Okufanele ukwenze uma usola i-HIV

-Delile

• 1. Iya kudokotela
• 2. Qala i-PEP
• 3. Hlolela i-HIV
• 4. Yenza ukuhlolwa okuhambisanayo kwe-HIV
• Yikuphi ukuziphatha okuyingozi

Uma kwenzeka usolwa ngokutheleleka nge-HIV ngenxa yokuziphatha okuthile okuyingozi, njengokuya ocansini ngaphandle kwekhondomu noma ukwabelana ngezinaliti nemijovo, kubalulekile ukuya kudokotela ngokushesha okukhulu, ukuze kuhlolwe indlela okuyingozi ngayo kwaqala imithi esiza ukuvimbela igciwane ekuphindaphindaneni emzimbeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokubonisana nodokotela kunganconywa ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusiza ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe umuntu ungenwe yini ngempela. Njengoba igciwane le-HIV litholakala egazini kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30 zokuziphatha okuyingozi, kungenzeka ukuthi udokotela uncoma ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV ngesikhathi sokubonisana, kanye nokuphinda ukuhlolwa ngemuva kwenyanga eyodwa yokubonisana hlola ukuthi kukhona yini ukutheleleka noma cha.

Ngakho-ke, esimweni sokusolwa ngokutheleleka nge-HIV, noma lapho kwenzeka isimo esiyingozi, kubalulekile ukulandela lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Iya kudokotela

Uma unokuziphatha okuyingozi, njengokungasebenzisi ikhondomu ngesikhathi socansi noma ukwabelana ngezinaliti nemijovo, kubalulekile ukuthi uye ngokushesha esikhungweni sokuhlola nokwelulekwa (i-CTA), ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokuqala nalokhu okulandelayo Izimo ezifanele kakhulu zokuvimbela ukubhebhetheka kwegciwane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo.

2. Qala i-PEP

I-PEP, ebizwa nangokuthi i-Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, iyahambisana nemithi yama-antiretroviral enganconywa ngesikhathi sokubonisana e-CTA futhi ehlose ukwehlisa izinga lokuphindaphindeka kwamagciwane, ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesifo. Kukhonjiswa ukuthi i-PEP iqalwa emahoreni angama-72 okuqala ngemuva kokuziphatha okuyingozi futhi inakekelwa ama-28 ngokulandelana.

Ngesikhathi sokubonisana, udokotela usengakwazi ukuhlolela i-HIV ngokushesha, kepha uma ngabe uthintane naleli gciwane okokuqala ngqa, kungenzeka ukuthi umphumela ungamanga, ngoba kungathatha izinsuku ezingama-30 I-HIV ingakhonjwa ngokufanele egazini. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi ngemuva kwalezi zinsuku ezingama-30, futhi nangemva kokuphela kwesikhathi se-PEP, udokotela uzocela ukuhlolwa okusha, ukuqinisekisa, noma cha, umphumela wokuqala.

Uma sekudlule isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga ngemuva kokuziphatha okuyingozi, udokotela, njengomthetho, akakukhuthazi ukuthatha i-PEP futhi anga-oda kuphela ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV, okungathi, uma kukuhle, kungavala ukuxilongwa kwe-HIV. Ngemuva kwalowo mzuzu, uma umuntu ethelelekile, bazodluliselwa kuchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelanayo, ozolungisa ukwelashwa ngama-antiretrovirals, okuyizidakamizwa ezisiza ukuvimbela igciwane ukuthi lande ngokweqile. Ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nge-HIV kwenziwa kanjani.

3. Hlolela i-HIV

Ukuhlolelwa i-HIV kunconywa cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuya kwezingama-40 ngemuva kokuziphatha okuyingozi, ngoba lesi yisikhathi sesikhathi esidingekayo ukuze igciwane likhonjwe egazini. Kodwa-ke, futhi noma ngabe ngumphumela walolu vivinyo, kubalulekile ukuthi luphindwe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30, noma ngabe imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuqala ingekho, ukukhipha izinsolo.

Ehhovisi, lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokuqoqwa kwegazi futhi kuvame ukwenziwa ngendlela ye-ELISA, ekhomba ubukhona be-antibody ye-HIV egazini. Umphumela ungathatha ngaphezu kosuku olungu-1 ukuphuma futhi, uma uthi "reagent", kusho ukuthi umuntu uthelelekile, kepha uma "engasebenzi" kusho ukuthi akukho ukutheleleka, kepha kufanele hlola futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30.

Lapho ukuhlolwa kwenziwa emikhankasweni kahulumeni womphakathi emgwaqweni, kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-HIV, lapho umphumela usulungile ngemizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-30. Kulesi sivivinyo, umphumela unikezwa ngokuthi "u-positive" noma "u-negative" futhi, uma une-positive, kufanele kuqinisekiswe njalo ngokuhlolwa kwegazi esibhedlela.

Bona ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kusebenza kanjani nokuthi uyiqonda kanjani imiphumela.

4. Yenza ukuhlolwa okuhambisanayo kwe-HIV

Ukuqinisekisa ukusolwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kuyalulekwa futhi ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okuhambisanayo, okufana ne-Indirect Immunofluorescence Test noma i-Western Blot Test, esebenzela ukuqinisekisa ubukhona begciwane emzimbeni bese iqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu .

Yikuphi ukuziphatha okuyingozi

Lokhu okulandelayo kubhekwa njengokuziphatha okuyingozi ekwenziweni kokutheleleka nge-HIV:

• Ukuya ocansini ngaphandle kwekhondomu, kungaba ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane, sangasese noma ngomlomo;
• Ukwabelana imijovo;
• Xhumana ngqo ngamanxeba avulekile noma ngegazi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abakhulelwe nabanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kufanele futhi baqaphele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubeletha ukugwema ukudlulisela leli gciwane enganeni. Bheka ukuthi leli gciwane lidluliselwa kanjani nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani.

Bheka futhi, imininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu ngokutheleleka nge-HIV: