I-Open-Angle Glaucoma

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• I-glaucoma evulekile- evaliwe
• Umehluko ekoneni
• Izimpawu ze-glaucoma evulekile
• Izimbangela ze-glaucoma evulekile
• Izici zobungozi
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-glaucoma evulekile
• Ukwelashwa kwe-glaucoma evulekile
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha
• I-Outlook ye-glaucoma evulekile
• Ukuvimbela i-glaucoma evulekile

Ukubuka konke

I-open-angle glaucoma uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-glaucoma. I-Glaucoma yisifo esilimaza i-optic nerve yakho futhi singaholela ekunciphiseni kombono ngisho nokungaboni.

I-glaucoma ithinta ngaphezu komhlaba wonke. Yimbangela ehamba phambili yobumpumputhe obungalungiseki.

I-glaucoma evaliwe (noma i-angle-closure) yakhiwe ngamacala e-glaucoma e-United States. Imvamisa ibucayi kakhulu kune-glaucoma evulekile.

Zombili lezi zimo zibandakanya ushintsho esweni oluvimbela amanzi afanele oketshezi. Lokhu kuholela ekwakhiweni kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kweso, okulimaza kancane kancane imizwa yakho ye-optic.

I-glaucoma ayikwazi ukwelashwa. Kepha ngokuxilongwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi, amacala amaningi we-glaucoma angalawulwa ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukuthi siqhubekele phambili silimaze umbono.

I-glaucoma kaningi ayibonisi zimpawu ngaphambi kokuba idale umonakalo kumbono wakho. Lesi esinye sezizathu kubalulekile ukuthi ube nokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile okuhlolela i-glaucoma.

I-glaucoma evulekile- evaliwe

Ingxenye engaphambili yeso lakho, phakathi kwe-cornea nelensi, igcwele uketshezi olunamanzi olubizwa ngokuthi amahlaya aqueous. Amahlaya aqueous:

• igcina ukwakheka okuyindilinga kweso
• wondla izakhiwo zangaphakathi zeso

Amahlaya amasha ahlala akhiqizwa abese ekhishwa esweni. Ukugcina ingcindezi efanele ngaphakathi kweso, inani elikhiqiziwe kanye nenani elikhishiwe kufanele ligcinwe lilinganisiwe.

I-glaucoma ifaka ukulimala ezakhiweni ezivumela amahlaya anamandla ukuphuma. Kunezitolo ezimbili zokukhipha amahlaya aqueous:

• meshwork trabecular
• ukuphuma kwe-uveoscleral

Zombili lezi zinhlaka ziseduze ngaphambili kweso, ngemuva kwe-cornea.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-glaucoma evulekileyo ne-angle evaliwe kuncike ekutheni iyiphi kulezi zindlela ezimbili zokuhambisa amanzi eyonakele.

Ku- i-glaucoma evulekile, i-meshwork ye-trabecular inikeza ukwanda kokumelana nokuphuma kuketshezi. Lokhu kudala ingcindezi yokwakha ngaphakathi kweso lakho.

Ku- i-glaucoma evaliwe, kokubili ukukhishwa kwe-uveoscleral kanye ne-meshwork ye-trabecular kuyavalwa. Imvamisa, lokhu kubangelwa i-iris eyonakele (ingxenye enemibala yeso) evimba indawo.

Ukuvalwa kwanoma iyiphi yalezi zitolo kuholela ekwandeni kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kweso lakho. Ingcindezi yoketshezi ngaphakathi kweso lakho yaziwa ngokuthi ingcindezi ye-intraocular (IOP).

Umehluko ekoneni

I-engeli yohlobo lwe-glaucoma ibhekisa ku-engela eyenziwe yi-iris nge-cornea.

Ku-glaucoma evulekile, i-iris isendaweni efanele, futhi imisele yamanzi e-uveoscleral icacile. Kodwa i-meshwork ye-trabecular ayikhiphi kahle.

Ku-glaucoma evaliwe, i-iris icindezelwe i-cornea, ivimbe imisele ye-uveoscleral kanye ne-meshwork trabecular.

Izimpawu ze-glaucoma evulekile

I-glaucoma ezigabeni zokuqala imvamisa ayivezi zimpawu.Ukulimala kumbono wakho kungenzeka ngaphambi kokuthi wazi. Lapho kuvela izimpawu, zingabandakanya:

• ukunciphisa umbono nokulahleka kombono wangaphandle
• i-cornea evuvukile noma eqhumayo
• ukwehliswa komfundi ngosayizi ophakathi ongashintshi ngokukhanya okwandayo noma okunciphayo
• ububomvu kokumhlophe kweso
• isicanucanu

Lezi zimpawu zivele ikakhulu ezimweni ezibucayi ze-glaucoma evaliwe kodwa zingabonakala nakwi-glaucoma evulekile. Khumbula, ukungabikho kwezimpawu akubona ubufakazi bokuthi awunayo i-glaucoma.

Izimbangela ze-glaucoma evulekile

I-glaucoma yenzeka lapho ukuvinjelwa kwezindawo zokuhambisa amanzi ezihlekisayo ezinamandla kubangela ingcindezi esweni ukuba yakhe. Umfutho ophakeme uketshezi ungalimaza i-optic nerve. Yilapho ingxenye yomthambo obizwa nge-retina ganglion ingena ngemuva esweni lakho.

Akuqondakali kahle ukuthi kungani abanye abantu bethola i-glaucoma kanti abanye abayitholi. Kutholakale ezinye izici zofuzo, kepha lezi zibangela wonke amacala e-glaucoma.

I-glaucoma nayo ingabangelwa ukuhlukumezeka kweso. Lokhu kubizwa nge-glaucoma yesibili.

Izici zobungozi

I-open-angle glaucoma imele amacala e-glaucoma e-United States. Izici zobungozi zifaka:

• ukuguga (isifundo esisodwa sakhombisa ukuthi i-open-angle glaucoma ithinta amaphesenti ayi-10 alabo abadala kunamaphesenti angama-75 no-2 alabo abadala kuneminyaka engama-40)
• umlando womndeni we-glaucoma
• Ukhokho lwase-Afrika
• ukubona eduze
• phezulu IOP
• umfutho wegazi ophansi (kodwa ukukhuphula umfutho wegazi kunezinye izingozi)
• ukusetshenziswa kwama-corticosteroids aphezulu
• ukuvuvukala
• isimila

Ukuxilongwa kwe-glaucoma evulekile

IOP ephezulu ingahambisana ne-glaucoma, kodwa akusona isibonakaliso esiqinisekile. Eqinisweni, kubantu abane-glaucoma bane-IOP ejwayelekile.

Ukunquma ukuthi unayo yini i-glaucoma, udinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwamehlo ngamehlo evulekile. Ezinye zezivivinyo udokotela wakho azokusebenzisa yilezi:

• Amandla okubukaisivivinyo ngeshadi lamehlo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwenkambu ebonakalayo ukuhlola umbono wakho wangaphandle. Lokhu kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kepha amaseli amaningi kumaseli we-retinal ganglion angalahleka ngaphambi kokuba ukulahleka kubonakale esivivinyweni senkambu ebonakalayo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okukhanyisiwe. Lokhu kungaba isivivinyo esibaluleke kunazo zonke. Amaconsi asetshenziselwa ukukhulisa (ukuvula) abafundi bakho ukuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi abone kwi-retina kanye ne-optic nerve ngemuva kweso. Bazosebenzisa insimbi ekhethekile ebizwa nge-ophthalmoscope. Le nqubo ayibuhlungu, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi ufiphalisile ukubona nokuzwela ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo amahora ambalwa.

• Ukwelashwa kwe-glaucoma evulekile

  Ukwehlisa ingcindezi yoketshezi ngaphakathi kweso lakho ukuphela kwendlela efakazelwe yokwelapha i-glaucoma. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuqala ngamaconsi, okwaziwa njengamaconsi e-hypotensive, ukusiza ukunciphisa ingcindezi.

  Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa amazinga akho okucindezela kwangaphambili (uma akhona) ukunquma ingcindezi eqondisiwe yokwelapha i-glaucoma yakho kahle. Ngokuvamile, bazohlose ukuthola ingcindezi njengenhloso yokuqala. Okuqondiwe kuzokwehliswa uma umbono wakho uqhubeka nokuba mubi noma uma udokotela wakho ebona izinguquko kwi-optic nerve.

  Ulayini wokuqala wezidakamizwa ezehlisa ingcindezi ama-analogs e-prostaglandin. Ama-Prostaglandins angama-acid anamafutha atholakala cishe kuzo zonke izicubu zomzimba. Benza ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi noketshezi lomzimba nokwenza ngcono ukugeleza kwamahlaya aqueous ngokusebenzisa indawo ye-uveoscleral. Lezi zithathwa kanye ebusuku.

  Ama-Prostaglandins anemiphumela emibi embalwa, kepha angadala:

  • ukunwebeka nokwenza mnyama izinkophe
  • amehlo abomvu noma abomvu njengegazi
  • ukulahleka kwamafutha asemehlweni (amafutha angaphansi)
  • mnyama kwe-iris noma isikhumba esiseduze kweso

  Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa njengomugqa wesibili wezokuvikela zifaka:

  • i-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
  • beta-blocker
  • alpha agonists
  • ama-agonists we-cholinergic

  Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha

  • I-laser trabeculoplasty ekhethiwe (SLT). Le yinqubo yehhovisi lapho i-laser ibhekiswe kwimeshwork yethrabecular ukwenza ngcono i-drainage nokucindezela kwamehlo okuphansi. Ngokwesilinganiso, inganciphisa ingcindezi ngamaphesenti angama-20 kuye kwangama-30. Iphumelele cishe kubantu abangamaphesenti angama-80. Umphumela uhlala kusukela eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu futhi ungaphindwa. I-SLT ishintsha ama-eyedrops kwezinye izimo.

  • I-Outlook ye-glaucoma evulekile

    Alikho ikhambi le-open-angle glaucoma, kepha ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kungakusiza ukuthi ugweme izingozi eziningi zokulahleka kombono.

    Ngisho nokwelashwa okusha kwe-laser nokuhlinzwa, i-glaucoma idinga ukuqapha impilo yonke. Kepha ama-eyedrops kanye nokwelashwa okusha kwe-laser kungenza ukuphathwa kwe-glaucoma kube yinto ejwayelekile.

    Ukuvimbela i-glaucoma evulekile

    Ukubona udokotela wamehlo kanye ngonyaka ukuvikela okungcono kakhulu kwe-glaucoma evulekile. Lapho i-glaucoma itholakala kusenesikhathi, imiphumela emibi eminingi ingagwenywa.

    I-open-angle glaucoma ayikhombisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala, ngakho ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kuyindlela kuphela yokuthola ukuthi iyakhula yini. Kungcono ukuthi uhlolwe iso nge-ophthalmoscope kanye ne-dilation okwenziwa kanye ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi uma ungaphezu kweminyaka engama-40.

    Ngenkathi ukudla okuhle nesitayela sokuphila okunempilo kunganikeza ukuvikelwa okuthile, akusona isiqinisekiso sokulwa ne-glaucoma.