Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Ngomdlavuza We-Pancreatic

-Delile

• Izimpawu zomdlavuza wePancreatic
• Umdlavuza wepancreatic ubangela
• Izinga lokusinda komdlavuza wepancreatic
• Izigaba zomdlavuza wepancreatic
• Isigaba somdlavuza wepancreatic 4
• Isigaba somdlavuza wepancreatic 3
• Isigaba somdlavuza wepancreatic 2
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wepancreatic
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe
• Ukubikezelwa komdlavuza wePancreatic
• Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza we-Pancreatic
• Isikhathi sokuphila somdlavuza wePancreatic
• Ingabe umdlavuza we-pancreatic uyelapheka?
• Izici zomdlavuza wepancreatic
• Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wepancreatic
• Izinhlobo zomdlavuza wepancreatic
• I-Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
• Izidumba zePancreatic neuroendocrine (NETs)
• Ukuvimbela umdlavuza wePancreatic

Uyini umdlavuza we-pancreatic?

Umdlavuza wepancreatic uvela ngaphakathi kwezicubu zomanyikwe, okuyisitho esibalulekile se-endocrine esisemuva kwesisu. Ama-pancreas adlala indima ebalulekile ekugayweni komzimba ngokukhiqiza ama-enzyme umzimba odinga ukugaya amafutha, ama-carbohydrate, namaprotheni.

Ama-pancreas abuye akhiqize ama-hormone amabili abalulekile: i-glucagon ne-insulin. Lawa mahomoni anesibopho sokulawula i-glucose (ushukela) imetabolism. I-insulin isiza amaseli ukuthi agaye ushukela ukwenza amandla kanye ne-glucagon kusiza ukukhuphula amazinga e-glucose uma ephansi kakhulu.

Ngenxa yokutholakala kwamanyikwe, umdlavuza wepancreatic kungaba nzima ukuwuthola futhi uvame ukutholakala ngezigaba ezithuthuke kakhulu zesifo.

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, umdlavuza we-pancreatic wakha cishe amaphesenti ama-3 okuxilongwa umdlavuza e-United States namaphesenti ayi-7 okufa komdlavuza.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wePancreatic

Umdlavuza wepancreatic kaningi awukhombisi zimpawu uze ufike ezigabeni ezithuthukile zesifo. Ngalesi sizathu, ngokujwayelekile azikho izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza we-pancreatic.

Ngisho noma umdlavuza usukhulile, ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu zingaba ezicashile. Kubandakanya:

• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• ukuncipha kwesisindo ngokungenhloso
• isisu (isisu) noma izinhlungu ezisezingeni eliphansi
• amahlule egazi
• i-jaundice (isikhumba esiphuzi namehlo)
• ukudana

Umdlavuza wepancreatic osakazekayo ungazilimaza kakhulu izimpawu ezikhona. Uma umdlavuza usakazeka, ungathola izimpawu nezimpawu ezengeziwe zomdlavuza we-pancreatic osezingeni eliphakeme.

Umdlavuza wepancreatic ubangela

Imbangela yomdlavuza wepancreatic ayaziwa. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana angajwayelekile eqala ukukhula ngaphakathi kwamanyikwe bese enza izicubu.

Imvamisa, amaseli aphilile akhula futhi afe ngamanani alinganiselayo. Endabeni yomdlavuza, kunenani elikhuphukile lokukhiqizwa kwamaseli ngokungajwayelekile, futhi lawa maseli ekugcineni athatha amaseli aphilile.

Ngenkathi odokotela nabacwaningi bengazi ukuthi yini ebangela ushintsho kumaseli, bayazi ezinye zezinto ezivamile ezingakhuphula ubungozi bomuntu bokuthuthukisa lolu hlobo lomdlavuza.

Izici ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu zobungozi ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo nokutholwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Izakhi zofuzo zilawula indlela amaseli asebenza ngayo, ngakho-ke ushintsho kulezo zofuzo lungaholela kumdlavuza.

Izinga lokusinda komdlavuza wepancreatic

Izinga lokusinda liyiphesenti lokuthi bangaki abantu abanohlobo olufanayo nesigaba somdlavuza abasaphila ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile. Le nombolo ayikhombisi ukuthi abantu bangahlala isikhathi esingakanani. Esikhundleni salokho, kusiza ukulinganisa ukuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza kungaba yimpumelelo kangakanani.

Amanani amaningi okusinda anikezwa njengephesenti leminyaka emihlanu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amazinga okusinda awachazi. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nalezi zinombolo, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lomdlavuza we-pancreatic wendawo ngamaphesenti angama-34. Umdlavuza we-pancreatic owenziwe endaweni yizigaba 0, 1, no-2.

Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lomdlavuza wesifunda i-pancreatic osabalalele ezakhiweni eziseduze noma kuma-lymph node ngamaphesenti ayi-12. Izigaba 2B no-3 zingena kulesi sigaba.

Umdlavuza we-pancreatic okude, noma umdlavuza wesigaba sesine osakazekele kwamanye amasayithi njengamaphaphu, isibindi, noma amathambo, unezinga lokusinda elingamaphesenti amathathu.

Izigaba zomdlavuza wepancreatic

Lapho kutholakala umdlavuza we-pancreatic, odokotela kungenzeka benze izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuqonda ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze noma kuphi. Ukufanekisa izivivinyo, njengokuhlolwa kwe-PET, kusiza odokotela ukubona ubukhona bokukhula komdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungasetshenziswa futhi.

Ngalezi zivivinyo, odokotela bazama ukusungula isigaba somdlavuza. Isiteji sisiza ukuchaza ukuthi umdlavuza uthuthuke kangakanani. Kuyasiza nodokotela ukunquma izindlela zokwelashwa.

Lapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa, udokotela wakho uzokwabela isigaba ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa:

• isigaba 1: izimila zikhona kumanyikwe kuphela
• isigaba 2: izimila zisabalalele ezicutshini zesisu eziseduze noma kuma-lymph node
• isigaba sesithathu: umdlavuza ususabalalise nasemithanjeni emikhulu yegazi nakuma-lymph node
• isigaba 4: izimila zisabalalele kwezinye izitho, njengesibindi

Isigaba somdlavuza wepancreatic 4

Umdlavuza wepancreatic weSigaba 4 usabalale wadlulela ngaphesheya kwesiza sokuqala waya kumasayithi akude, njengezinye izitho, ubuchopho, noma amathambo.

Umdlavuza wepancreatic uvame ukutholakala ngalesi sikhathi sekwephuzile ngoba kuyaqabukela kubangele izimpawu uze usabalale kwezinye izingosi. Izimpawu ongazithola kulesi sigaba esithuthukile zifaka:

• ubuhlungu esiswini esingenhla
• ubuhlungu emhlane
• ukukhathala
• i-jaundice (ukuphuzi kwesikhumba)
• ukungathandi ukudla
• ukuncipha komzimba
• ukudana

Umdlavuza wepancreatic weSigaba 4 awungeke welapheke, kepha ukwelashwa kungadambisa izimpawu futhi kuvimbele izinkinga ezivela kulo mdlavuza. Lezi zindlela zokwelashwa zingabandakanya:

• ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• izindlela zokwelapha ubuhlungu
• ukuhlinzwa kwe-bile duct
• i-bile dent stent
• ukuhlinzwa okudlula esiswini

Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lomdlavuza wepancreatic wesigaba 4 lingamaphesenti ama-3.

Isigaba somdlavuza wepancreatic 3

Isigaba 3 Umdlavuza wepancreatic yisimila emanyikwe mhlawumbe namasayithi aseduze, njengama-lymph node noma imithambo yegazi. Umdlavuza wepancreatic kulesi sigaba awusabalalanga ezindaweni ezikude.

Umdlavuza wepancreatic ubizwa ngokuthi ngumdlavuza othulile ngoba imvamisa awutholakali uze ufike ezingeni eliphezulu. Uma unezimpawu zesigaba 3 somdlavuza wepancreatic, ungahlangabezana:

• ubuhlungu emhlane
• ubuhlungu noma isisa esiswini esingenhla
• ukungathandi ukudla
• ukuncipha komzimba
• ukukhathala
• ukudana

Umdlavuza wepancreatic wesigaba 3 kunzima ukuwelapha, kepha ukwelashwa kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala komdlavuza futhi kwehlise nezimpawu ezibangelwa isimila. Lezi zindlela zokwelashwa zingabandakanya:

• ukuhlinzwa ukususa ingxenye yamanyikwe (inqubo ye-Whipple)
• imishanguzo elwa nomdlavuza
• ukwelashwa ngemisebe

Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lomdlavuza wepancreatic wesigaba 3 lingamaphesenti ama-3 kuye kwayi-12.

Iningi labantu abakulesi sigaba somdlavuza bazophindelela. Lokho kungenzeka kungenxa yokuthi ama-micrometastases, noma izindawo ezincane zokukhula komdlavuza ezingatholakali, zisabalale zadlula amanyikwe njengesikhathi sokutholwa.

Isigaba somdlavuza wepancreatic 2

Isigaba 2 Umdlavuza wepancreatic umdlavuza osala kumanyikwe futhi kungenzeka ukuthi usabalalele kuma-lymph node ambalwa aseduze. Akusakazekanga ezicutshini eziseduze noma emithanjeni yegazi, futhi ayizange isabalalele kumasayithi kwenye indawo emzimbeni.

Umdlavuza wepancreatic kunzima ukuwuthola ezigabeni zokuqala, kufaka phakathi isigaba 2. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi akunakwenzeka ukudala izimpawu ezitholakalayo. Uma unezimpawu kulesi sigaba sokuqala, ungahlangabezana:

• i-jaundice
• izinguquko kumbala womchamo
• ubuhlungu noma isisa esiswini esingenhla
• ukuncipha komzimba
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• ukukhathala

Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• ukuhlinzwa
• imisebe
• ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• izindlela zokwelashwa eziqondisiwe

Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa inhlanganisela yalezi zindlela ukusiza ukunciphisa isisu nokuvimbela ama-metastases. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu labantu abanomdlavuza wesigaba 2 we-pancreatic cishe lizingamaphesenti angama-30.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wepancreatic

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-pancreatic kuncike esigabeni somdlavuza. Inezinhloso ezimbili: ukubulala amaseli anomdlavuza nokuvimbela ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo.

Ukwehla kwesisindo, ukuvimbeleka kwamathumbu, ubuhlungu besisu, nokwehluleka kwesibindi kungezinye zezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ukwelashwa komdlavuza wepancreatic.

Ukuhlinzwa

Isinqumo sokusebenzisa ukuhlinzeka ukwelapha umdlavuza wepancreatic sehlela ezintweni ezimbili: indawo lapho umdlavuza ukhona kanye nesigaba somdlavuza. Ukuhlinzwa kungasusa konke noma ezinye izingxenye zamanyikwe.

Lokhu kungasusa isimila sokuqala, kepha ngeke kususe umdlavuza osusakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ukuhlinzwa kungahle kungalungeli abantu abanomdlavuza wesigaba esithuthukile se-pancreatic ngaleso sizathu.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa kufanele zihlolwe uma umdlavuza usakazeka ngaphandle kwamanyikwe. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kusebenzisa ama-X-ray nezinye izinsika ezinamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angahlanganisa ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, esebenzisa imithi yokubulala umdlavuza ukusiza ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesikhathi esizayo kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe

Lolu hlobo lokwelashwa komdlavuza lusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma ezinye izindlela ukukhomba ngqo amaseli womdlavuza bese usebenza ukuwaqeda. Le mithi yenzelwe ukuthi ingalimazi amaseli anempilo noma ajwayelekile.

Ukubikezelwa komdlavuza wePancreatic

Izinga lokusinda komdlavuza we-pancreatic belilokhu lithuthuka emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Ucwaningo kanye nokwelashwa okusha kukhulisa isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda sabantu abatholakala benomdlavuza we-pancreatic.

Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo kusathathwa njengesinzima ukuselapha. Ngoba umdlavuza we-pancreatic uqobo awubangeli zimpawu kuze kube yilapho umdlavuza usesigabeni esithuthukile, amathuba okuthi umdlavuza usakaze, noma we-metastasized, uphezulu. Lokho kwenza kube nzima ukwelapha noma ukuqeda umdlavuza.

Ukuhlanganisa ezinye izindlela nezindlela zokwelashwa zendabuko kungasiza ekwenzeni impilo yakho ibe ngcono. I-Yoga, ukuzindla, nokuvivinya umzimba okulula kungakhuthaza umuzwa wenhlalakahle futhi kukwenze uzizwe ungcono ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza we-Pancreatic

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okululama. Yingakho kungcono ukuvakashela udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingasuki noma eziphindaphindayo njalo.

Ukuze wenze ukuxilongwa, udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza izimpawu zakho nomlando wezokwelapha. Banga-oda ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma okuningi ukuhlola umdlavuza we-pancreatic, ofana nalokhu:

• I-CT noma i-MRI iskena ukuthola isithombe esiphelele nesinemininingwane yamanyikwe akho
• i-endoscopic ultrasound, lapho kufakwa khona ishubhu elincanyana, eliguquguqukayo elinekhamera enamathiselwe esiswini ukuthola izithombe zamanyikwe
• i-biopsy, noma isampula yezicubu, yamanyikwe
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola ukuthi ngabe umaki wesimila ukhona yini u-CA 19-9, ongakhombisa umdlavuza we-pancreatic

Isikhathi sokuphila somdlavuza wePancreatic

Umdlavuza wepancreatic ungenye yezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezibulala kakhulu - ngeshwa, iziguli eziningi azikutholi ukuxilongwa kuze kube sezisabalele ngaphandle kwamanyikwe. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu yazo zonke izigaba zomdlavuza wepancreatic lingamaphesenti ayi-9.

Ukulandela zonke izincomo zikadokotela wakho kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni amathuba akho okululama nokusinda. Ungase futhi ucabangele:

• i-enzyme ye-pancreatic inezela ukwenza ngcono ukugaya
• imithi yezinhlungu
• ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile okuqhubekayo, noma ngabe umdlavuza ususwe ngempumelelo

Ingabe umdlavuza we-pancreatic uyelapheka?

Umdlavuza wepancreatic uyelapheka, uma usheshe wabanjwa. Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlinzwa, inqubo ye-Whipple noma i-pancreatectomy, ingasusa ingxenye noma wonke amanyikwe. Lokhu kuzosusa isimila sokuqala somdlavuza.

Ngeshwa, iningi lomdlavuza we-pancreatic awutholakali futhi utholwe kuze kube yilapho umdlavuza usesigabeni esithuthukile futhi usakazeka ngaphesheya kwesiza sokuqala.

Ukuhlinzwa kungahle kungafaneleki ngasekupheleni komdlavuza we-pancreatic. Uma umdlavuza ususabalele nakwezinye izindawo zomzimba, ukususa isimila noma amanyikwe ngeke kukupholise. Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa kufanele zicatshangelwe.

Izici zomdlavuza wepancreatic

Yize imbangela yalolu hlobo lomdlavuza ingaziwa, kunezici ezithile zobungozi ezingakhuphula amathuba akho okuba nomdlavuza wepancreatic. Ungaba sengozini enkulu uma:

• ukubhema ugwayi - amaphesenti angama-30 amacala omdlavuza ahlobene nokubhema ugwayi
• zikhuluphele
• ungazivocavoci njalo
• udle ukudla okunamafutha amaningi
• uphuze utshwala obuningi
• unesifo sikashukela
• sebenza ngama-pesticides kanye namakhemikhali
• babe nokuvuvukala okungapheli kwamanyikwe
• ukulimala kwesibindi
• angama-Afrika-aseMelika
• unomlando womndeni womdlavuza we-pancreatic noma ezinye izifo zofuzo ezixhunyaniswe nalolu hlobo lomdlavuza

I-DNA yakho inethonya elikhulu empilweni yakho kanye nezimo ongazakha. Ungazuza ngezakhi zofuzo ezizokhulisa ubungozi bakho ngomdlavuza we-pancreatic.

Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wepancreatic

Uma isimila sihlala sigcinwa kumanyikwe, kunganconywa ukuhlinzwa. Ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela noma cha kusekelwe endaweni okuyiyo ngqo yomdlavuza.

Izimila ezivalelwe “ekhanda nasentanyeni” yamanyikwe zingasuswa ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi inqubo yeWhipple (pancreaticoduodenectomy).

Kule nqubo, kususwa ingxenye yokuqala, noma “ikhanda” lamanyikwe namaphesenti angaba ngu-20 “omzimba,” noma ingxenye yesibili. Ingxenye engezansi yomgudu wenyongo nengxenye yokuqala yamathumbu nayo iyasuswa.

Enguqulweni eguquliwe yalokhu kuhlinzwa, ingxenye yesisu nayo iyasuswa.

Izinhlobo zomdlavuza wepancreatic

Izinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza wepancreatic zikhona:

I-Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Cishe amaphesenti angama-95 omdlavuza we-pancreatic yi-pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza we-pancreatic lukhula kumaseli we-exocrine amanyikwe. Iningi lamaseli asemanyikwe yilawa maseli e-exocrine, enza ama-enzyme e-pancreatic noma akha imigudu ye-pancreatic.

Izidumba zePancreatic neuroendocrine (NETs)

Lolu hlobo olungajwayelekile lomdlavuza wepancreatic lutholakala kumaseli endocrine amanyikwe. Lawa maseli anesibopho sokwenza ama-hormone, kufaka phakathi lawo asiza ukuphatha ushukela wegazi.

Ukuvimbela umdlavuza wePancreatic

Abaphenyi nodokotela abakaqondi okwamanje ukuthi yini ebanga umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Lokho kusho nokuthi abazi izindlela ongazithatha ukuvikela umdlavuza wepancreatic.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezandisa amathuba okuthi uzoba nalo lolu hlobo lomdlavuza azikwazi ukuguqulwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ubulili bakho, ubudala, kanye ne-DNA.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinguquko zokuphila nezindlela zezempilo zizonke zinganciphisa ubungozi bakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Yeka ukubhema: Ukubhema kwandisa ubungozi bezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza, kufaka phakathi umdlavuza we-pancreatic.
• Phuza kancane: Ukuphuza ngokweqile kungakhuphula ingozi yokuba ne-pancreatitis engapheli kanye nomdlavuza we-pancreatic.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyisici esiholela engcupheni yezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza.