lymph node akude kakhulu nesimila sokuqala. Isigaba 4 se-melanoma kuvame ukuba nzima ukwelashwa ngezindlela zamanje zokwelapha.

Ukuhlinzwa, imisebe, i-immunotherapy, ukwelashwa okubhekiswe kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali yizindlela zokwelapha isigaba 4 se-melanoma. Kunganconywa nokuhlolwa komtholampilo.

Amanani okusinda

Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu le-melanoma, ngokwe-American Cancer Society yile:

• Indawo (umdlavuza awusakazekanga ngale kwalapho uqale khona): amaphesenti angama-99
• Isifunda (umdlavuza usabalale eduze / kuma-lymph node): amaphesenti angama-65
• Okude (umdlavuza usakaze kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba): amaphesenti angama-25

Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu likhombisa iziguli ezahlala okungenani iminyaka emi-5 ngemuva kokutholakala.

Izici ezingathinta amazinga okusinda yilezi:

• intuthuko entsha ekwelashweni komdlavuza
• izici zomuntu ngamunye nempilo yonke
• impendulo yomuntu ekwelashweni

Yiba nomdlandla

Lapho isaqala, i-melanoma iyisimo eselaphekayo. Kodwa umdlavuza kumele ubonwe futhi welashwe ngokushesha.

Uma kwenzeka ubona imvukuzane entsha noma uphawu olusolisayo esikhunjeni sakho, ngokushesha udokotela wesikhumba angayihlola. Uma isimo esifana negciwane lesandulela ngculaza senze buthakathaka amasosha akho omzimba, ukuhlolelwa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokugwema ukuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ukugqoka isivikelo selanga ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukugqoka izingubo ezivikela ilanga, njengamahembe okuvimba ilanga nakho kuyasiza.

Kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza indlela ye-ABCDE, engakusiza ukunquma ukuthi imvukuzane ingaba nomdlavuza yini.