IMethotrexate, isisombululo esizijolelayo

-Delile

• Amaphuzu avelele we-methotrexate
• Izexwayiso ezibalulekile
• Izexwayiso ze-FDA
• Ezinye izexwayiso
• Yini i-methotrexate?
• Kungani kusetshenziswa
• Isebenza kanjani
• Imiphumela emibi ye-Methotrexate
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile
• Imiphumela emibi kakhulu
• Bese ukhumbula
• IMethotrexate ingaxhumana neminye imithi
• Izidakamizwa okungafanele uzisebenzise ne-methotrexate
• Ukusebenzisana okwandisa ubungozi bemiphumela emibi
• Ukusebenzisana okungenza ukuthi imishanguzo yakho ingasebenzi kahle
• Izexwayiso zeMethotrexate
• Isexwayiso somzimba
• Isexwayiso sokusebenzisana kotshwala
• Izexwayiso zabantu abanezimo ezithile zempilo
• Izexwayiso kwamanye amaqembu
• Ungayithatha kanjani i-methotrexate
• Amafomu wezidakamizwa namandla
• Isikali se-psoriasis
• Isilinganiso se-rheumatoid arthritis
• Isilinganiso se-polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
• Thatha njengoba kuqondisiwe
• Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokuthatha i-methotrexate
• Jikelele
• Isitoreji
• Ukugcwalisa kabusha
• Ukuvakasha
• Ukuzilawula
• Ukuqapha komtholampilo
• Ukuzwela kwelanga
• Ukutholakala
• Izindleko ezifihliwe
• Ngaphambi kokugunyazwa
• Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela?

Amaphuzu avelele we-methotrexate

1. Isixazululo sokuzijova ngeMethotrexate siyatholakala njengesidakamizwa esijwayelekile kanye nezidakamizwa. Amagama omkhiqizo: URasuvo no-Otrexup.
2. IMethotrexate iza ngezinhlobo ezine: isisombululo esizisebenzelayo, isisombululo somjovo we-IV, ithebhulethi yomlomo, nesisombululo somlomo. Ngesixazululo sokuzijova, ungasithola kumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, noma wena noma umnakekeli angakunika sona ekhaya.
3. Isixazululo sokuzijova ngeMethotrexate sisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-psoriasis. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukwelapha isifo samathambo, kufaka phakathi i-polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Izexwayiso ezibalulekile

Izexwayiso ze-FDA

• Lo muthi unezixwayiso zebhokisi elimnyama. Lezi izexwayiso ezibucayi kakhulu ezivela ku-Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Izixwayiso zebhokisi elimnyama zixwayisa odokotela neziguli ngemiphumela yezidakamizwa engaba yingozi.
• Isexwayiso sezinkinga zesibindi: I-Methotrexate ingadala isifo sesibindi sokugcina (i-fibrosis ne-cirrhosis). Ingozi yakho iyanda uma uthatha lo muthi isikhathi eside.
• Isexwayiso sezinkinga zamaphaphu: I-Methotrexate ingadala izilonda zamaphaphu (izilonda). Lo mphumela kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho nanganoma yisiphi isilinganiso. Ukuyeka ukwelashwa kungahle kungabangeli ukuthi isilonda sihambe. Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, ukuphefumula okuncane, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ukukhwehlela okomile ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi.
• Isexwayiso se-Lymphoma: I-Methotrexate iphakamisa ubungozi bakho be-malignant lymphoma (umdlavuza wamasosha omzimba). Le ngozi ingahle noma ingahambi lapho uyeka ukuthatha umuthi.
• Isexwayiso sokuphendula kwesikhumba: I-Methotrexate ingadala ukusabela kwesikhumba okungabulala (kubangele ukufa). Bangahamba noma bangahambi lapho uyeka ukuthatha umuthi. Uma unezimpawu ezithile ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi, shayela udokotela wakho noma u-911 khona manjalo. Lezi zimpawu zifaka phakathi isikhumba esibomvu, esivuvukile, esinamabhamuza, noma esikhanyayo, ukuqubuka, imfiva, amehlo abomvu noma acasukile, noma izilonda emlonyeni, emqaleni, ekhaleni noma emehlweni.
• Isexwayiso sesifo: I-Methotrexate ingenza umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukulwa nezifo. Abantu abathatha lesi sidakamizwa basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka okungathi sína okusongela impilo. Abantu abanegciwane elisebenzayo akumele baqale ukusebenzisa i-methotrexate kuze kube yilapho isifo selashwa.
• Isexwayiso esiyingozi sokwakha: Izinkinga ezithile zempilo zingenza umzimba wakho usule lo muthi ngokunensa. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi umuthi wakhe emzimbeni wakho futhi kukhulise ubungozi bemiphumela emibi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, udokotela wakho anganciphisa umthamo wakho noma ayeke ukwelashwa kwakho. Ngaphambi kokuqala lesi sidakamizwa, tshela udokotela wakho uma unezinkinga zezinso, i-ascites (uketshezi esiswini sakho), noma i-pleural effusion (uketshezi oluzungeze amaphaphu akho).
• Isexwayiso se-tumor lysis syndrome: Uma unesimila esikhula ngokushesha futhi uthatha i-methotrexate, usengozini enkulu yesifo se-tumor lysis. Lesi simo singabulala (sidale ukufa). Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unezimpawu zalesi sifo. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi inkinga yokudlulisa umchamo, ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma amajaqamba, isisu esithukuthele noma ukungathandi ukudla, ukuhlanza, indle engalawuleki, noma ukuzizwa uvila. Kubandakanya nokudlula, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungazizwa kujwayelekile.
• Isexwayiso mayelana nokwelashwa okwandisa imiphumela emibi: Eminye imishanguzo nokwelashwa kungakhuphula imiphumela emibi ye-methotrexate. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa ngemisebe, okuphakamisa ingozi yokulimala kwamathambo noma kwemisipha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID). Le mithi iphakamisa ingozi yezinkinga ngesisu sakho, isisu sakho, noma umnkantsha wethambo. Lezi zinkinga zingabulala (zibangele ukufa). Izibonelo zama-NSAID zifaka ibuprofen ne-naproxen.
• Isexwayiso sokukhulelwa: I-Methotrexate ingalimaza kakhulu noma iqede ukukhulelwa. Uma une-psoriasis noma i-rheumatoid arthritis futhi ukhulelwe, ungayisebenzisi nhlobo i-methotrexate. Uma ukhulelwa ngenkathi usebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Lesi sidakamizwa singathinta nesidoda. Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane kufanele basebenzise ukulawulwa kokubeletha okusebenzayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
• Isexwayiso sepheshana lesisu: I-Methotrexate ingadala isifo sohudo esibi. Kungadala futhi i-ulcerative stomatitis, isifo esithathelwanayo somlomo esiholela ekuvuvukeni, izinsini zesiponji, izilonda namazinyo axegayo. Uma le miphumela yenzeka, udokotela wakho angaphazamisa ukwelashwa kwakho ngalo muthi.

Ezinye izexwayiso

• Isixwayiso sesilinganiso esingalungile: Lo muthi kufanele ujovwe kanye ngesonto. Ukuthatha lo muthi nsuku zonke kungaholela ekufeni.
• Isiyezi kanye nesixwayiso sokukhathala: Le mithi ingakwenza uzizwe unesiyezi kakhulu noma ukhathele. Ungashayeli noma usebenzise imishini esindayo uze wazi ukuthi ungasebenza ngokujwayelekile.
• Isexwayiso se-Anesthesia: Lesi sidakamizwa singasebenzisana ne-anesthesia equkethe umuthi obizwa nge-nitrous oxide. Uma uzoba nenqubo yezokwelapha edinga i-anesthesia, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela nodokotela ohlinzayo ukuthi usebenzisa i-methotrexate.

Yini i-methotrexate?

IMethotrexate ngumuthi kadokotela. Iza ngezindlela ezine: isisombululo esizisebenzelayo, isixazululo somjovo we-IV, ithebhulethi yomlomo, nesisombululo somlomo.

Ngesixazululo sokuzijova, ungathola umjovo kumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Noma, uma umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezwa ukuthi uyakwazi, bangakuqeqesha noma umnakekeli ukuthi aphathe lesi sidakamizwa ekhaya.

Isixazululo sokuzijova ngeMethotrexate siyatholakala njengesijwayelekile futhi njengemithi enegama lomkhiqizo URasuvo futhi I-Otrexup.

Isixazululo sokuzijova ngeMethotrexate singasetshenziswa njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuhlanganayo. Lokho kusho ukuthi ungadinga ukuyithatha nezinye izidakamizwa.

Kungani kusetshenziswa

Isixazululo sokuzijova ngeMethotrexate sisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-psoriasis. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukwelapha isifo samathambo, kufaka phakathi i-polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Isebenza kanjani

IMethotrexate ingeyesigaba semithi ebizwa ngama-antimetabolite, noma ama-folic acid antagonists. Isigaba semithi siyiqembu lemithi esebenza ngendlela efanayo. Le mithi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezifanayo.

IMethotrexate isebenza ngokwehlukile kunombandela ngamunye owelaphayo. Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi lo muthi usebenza kanjani ukwelapha i-rheumatoid arthritis (RA). I-RA isifo samasosha omzimba. Kukholakala ukuthi i-methotrexate yenza amasosha akho omzimba abe buthakathaka, angasiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, nokuqina kweRA.

Nge-psoriasis, i-methotrexate ibambezela ukuthi umzimba wakho ukhiqiza masinyane kangakanani ungqimba lwesikhumba sakho. Lokhu kusiza ekwelapheni izimpawu ze-psoriasis, ezibandakanya izindawo ezomile nezilukhuni zesikhumba.

Imiphumela emibi ye-Methotrexate

Isixazululo somjovo seMethotrexate singadala ukozela. Ungashayeli noma usebenzise imishini esindayo uze wazi ukuthi ungasebenza ngokujwayelekile.

IMethotrexate nayo ingadala eminye imiphumela emibi.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ye-methotrexate ingafaka:

• isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• ubuhlungu besisu noma ukucasuka
• isifo sohudo
• ukulahleka kwezinwele
• ukukhathala
• isiyezi
• Ukugodola
• ikhanda
• izilonda emaphashini akho
• izilonda zomlomo
• izilonda zesikhumba ezibuhlungu
• i-bronchitis
• imfiva
• ukulimaza kalula
• ingozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka
• ukuzwela kwelanga
• ukuqubuka
• ikhala eligobekile noma eligobayo nomphimbo obuhlungu
• imiphumela engajwayelekile ekuhlolweni kokusebenza kwesibindi (kungakhombisa ukulimala kwesibindi)
• amazinga egazi aphansi

Uma le miphumela imnene, ingahle ihambe zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto ambalwa. Uma zinzima kakhulu noma zingahambi, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Shayela u-911 uma izimpawu zakho zizizwa zisongela impilo noma uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha. Imiphumela emibi kanye nezimpawu zayo zingafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukopha okungavamile. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • Hlanza okuqukethe igazi noma okubukeka njengezizathu zekhofi
  • ekhwehlela igazi
  • igazi esitokisini sakho, noma esimnyama, isitulo sokulinda
  • ukopha ezinsinini zakho
  • ukopha okungavamile kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane
  • ukulimala okwandayo
• Izinkinga zesibindi. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • umchamo onombala omnyama
  • ukuhlanza
  • ubuhlungu esiswini sakho
  • ukuphuzi kwesikhumba sakho noma okumhlophe kwamehlo akho
  • ukukhathala
  • ukungabi nesifiso sokudla
  • indle enombala okhanyayo
• Izinkinga zezinso. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ukungakwazi ukudlulisa umchamo
  • ukuncipha ukuchama
  • igazi emchameni wakho
  • ukukhuluphala okukhulu noma okungazelelwe
• Izinkinga zepancreas. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini sakho
  • ubuhlungu obukhulu beqolo
  • isisu esibuhlungu
  • ukuhlanza
• Izilonda zamaphaphu (izilonda). Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ukukhwehlela okomile okungakhiqizi i-phlegm
  • imfiva
  • ukuphelelwa umoya
• I-Lymphoma (umdlavuza). Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ukukhathala
  • imfiva
  • Ukugodola
  • ukuncipha komzimba
  • ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukusabela kwesikhumba. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ukuqubuka
  • ububomvu
  • ukuvuvukala
  • amabhamuza
  • ukukhipha isikhumba
• Izifo. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • imfiva
  • Ukugodola
  • Umphimbo obuhlungu
  • ukukhwehlela
  • indlebe noma ubuhlungu besono
  • amathe noma amafinyila anyuka ngenani noma umbala ohlukile kunokujwayelekile
  • ubuhlungu ngenkathi uchama
  • izilonda zomlomo
  • amanxeba angapholi
  • ukulunywa indunu
• Ukulimala kwamathambo nobuhlungu
• Ukulimazeka kwamathambo. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • amazinga emangqamuzana egazi amhlophe aphansi, angadala ukutheleleka
  • amazinga wamangqamuzana egazi abomvu aphansi, angadala i-anemia (enezimpawu zokukhathala, isikhumba esiphaphathekile, ukuphefumula okuncane, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo)
  • amazinga aphansi weplatelet, angaholela ekopha

Ukuzikhulula: Inhloso yethu ukukunikeza imininingwane efanelekile futhi yamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngoba izidakamizwa zithinta umuntu ngamunye ngokuhlukile, asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu lwazi lubandakanya yonke imiphumela emibi engaba khona. Lolu lwazi aluyithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uxoxa ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo owazi umlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Bese ukhumbula

• Ukwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni (amazinga aphansi oketshezi emzimbeni wakho) angadala imiphumela emibi yalesi sidakamizwa. Qiniseka ukuthi uphuza uketshezi olwanele ngaphambi kokuthatha lo muthi.
• I-Methotrexate ingadala izilonda zomlomo. Ukuthatha isengezo se-folic acid kunganciphisa lo mphumela ohlangothini. Kungasiza futhi ukwehlisa imiphumela ethile yezinso noma yesibindi evela ku-methotrexate. Udokotela wakho angakutshela okuningi.

IMethotrexate ingaxhumana neminye imithi

Isixazululo sokuzijova seMethotrexate singasebenzisana neminye imithi, amavithamini, noma amakhambi okungenzeka ukuthi uwaphuza. Ukusebenzisana kulapho into iguqula indlela umuthi osebenza ngayo. Lokhu kungaba yingozi noma kuvimbele umuthi ukuthi usebenze kahle.

Ukusiza ukugwema ukuxhumana, udokotela wakho kufanele aphathe yonke imithi yakho ngokucophelela. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, amavithamini, noma amakhambi owathathayo. Ukuthola ukuthi lo muthi ungahlangana kanjani nokunye okuthathayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Izibonelo zezidakamizwa ezingadala ukusebenzisana ne-methotrexate zibalwe ngezansi.

Izidakamizwa okungafanele uzisebenzise ne-methotrexate

Ungathathi le mithi nge-methotrexate. Uma isetshenziswa ne-methotrexate, le mithi ingadala imiphumela eyingozi emzimbeni wakho. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• Imishanguzo ebukhoma. Uma isetshenziswa ne-methotrexate, imithi yokugoma ebukhoma iphakamisa ingozi yokutheleleka. Umuthi wokugoma nawo kungenzeka ungasebenzi kahle. (Imishanguzo ebukhoma, njenge-FluMist, yimithi yokugoma equkethe inani elincane lamagciwane aphilayo, kepha abuthakathaka.)

Ukusebenzisana okwandisa ubungozi bemiphumela emibi

Imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe evela kwezinye izidakamizwa: Ukuthatha i-methotrexate ngemithi ethile kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi evela kulezo zidakamizwa. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• Izidakamizwa ezithile ze-asthma ezifana ne-theophylline. Imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe ye-theophylline ingafaka ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.

Imiphumela emibi eyandisiwe evela ku-methotrexate: Ukuthatha i-methotrexate ngemithi ethile kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi evela ku-methotrexate. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani le-methotrexate emzimbeni wakho linganyuswa. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• Izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) njenge-ibuprofen, naproxen, i-aspirin, i-diclofenac, i-etodolac, noma i-ketoprofen. Imiphumela emibi eyandisiwe ingafaka ukopha, izinkinga ngomnkantsha wakho, noma izinkinga ezinkulu ngomgudu wokugaya ukudla. Lezi zinkinga zingabulala (zibangele ukufa).
• Izidakamizwa zokubamba njenge-phenytoin. Imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe ingafaka isisu esicasulayo, ukulahleka kwezinwele, ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, nesiyezi.
• Izidakamizwa ze-Gout ezifana ne-probenecid. Imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe ingafaka isisu esicasulayo, ukulahleka kwezinwele, ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, nesiyezi.
• Ama-antibiotic anjengezidakamizwa ze-penicillin, okubandakanya i-amoxicillin, i-ampicillin, i-cloxacillin, ne-nafcillin. Imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe ingafaka isisu esicasulayo, ukulahleka kwezinwele, ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, nesiyezi.
• I-Proton pump inhibitors efana ne-omeprazole, i-pantoprazole, noma i-esomeprazole. Imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe ingafaka isisu esicasulayo, ukulahleka kwezinwele, ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, nesiyezi.
• Izidakamizwa zesikhumba ezinjenge-retinoids. Imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe ingafaka izinkinga zesibindi.
• Izidakamizwa zokufakelwa ngemuva kokufakwa njenge-azathioprine. Imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe ingafaka izinkinga zesibindi.
• Izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala ezifana ne-sulfasalazine. Imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe ingafaka izinkinga zesibindi.
• Ama-antibiotic afana ne-trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole. Imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe ingafaka ukulimala komnkantsha.
• I-nitrous oxide, umuthi wokubulala izinzwa. Imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe ingafaka izilonda zomlomo, ukulimala kwezinzwa, nokuncipha kokubalwa kwamaseli egazi okungakhuphula ubungozi bokutheleleka.

Ukusebenzisana okungenza ukuthi imishanguzo yakho ingasebenzi kahle

Lapho i-methotrexate ingasebenzi kahle: Lapho i-methotrexate isetshenziswa nezidakamizwa ezithile, ingahle ingasebenzi ukwelapha isimo sakho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani le-methotrexate emzimbeni wakho lingehla. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• Imithi elwa namagciwane efana ne-tetracycline, i-chloramphenicol, noma leyo esebenza kuma-bacteria asesiswini sakho (njenge-vancomycin). Udokotela wakho angalungisa isilinganiso sakho se-methotrexate.

Ukuzikhulula: Inhloso yethu ukukunikeza imininingwane efanelekile futhi yamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngoba izidakamizwa zisebenzisana ngokwehlukile kumuntu ngamunye, asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu lwazi lubandakanya konke ukuxhumana okungenzeka. Lolu lwazi aluyithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala ukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nokuhlangana okungenzeka ngayo yonke imishanguzo kadokotela, amavithamini, amakhambi nezithako, kanye nemithi oyithenga uphuza yona.

Izexwayiso zeMethotrexate

Lesi sidakamizwa siza nezixwayiso eziningana.

Isexwayiso somzimba

I-Methotrexate ingadala ukusabela okweqile komzimba. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• inkinga yokuphefumula
• ukuvuvukala komphimbo wakho noma ulimi
• isifuba

Uma uthuthukisa lezi zimpawu, shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze.

Ungaphinde uwuthathe lo muthi uma ngabe uke waba nokungezwani komzimba nawo. Ukuyithatha futhi kungaba yingozi (kungadala ukufa).

Isexwayiso sokusebenzisana kotshwala

Gwema ukuphuza utshwala lapho uthatha i-methotrexate. Utshwala bungakhuphula imiphumela emibi ye-methotrexate esibindini sakho. Lokhu kungadala ukulimala kwesibindi noma kube nzima izinkinga zesibindi osuvele unazo.

Izexwayiso zabantu abanezimo ezithile zempilo

Kubantu abanesifo sesibindi: Ungasebenzisi i-methotrexate uma unomlando wezinkinga zesibindi, kufaka phakathi izinkinga zesibindi ezihlobene notshwala. Lesi sidakamizwa singenza isibindi sakho sisebenze kakhulu. Uma udokotela wakho ekutshela lo muthi, bazonquma isilinganiso sakho ngokwengxenye ngokuya ngempilo yesibindi sakho. Ngokuya ngezinga lakho lesifo sesibindi, udokotela wakho anganquma ukuthi akufanele uthathe i-methotrexate.

Kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka: Ungasebenzisi i-methotrexate uma unesifo somzimba esibuthakathaka noma ukutheleleka okusebenzayo. Lesi sidakamizwa singenza lezi zinkinga zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Kubantu abanezibalo eziphansi zegazi: Lokhu kufaka ukubalwa okuphansi kwamaseli amhlophe egazi, amaseli abomvu egazi, noma ama-platelets. I-Methotrexate ingenza amazinga weseli ephansi egazi abe mabi kakhulu.

Kubantu abanesifo sezinso: Uma unezinkinga zezinso noma umlando wesifo sezinso, ungahle ungakwazi ukusula lesi sidakamizwa emzimbeni wakho kahle. Lokhu kungakhuphula amazinga e-methotrexate emzimbeni wakho futhi kudale imiphumela emibi eminingi. Lesi sidakamizwa singadala nezinkinga ngomsebenzi wakho wezinso noma sibangele izinso zakho ukuthi zehluleke, okuholele kusidingo se-dialysis. Uma udokotela wakho ekuyala lo muthi, bazonquma isilinganiso sakho ngokwengxenye ngokuya ngempilo yezinso zakho. Uma ukulimala kwakho kwezinso kunzima, udokotela wakho anganquma ukuthi akufanele uthathe i-methotrexate.

Kubantu abanezilonda noma i-ulcerative colitis: Ungasebenzisi i-methotrexate. Le mithi ingenza lezi zimo zibe zimbi ngokwandisa ubungozi bezilonda (izilonda) emgodini wakho wamathumbu.

Kubantu abanezicubu ezikhula ngokushesha: I-Methotrexate ingadala i-tumor lysis syndrome. Lesi simo singenzeka ngemuva kokwelashwa komdlavuza othile. Kungadala izinkinga ngamazinga akho e-electrolyte, angaholela ekuhlulekeni okukhulu kwezinso noma ngisho nasekufeni.

Kubantu abane-pleural effusion noma i-ascites: I-Pleural effusion i-fluid ezungeze amaphaphu. Ama-Ascites ayamanzi esiswini sakho. IMethotrexate ingahlala emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside uma unalezi zinkinga zezokwelapha. Lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi eminingi.

Kubantu abane-psoriasis ebi kakhulu ngenxa yokuchayeka kokukhanya: Uma uke waba ne-psoriasis eba kubi kakhulu kusuka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV) noma ukuvezwa yilanga, i-methotrexate ingadala ukuthi lokhu kuphendula kwenzeke futhi.

Izexwayiso kwamanye amaqembu

Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe: I-Methotrexate ingadala ingozi enkulu ekukhulelweni. Kungadala nezinkinga zokuzala (kwenze kube nzima ukukhulelwa). Abantu abane-RA noma i-psoriasis akufanele basebenzise lesi sidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Uma ungowesifazane oseminyakeni yokuzala, udokotela wakho kungenzeka akunikeze isivivinyo sokukhulelwa ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi awukhulelwe ngaphambi kokuqala lo muthi. Kufanele usebenzise ukulawulwa kokubeletha okusebenzayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho kanye nokuya esikhathini okungenani esisodwa ngemuva kokuyeka ukwelashwa ngalo muthi. Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma:

• uphuthelwe yisikhathi
• cabanga ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokuzalwa aluzange lusebenze
• ukhulelwe ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi

Uma uyindoda, kufanele usebenzise ukulawulwa kokubeletha okusebenzayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho futhi okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa kwakho.

Kwabesifazane abancelisayo: IMethotrexate idlula obisini lwebele futhi ingadala imiphumela emibi enganeni enceliswa ibele. Ungancelisi ibele ngenkathi uthatha i-methotrexate. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngendlela engcono yokondla ingane yakho.

Okwabadala: Kungenzeka ukuthi ube nezinkinga ngesibindi, izinso, noma umnkantsha wabo ngenkathi uthatha i-methotrexate. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ube namazinga aphansi e-folic acid. Udokotela wakho kufanele akuhlole ngale miphumela kanye neminye imiphumela emibi.

Okwezingane: Okwe-psoriasis: Lo muthi awukaze ufundwe ezinganeni ezine-psoriasis. Akufanele isetshenziselwe ukwelapha lesi simo ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18.

Okwe-polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Lo muthi ufundwe ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-2-16 iminyaka unalesi simo.

Ungayithatha kanjani i-methotrexate

Yonke imithamo engenzeka kanye namafomu ezidakamizwa kungenzeka angafakwa lapha. Umthamo wakho, ifomu lesidakamizwa, nokuthi uwuthatha kangaki umuthi kuzoya ngokuthi:

• iminyaka yakho
• isimo esilashwa
• sinzima kangakanani isimo sakho
• ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo
• ukuthi usabela kanjani esilinganisweni sokuqala

Amafomu wezidakamizwa namandla

Okujwayelekile: imethotrexate

• Ifomu: umjovo ongama (isitsha)
• Amandla:
  • 1 gm / 40 mL (25 mg / mL)
  • 50 mg / 2 ml
  • 100 mg / 4 ml
  • 200 mg / 8 ml
  • 250 mg / 10 ml

Umkhiqizo: I-Otrexup

• Ifomu: umjovo ongaphansi (i-auto-injector)
• Amandla: 10 mg / 0.4 mL, 12.5 mg / 0.4 mL, 15 mg / 0.4 mL, 17.5 mg / 0.4 mL, 20 mg / 0.4 mL, 22.5 mg / 0.4 mL, 25 mg / 0.4 ml

Umkhiqizo: URasuvo

• Ifomu: umjovo ongaphansi (i-auto-injector)
• Amandla: 7.5 mg / 0.15 mL, 10 mg / 0.2 mL, 12.5 mg / 0.25 mL, 15 mg / 0.3 mL, 17.5 mg / 0.35 mL, 20 mg / 0.4 mL, 22.5 mg / 0.45 mL, 25 mg / 0.5 ml, 30 mg /0.6 ml

Isikali se-psoriasis

Isikali sabadala (iminyaka eyi-18-64 iminyaka)

• Isilinganiso sokuqala esijwayelekile: 10-25 mg kanye ngesonto.
• Isilinganiso esikhulu: 30 mg kanye ngesonto.

Isilinganiso sengane (iminyaka yobudala engu-0-17)

Lo muthi awusungulwanga uphephile futhi usebenza kahle ekwelapheni i-psoriasis kuleli qembu leminyaka.

Umthamo omkhulu (oneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu)

Izinso zakho kungenzeka zingasebenzi kahle njengakuqala.Lokhu kungadala ukuthi umzimba wakho ukwazi ukucubungula izidakamizwa kancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani eliphakeme lomuthi lingahlala emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi.

Udokotela wakho angakuqala ngomthamo ophansi noma uhlelo oluhlukile lokulinganisa. Lokhu kungasiza ukugcina amazinga alo muthi ekwakheni kakhulu emzimbeni wakho.

Isilinganiso se-rheumatoid arthritis

Isikali sabadala (iminyaka eyi-17-64 iminyaka)

• Isilinganiso sokuqala esijwayelekile: 7.5 mg kanye ngesonto.

Isilinganiso sengane (iminyaka yobudala engu-0-17)

Lesi sidakamizwa asivunyelwe ukwelapha i-RA ezinganeni.

Umthamo omkhulu (oneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu)

Izinso zabantu abadala zingase zingasebenzi ngendlela ababevame ngayo. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi umzimba wakho ukwazi ukucubungula izidakamizwa kancane. Njengomphumela, isidakamizwa esiningi singahlala emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi.

Udokotela wakho angakuqala ngomthamo owehlisiwe noma uhlelo oluhlukile lokulinganisa. Lokhu kungasiza ukugcina amazinga alo muthi ekwakheni kakhulu emzimbeni wakho.

Isilinganiso se-polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)

Isilinganiso sengane (iminyaka engu-2-16)

• Isilinganiso sokuqala esijwayelekile: 10 mg imitha ngayinye eyisikwele (m2) yendawo yomzimba, kanye ngesonto.

Isilinganiso sengane (iminyaka yobudala engu-0-1)

Lesi sidakamizwa asikhonjisiwe ukuthi siphephile futhi sisebenza ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2.

Ukuzikhulula: Inhloso yethu ukukunikeza imininingwane efanelekile futhi yamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngoba izidakamizwa zithinta umuntu ngamunye ngokuhlukile, asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu hlu lubandakanya yonke imithamo engenzeka. Lolu lwazi aluyithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala ukhuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ngemithamo ekufanele.

Thatha njengoba kuqondisiwe

I-Methotrexate isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwesikhashana noma kwesikhathi eside. Ubude bokwelashwa kwakho buxhomeke esimweni esiphethwe ngaso. Lesi sidakamizwa siza nezingozi ezinkulu uma ungathathi njengoba kuchaziwe.

Uma uyeka ukuthatha umuthi ngokungazelelwe noma ungawuthathi nhlobo: Ungaba nezinkinga ezincike esimweni esiphethwe ngaso.

• YeRA noma iJIA: Izimpawu zakho, njengokuvuvukala nobuhlungu, kungenzeka zingapheli noma zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu.
• Okwe-psoriasis: Izimpawu zakho kungenzeka zingathuthuki. Lezi zimpawu zingafaka ukulunywa, ubuhlungu, amabala abomvu esikhumba, noma izingqimba zesiliva noma ezimhlophe zesikhumba se-scaly.

Uma uphuthelwa imithamo noma ungaphuzi umuthi ngesikhathi: Imithi yakho kungenzeka ingasebenzi kahle noma ingayeka ukusebenza ngokuphelele. Ukuze lo muthi usebenze kahle, inani elithile lidinga ukuba semzimbeni wakho ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Uma uthatha kakhulu: Ungaba namazinga ayingozi omuthi emzimbeni wakho. Ukweqisa ngokweqile kungadala izinkinga ezibandakanya:

• amazinga wamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe aphansi kanye nezifo, ezinezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukugodola, ukukhwehlela, ubuhlungu bomzimba, ubuhlungu lapho uchama, noma amabala amhlophe emphinjeni wakho
• amazinga aphansi abomvu egazi kanye ne-anemia, enezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala ngokweqile, isikhumba esiphaphathekile, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, noma ukuphefumula okuncane
• amazinga weplatelet aphansi nokuphuma kwegazi okungajwayelekile, njengokuphuma kwegazi okungeke kume, ukukhwehlela igazi, ukuhlanza igazi, noma igazi emchameni wakho noma ezihlalweni
• izilonda zomlomo
• imiphumela emibi yesisu, njengobuhlungu, isicanucanu, noma ukuhlanza

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthathe kakhulu lo muthi, shayela udokotela wakho noma isikhungo sendawo sokulawula ubuthi. Uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha.

Okufanele ukwenze uma uphuthelwa umthamo: Thatha umthamo wakho ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula. Uma ukhumbula amahora ambalwa ngaphambi komthamo wakho olandelayo, thatha umthamo owodwa kuphela. Ungalokothi uzame ukuthola ngokuthatha amanani amabili ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi eyingozi.

Ungasho kanjani ukuthi umuthi uyasebenza: Ungaba nezimpawu zokuthuthuka. Bancike esimweni esiphethwe.

• YeRA noma iJIA: Kufanele ube nezinhlungu ezincane nokuvuvukala. Abantu bavame ukubona ukuthuthuka amasonto ama-3-6 ngemuva kokuqala umuthi.
• Okwe-psoriasis: Kufanele ube nesikhumba esomile esingaqinile.

Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokuthatha i-methotrexate

Gcina lokhu kucatshangelwa engqondweni uma udokotela wakho ekunikeza i-methotrexate.

Jikelele

• Thatha lo muthi ngesikhathi (izi) esinconywe ngudokotela wakho.

Isitoreji

• Gcina isixazululo somjovo we-methotrexate ekamelweni lokushisa, phakathi kuka-59 ° F no-86 ° F (15 ° C no-30 ° C).
• Gcina le mithi kude nokukhanya.
• Ungawugcini lo muthi ezindaweni ezinomswakama noma ezinomswakama, njengezindlu zangasese.

Ukugcwalisa kabusha

Imibhalo kadokotela yalomuthi iyagcwaliseka. Akudingeki ukuthi unikezwe umuthi omusha kadokotela ukuze ugcwaliswe futhi lo muthi. Udokotela wakho uzobhala inani lama-refill eligunyazwe kudokotela wakho.

Ukuvakasha

Lapho uhamba nemithi yakho:

• Ngaso sonke isikhathi phatha imithi yakho. Lapho undiza, ungalokothi uwufake esikhwameni esihloliwe. Yigcine esikhwameni sakho sokuthwala.
• Ungakhathazeki ngemishini ye-X-ray yesikhumulo sezindiza. Abakwazi ukulimaza umuthi wakho.
• Ungadinga ukukhombisa abasebenzi bezindiza ilebula lekhemisi lemithi yakho. Ngaso sonke isikhathi phatha isitsha sokuqala esinelebula kadokotela.
• Ungafaki lo muthi egumbini legilavu ​​lemoto yakho noma uwushiye emotweni. Qinisekisa ukugwema ukwenza lokhu lapho isimo sezulu sishisa kakhulu noma sibanda kakhulu.

Ukuzilawula

Uma uzozilimaza i-methotrexate, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokukhombisa noma akunakekele ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani. Akufanele ujove umuthi uze uqeqeshwe ngendlela eyiyo yokwenza. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhululekile ngenqubo, futhi ungakhohlwa ukubuza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo.

Ngomjovo ngamunye, uzodinga:

• i-gauze
• amabhola kakotini
• utshwala busula
• ibhandishi
• idivayisi yokuqeqesha (enikezwe udokotela wakho)

Ukuqapha komtholampilo

Udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi umuthi awulimazi umzimba wakho. Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka ukuhlolwa kwegazi nama-x-ray, futhi zingabheka okulandelayo:

• amazinga egazi
• amazinga eplatelet
• ukusebenza kwesibindi
• amazinga we-albhamu album
• ukusebenza kwezinso
• umsebenzi wamaphaphu
• izinga le-methotrexate emzimbeni wakho
• inani le-calcium, i-phosphate, i-potassium ne-uric acid egazini lakho (lingathola i-tumor lysis syndrome)

Ukuzwela kwelanga

IMethotrexate ingenza isikhumba sakho sizwele kakhulu elangeni. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokushiswa yilanga. Gwema ilanga uma ungakwazi. Uma ungakwazi, qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela futhi ugcobe i-sunscreen.

Ukutholakala

Akuwona wonke amakhemisi agcina lo muthi. Lapho ugcwalisa incwadi kadokotela, qiniseka ukuthi ushayela phambili ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ikhemisi lakho liyawuphatha.

Izindleko ezifihliwe

• Ungadinga ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho nge-methotrexate. Izindleko zalezi zivivinyo zizoya ngokutholakala komshuwalense wakho.
• Uzodinga ukuthenga izinto ezilandelayo ukuze uzijovozele lo muthi:
  • i-gauze
  • amabhola kakotini
  • utshwala busula
  • amabhandeshi

Ngaphambi kokugunyazwa

Izinkampani eziningi zomshuwalense zidinga ukugunyazwa kwangaphambili kwalomuthi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi udokotela wakho uzodinga ukuthola imvume enkampanini yakho yomshuwalense ngaphambi kokuba inkampani yakho yomshuwalense ikhokhele incwadi kadokotela.

Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela?

Kuneminye imithi etholakalayo yokwelapha isimo sakho. Ezinye zingakulungela kangcono kunabanye. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinye izinketho zezidakamizwa ezingakusebenzela.

Ukuzikhulula:Izindaba Zokwelapha Namuhla wenze yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi lonke ulwazi luyiqiniso, luphelele futhi lusesikhathini. Kodwa-ke, le ndatshana akufanele isetshenziswe njengokungena esikhundleni solwazi nobungoti bochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo onelayisense. Kufanele uhlale uthintana nodokotela wakho noma omunye uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokuthatha noma imuphi umuthi. Imininingwane yezidakamizwa equkethwe lapha ingashintsha futhi ayihloselwe ukumboza konke ukusetshenziswa okungaba khona, izinkomba, izixwayiso, izexwayiso, ukuxhumana kwezidakamizwa, ukungezwani komzimba, noma imiphumela emibi. Ukungabikho kwezixwayiso noma olunye ulwazi lomuthi othile awukhombisi ukuthi inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa noma yezidakamizwa iphephile, iyasebenza, noma ilungele zonke iziguli noma konke ukusetshenziswa okuthile.