Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-anemia

-Delile

• 1. Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini
• 2. Ukukhubazeka komnkantsha wamathambo
• 3. Ukopha
• 4.Izifo zofuzo
• 5. Izifo ezizimele
• 6. Izifo ezingalapheki
• 7. Ezinye izimbangela
• Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi i-anemia

I-anemia ibonakala ngamazinga anciphile e-hemoglobin egazini, okuyi-protein engaphakathi kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi futhi enesibopho sokuthwala i-oxygen iye ezithweni.

Kunezimbangela eziningana zokushoda kwegazi, kusuka ekudleni okuncane kwamavithamini kuya ekuphumeni kwegazi, ukungasebenzi kahle komnkantsha wamathambo, izifo ezizimele noma ukuba khona kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona, isibonelo.

I-anemia ingaba mncane noma ijule kakhulu, lapho izinga le-hemoglobin lingaphansi kwe-7%, futhi lokhu akuxhomekile kuphela kunsusa, kodwa futhi nakubucayi besifo nokuphendula komzimba womuntu ngamunye.

Ezinye zezimbangela ezinkulu ze-anemia zifaka:

1. Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini

Ukukhiqiza kahle amaseli abomvu egazi, umzimba udinga izakhamzimba ezibalulekile. Ukushoda kwazo, kudala lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-deficiency anemias, okuyilezi;

• Ukushoda kwegazi ngenxa yokushoda kwensimbi emzimbeni, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-iron deficiency anemia, engavela ekudleni okunensimbi ephansi, ikakhulukazi ebuntwaneni, noma ngenxa yokopha emzimbeni, okungenzeka kungabonakali, njengesilonda esiswini noma imithambo ye-varicose emathunjini, isibonelo;
• I-anemia ngenxa yokushoda kwevithamini B12 ne-folic acid, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-megaloblastic anemia, kwenzeka ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kukavithamini B12 esiswini kanye nokusetshenziswa okuncane kwe-folic acid ekudleni. UVitamin B12 udliwa enyameni noma emikhiqizweni yezilwane, njengamaqanda, ushizi nobisi. I-folic acid itholakala enyameni, imifino eluhlaza, ubhontshisi noma okusanhlamvu, isibonelo.

Ukungabikho kwalezi zakhi zomzimba kutholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi oku-odolwe ngudokotela. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwe-anemia luya ngokuya lubi, futhi njengoba umzimba ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokulahlekelwa isikhathi esithile, izimpawu zingathatha isikhathi ukuvela.

Buka le vidiyo engezansi bese ubheka imihlahlandlela yengcweti yokudla uTatiana Zanin ngokuthi yini okufanele uyidle uma kwenzeka une-anemia:

2. Ukukhubazeka komnkantsha wamathambo

Umnkantsha walapho kukhiqizwa khona amangqamuzana egazi, ngakho-ke uma uthinteka yinoma yisiphi isifo, singaphazamisa ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu futhi sidale i-anemia.

Lolu hlobo lwe-anemia, olubizwa nangokuthi i-Aplastic anemia noma i-Spinal anemia, lungaba nezimbangela eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukukhubazeka kofuzo, ukudakwa ngamakhemikhali anjenge-solvents, i-bismuth, i-pesticides, i-tar, ama-anticonvulsants, ukuvezwa yimisebe ye-ionizing, ukutheleleka nge-HIV, i-parvovirus B19, i-Epstein Igciwane le-Bar noma izifo ezifana ne-paroxysmal hemoglobinuria notura, isibonelo. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, imbangela ingahle ingaziwa.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kuyini nokuthi wenzeni uma kwenzeka une-aplastic anemia.

3. Ukopha

Ama-hemorrhages abucayi njengoba ukulahleka kwegazi kubonisa ukulahleka kwamaseli abomvu egazi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukwehla kwenani lomoya-mpilo nezakhi zomzimba ezithunyelwa ezithweni zomzimba.

Ezinye zezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokopha zingadalwa ukulimala emzimbeni, ukuhlukumezeka ngenxa yezingozi, ukuya esikhathini okunzima kakhulu noma izifo ezifana nomdlavuza, isifo sesibindi, imithambo ye-varicose noma izilonda, isibonelo.

Kwezinye izimo, ukopha kungaphakathi futhi, ngakho-ke, akubonakali, kudinga ukuhlolwa ukuze kubonwe. Bheka izimbangela ezinkulu zokopha kwangaphakathi.

4.Izifo zofuzo

Izifo ezibangwa ngefa, ezidluliselwa nge-DNA, zingadala ushintsho ekukhiqizeni i-hemoglobin, kungaba ngobuningi bayo noma ngekhwalithi yayo. Lezi zinguquko ngokuvamile ziholela ekubhujisweni kwamaseli abomvu egazi.

Isithwali salezi ziphutha zofuzo ngeke sihlale siveza i-anemia ekhathazayo, noma kunjalo, kwezinye izimo kungaba nzima futhi kubeke engozini impilo ngokweqile. Ama-anemias amakhulu wemvelaphi yezakhi zofuzo yilawo athinta ukwakheka kwe-hemoglobin, ebizwa nangokuthi i-hemoglobinopathies:

• I-Sickle cell anemia: yisifo sofuzo nesofuzo lapho umzimba ukhiqiza khona ama-hemoglobin anesakhiwo esishintshiwe, ngakho-ke, kuvela amaseli egazi abomvu angasebenzi kahle, angaba ngesikela, avimbele ikhono lawo lokuthwala umoya-mpilo egazini. Bheka izimpawu nokwelashwa kwe-sickle cell anemia.
• Thalassemia: futhi yisifo sofuzo esidala ushintsho kuma-protein akha i-hemoglobin, akha amangqamuzana abomvu egazi abhujiswa egazini. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-thalassemia, ezinobunzima obuhlukahlukene, funda kabanzi ngokuthi ungayibona kanjani i-thalassemia.

Yize lokhu kwaziwa kakhulu, kunamakhulu amanye amaphutha ku-hemoglobin angaholela ekushoneni kwegazi, njenge-methaemoglobinemia, ama-hemoglobin angazinzile noma ukuphikelela kwefa le-hemoglobin ye-fetus, ngokwesibonelo, okutholakala ngokuhlolwa kofuzo okukhonjiswe ngudokotela wezifo zezitho zegazi.

5. Izifo ezizimele

I-autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHAI) yisifo se-immunological, esivela lapho umzimba ukhiqiza amasosha omzimba ahlasela amangqamuzana abomvu egazi uqobo.

Yize kungakaziwa izimbangela zayo ngqo, kuyaziwa ukuthi zingancishiswa ezinye izimo zezempilo, ezinjengokutheleleka ngegciwane, ubukhona bezinye izifo zomzimba noma izicubu, isibonelo. Lolu hlobo lwe-anemia aluvamisile ukuzalwa njengefa futhi aludluliseki lusuka komunye umuntu luye komunye.

Ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ukulawula amasosha omzimba, njenge-corticosteroids kanye ne-immunosuppressants. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungabona kanjani futhi welaphe i-autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

6. Izifo ezingalapheki

Izifo ezingamahlalakhona, okuyizo ezingahlala izinyanga eziningi noma iminyaka ekusebenzeni, njengesifo sofuba, isifo samathambo, imfiva ye-rheumatic, i-osteomyelitis, isifo sikaCrohn noma i-myeloma eminingi, isibonelo, kubangela ukusabela kokuvuvukala emzimbeni okungaholela ekushoneni kwegazi , ngenxa yokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nezinguquko ekukhiqizeni amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezidala ushintsho kumahomoni ashukumisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu nazo zingaba yimbangela yokushoda kwegazi, kufaka phakathi i-hypothyroidism, kwehliswe ama-androgens noma kwehle amazinga e-hormone erythropoietin, engancishiswa ezifweni zezinso.

Lolu hlobo loguquko aluvamisile ukubanga ukushoda kwegazi okunzima, futhi lungaxazululwa ngokwelapha isifo esidale ukuthi kube ne-anemia.

7. Ezinye izimbangela

I-anemia nayo ingavela ngenxa yokutheleleka, njengokutheleleka ngegciwane noma ibhaktheriya, futhi ingavela ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile, njengemithi elwa nokuvuvukala, ama-antibiotics noma ama-anticoagulants, noma isenzo sezinto ezinjengotshwala obuningi noma i-benzene, isibonelo. isibonelo.

Ukukhulelwa kungadala i-anemia, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuthola isisindo nokwanda koketshezi ekusakazeni kwegazi, okunciphisa igazi.

Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi i-anemia

I-anemia ingahle isolwe lapho izimpawu ezinjenge:

• Ukukhathala ngokweqile;
• Ukulala kakhulu;
• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile;
• Ukungabi namandla;
• Ukuzwa ukuphefumula okuncane;
• Izandla nezinyawo ezibandayo.

Ukwazi ingozi yokuba ne-anemia, vele uhlole izimpawu ozibonisayo esivivinyweni esilandelayo:

1. 1. Ukungabi namandla nokukhathala ngokweqile
2. 2. Isikhumba esiphaphathekile
3. 3. Ukungabi nokuzimisela kanye nomkhiqizo ophansi
4. 4. Ukuphathwa ikhanda njalo
5. 5. Ukucasuka okulula
6. 6. Isifiso esingachazeki sokudla okuthile okuxakile njengezitini noma ubumba
7. 7. Ukulahleka kwememori noma ubunzima bokugxila

Kodwa-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-anemia kuyadingeka ukuthi uye kudokotela wenze ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga e-hemoglobin, okumele abe ngaphezu kwe-13% kwabesilisa, i-12% kwabesifazane ne-11% kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kusuka kwikota yesibili. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlolwa okuqinisekisa i-anemia.

Uma amanani we-hemoglobin wokuhlolwa kwegazi engaphansi kokujwayelekile, lowo muntu ubhekwa njenge-anemia. Kodwa-ke, okunye ukuhlolwa kungadingeka ukuthola imbangela bese uqala ukwelashwa, ikakhulukazi uma singekho isizathu esibonakalayo sokuqala kwegazi.