Umdlavuza Womlomo

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zomdlavuza womlomo
• Izici zobungozi zokuba nomdlavuza womlomo
• Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo?
• Utholakala kanjani umdlavuza womlomo?
• Ziyini izigaba zomdlavuza womlomo?
• Welashwa kanjani umdlavuza womlomo?
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe
• Ukudla okunomsoco
• Ukugcina umlomo wakho uphilile
• Ukululama ekwelashweni komdlavuza womlomo
• Ukwakhiwa kabusha nokuvuselelwa ngemuva kokwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo
• Umbono

Ukubuka konke

Umdlavuza womlomo ngumdlavuza ovela ezicutshini zomlomo noma zomphimbo. Kungeqembu elikhulu lomdlavuza elibizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Iningi likhula kumaseli abucayi atholakala emlonyeni wakho, olimini nasezindebeni zakho.

Ngaphezulu kwezifo ezingama-49,000 zomdlavuza womlomo ezitholakala unyaka ngamunye e-United States, ezenzeka kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40 ubudala. Umdlavuza womlomo uvame ukutholakala ngemuva kokuba ususabalalise kuma-lymph node entanyeni. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo sokusinda kumdlavuza womlomo. Funda mayelana nokuthi yini ephakamisa ubungozi bakho, izigaba zayo, nokuningi.

Izinhlobo zomdlavuza womlomo

Amagciwane omlomo afaka umdlavuza we:

• izindebe
• ulimi
• ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwesihlathi
• izinsini
• phansi komlomo
• ulwanga oluqinile noluthambile

Udokotela wamazinyo wakho uvame ukuba ngumhlinzeki wokuqala wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukubona izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo. Ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo kabili ngonyaka kungagcina udokotela wamazinyo wakho usesikhathini ngempilo yomlomo wakho.

Izici zobungozi zokuba nomdlavuza womlomo

Esinye sezici eziyingozi kakhulu zomdlavuza womlomo ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubhema osikilidi, izigazu, namapayipi, kanye nogwayi ohlafunwayo.

Abantu abadla kakhulu utshwala nogwayi basengozini enkulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma yomibili le mikhiqizo isetshenziswa njalo.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zifaka:

• ukutheleleka kwe-human papillomavirus (HPV)
• ukukhanya kwelanga ebusweni okungapheli
• ukuxilongwa kwangaphambilini komdlavuza womlomo
• umlando womndeni womlomo noma ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza
• amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• ukungondleki kahle
• syndromes zofuzo
• ukuba ngowesilisa

Abesilisa banamathuba aphindwe kabili okuthola umdlavuza womlomo kunabesifazane.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo?

Izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo zifaka:

• isilonda emlonyeni noma emlonyeni wakho esingapholi
• isisindo noma ukukhula noma kuphi emlonyeni wakho
• ukopha emlonyeni
• amazinyo axegayo
• ubuhlungu noma ubunzima bokugwinya
• unenkinga yokugqoka amazinyo okufakelwa
• isigaxa entanyeni yakho
• indlebe engeke isuke
• ukuncipha komzimba okukhulu
• umlomo ophansi, ubuso, intamo, noma isilevu
• okumhlophe, okubomvu nokumhlophe, noma amabala abomvu emlonyeni noma ezindebeni zakho
• umphimbo obuhlungu
• ubuhlungu bomhlathi noma ukuqina
• ubuhlungu bolimi

Ezinye zalezi zimpawu, ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu noma indlebe, zingakhombisa ezinye izimo. Kodwa-ke, uma ubona noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma zingapheli noma uneziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, vakashela udokotela wamazinyo noma udokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Thola ukuthi umdlavuza womlomo ubukeka kanjani lapha.

Utholakala kanjani umdlavuza womlomo?

Okokuqala, udokotela wakho noma udokotela wamazinyo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Lokhu kufaka hlangana ukuhlolisisa uphahla naphansi komlomo wakho, ngemuva komphimbo wakho, ulimi, kanye nezihlathi, kanye nezakhi zomzimba entanyeni yakho. Uma udokotela wakho engakwazi ukunquma ukuthi kungani unezimpawu zakho, ungathunyelwa kuchwepheshe wendlebe, ikhala, nomphimbo (ENT).

Uma udokotela wakho ethola noma yiziphi izimila, ukukhula, noma izilonda ezisolisayo, bazokwenza i-brush biopsy noma i-tissue biopsy. I-brush biopsy isivivinyo esingenabuhlungu esiqoqa amaseli ku-tumor ngokuwaxubha kwisilayidi. I-biopsy yezicubu ifaka phakathi ukususa isiqeshana sezicubu ukuze ihlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu samaseli anomdlavuza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angenza isivivinyo esisodwa noma eziningi ezilandelayo:

• Ama-X-ray ukubona ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asabalele yini emhlathini, esifubeni noma emaphashini
• i-CT scan ukuveza noma yiziphi izimila emlonyeni wakho, emphinjeni, entanyeni, emaphashini, noma kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho
• ukuskena kwe-PET ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza usuhambile waya kuma-lymph node noma kwezinye izitho
• i-MRI scan ukukhombisa isithombe esinembe kakhudlwana sekhanda nentamo, bese kunqunywa ubukhulu noma isigaba somdlavuza
• i-endoscopy yokuhlola izindinyana zamakhala, amasinusi, umphimbo wangaphakathi, i-windpipe, ne-trachea

Ziyini izigaba zomdlavuza womlomo?

Kunezigaba ezine zomdlavuza womlomo.

• Isigaba 1: Isimila singamasentimitha ama-2 (cm) noma sincane, kanti umdlavuza awusabalalanga kuma-lymph node.
• Isigaba 2: Isimila siphakathi kuka-2-4 cm, futhi amangqamuzana omdlavuza awakasakazeki kuma-lymph node.
• Isigaba 3: Isimila kungenzeka sibe sikhulu kuno-4 cm futhi asisakazekanga kuma-lymph node, noma sinanoma yisiphi isayizi futhi sisabalalele ku-lymph node eyodwa, kodwa hhayi kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• Isigaba 4: Izicubu zinoma iluphi usayizi futhi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asabalalele ezicutshini eziseduze, kuma-lymph node, noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ngokusho kweNational Cancer Institute, amazinga okusinda yeminyaka emihlanu yomdlavuza womlomo nomlomo wepharynx imi kanje:

• Amaphesenti angama-83, ngomdlavuza wasendaweni (ongakasakazeki)
• Amaphesenti angama-64, ngomdlavuza osakazekela kuma-lymph node aseduze
• Amaphesenti angama-38, ngomdlavuza osakazekele kwezinye izitho zomzimba

Sekukonke, amaphesenti angama-60 abo bonke abantu abanomdlavuza womlomo bazophila iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu. Esikhathini sokuqala isigaba sokuxilongwa, sandisa amathuba okusinda ngemuva kokwelashwa. Eqinisweni, isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda kulabo abanomdlavuza womlomo wesigaba 1 no-2 ngokuvamile singamaphesenti angama-70 kuye kwangama-90. Lokhu kwenza ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu.

Welashwa kanjani umdlavuza womlomo?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo kuzohluka ngokuya ngohlobo, indawo, nesigaba somdlavuza lapho uxilongwa.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukwelashwa kwezigaba zokuqala kuvame ukuhilela ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila kanye nama-lymph node anomdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izicubu ezizungeze umlomo nentamo zingakhishwa.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungenye indlela. Lokhu kufaka udokotela ohlose imishayo yemisebe ku-tumor kanye noma kabili ngosuku, izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto, amasonto amabili kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Ukwelashwa kwezigaba ezithuthukile kuzofaka inhlanganisela yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy iyindlela yokwelapha enezidakamizwa ezibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Umuthi uwunikezwa ngomlomo noma ngomugqa ofakwa emthanjeni (IV). Iningi labantu lithola i-chemotherapy ngokugula, yize abanye bedinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela.

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kungenye indlela yokwelashwa. Kungasebenza kuzo zombili izigaba zomdlavuza. Imithi yokwelashwa ehlosiwe izobopha amaprotheni athile kumaseli womdlavuza futhi iphazamise ukukhula kwawo.

Ukudla okunomsoco

Ukudla okunomsoco futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo. Imithi eminingi yenza kube nzima noma kube buhlungu ukuyidla nokuyigwinya, kanti nokudla okungekuhle nokuncipha kwesisindo kuvamile. Qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa nodokotela wakho ngokudla kwakho.

Ukuthola izeluleko zesazi sokudla kungakusiza ukuthi uhlele imenyu yokudla ezoba mnene emlonyeni nasemphinjeni, futhi izonikeza umzimba wakho ama-calories, amavithamini, namaminerali okudingayo ukuphola.

Ukugcina umlomo wakho uphilile

Ekugcineni, ukugcina umlomo wakho uphilile ngesikhathi sokwelapha umdlavuza yingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa. Qiniseka ukuthi ugcina umlomo wakho umanzi futhi amazinyo akho nezinsini zakho kuhlanzekile.

Ukululama ekwelashweni komdlavuza womlomo

Ukululama kohlobo ngalunye lwezokwelapha kuzohluka. Izimpawu ze-Posturgery zingabandakanya ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala, kepha ukususa izicubu ezincane ngokuvamile akunazinkinga ezihambisana nesikhathi eside.

Ukususwa kwezimila ezinkudlwana kungathinta ikhono lakho lokuhlafuna, ukugwinya, noma ukukhuluma njengoba wenza ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Ungadinga futhi ukuhlinzwa okwakha kabusha ukwakha amathambo nezicubu ebusweni bakho zisuswe ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungaba nomthelela omubi emzimbeni. Eminye yemiphumela emibi yemisebe ifaka phakathi:

• umphimbo noma umlomo
• umlomo owomile nokulahlekelwa umsebenzi wendlala yamathe
• ukubola kwamazinyo
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• izinsini ezibuhlungu noma ezophayo
• izifo zesikhumba nomlomo
• ukuqina komhlathi nobuhlungu
• izinkinga zokugqoka amazinyo okufakelwa
• ukukhathala
• ushintsho emandleni akho okunambitha nephunga
• izinguquko esikhunjeni sakho, kufaka ukoma nokusha
• ukuncipha komzimba
• izinguquko ze-thyroid

Izidakamizwa ze-Chemotherapy zingaba nobuthi kumaseli akhula ngokushesha angenalo umdlavuza. Lokhu kungadala imiphumela emibi efana nale:

• ukulahleka kwezinwele
• umlomo nezinsini ezibuhlungu
• ukopha emlonyeni
• i-anemia enamandla
• ubuthakathaka
• ukungathandi ukudla
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• isifo sohudo
• izilonda zomlomo nezomlomo
• ukuba ndikindiki ezandleni nasezinyaweni

Ukululama emithini yokwelashwa okuqondisiwe kuvamise ukuba kuncane. Imiphumela emibi yalokhu kwelashwa ingafaka:

• imfiva
• ikhanda
• ukuhlanza
• isifo sohudo
• ukusabela okweqile
• ukuqubuka kwesikhumba

Yize lezi zindlela zokwelapha zinemiphumela engemihle, zivame ukudingeka ekushayeni umdlavuza. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngemiphumela emibi futhi akusize ulinganise ubuhle nobubi bezinketho zakho zokwelashwa.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha nokuvuselelwa ngemuva kokwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo

Abantu abatholakala benomdlavuza womlomo osezingeni eliphezulu bazodinga ukuhlinzekwa kabusha kanye nokuvuselelwa ukuze basize ngokudla nokukhuluma ngesikhathi sokululama.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha kungabandakanya ukufakelwa kwamazinyo noma ubuciko bokulungisa amathambo nezicubu ezingekho emlonyeni noma ebusweni. Ulwanga lwangempela lusetshenziselwa ukumiselela noma iziphi izicubu noma amazinyo angekho.

Ukuvuselelwa nakho kuyadingeka ezimweni zomdlavuza osezingeni eliphezulu. Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kunganikezwa kusukela ngesikhathi uphuma ekuhlinzweni uze ufinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu lokuthuthuka.

Umbono

Umbono womdlavuza womlomo uncike ohlotsheni oluthile kanye nesigaba somdlavuza lapho uxilongwa. Kuya futhi ngempilo yakho ejwayelekile, iminyaka yakho, nokubekezelela kwakho nokuphendula ekwelashweni. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ngoba ukwelapha isigaba sokuqala somdlavuza nesigaba 2 kungahle kungabandakanyeki kakhulu futhi kube nethuba eliphakeme lokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Ngemuva kokwelashwa, udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuthi uhlolwe njalo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uyalulama. Ukuhlolwa kwakho kuzoba nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ama-X-ray, nokuhlolwa kwe-CT. Qiniseka ukuthi ulandelela udokotela wamazinyo noma i-oncologist uma ubona okuthile okungajwayelekile.