Ubhubhane: luyini, kungani kwenzeka nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze

-Delile

• Okufanele ukwenze ngesikhathi sobhadane
• Ubhadane olukhulu
• Yini evuna ukuvela kwemishayabhuqe?

Ubhadane lungachazwa njengesimo lapho isifo esithathelwanayo sisakazeka ngokushesha futhi singalawulwa ezindaweni eziningana, sifinyelele ezilinganisweni zomhlaba wonke, okungukuthi, asigcini nje kuphela edolobheni, esifundeni noma ezwenikazi elilodwa.

Izifo eziwumshayabhuqe ziyathelelana, zinokugudluka kalula, ziyathathelana kakhulu futhi zisakazeka ngokushesha.

Okufanele ukwenze ngesikhathi sobhadane

Ngesikhathi ubhadane ludingeka ukuphinda kabili ukunakekelwa obekuvele kusetshenziswa nsuku zonke, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kulo bhubhane inani labantu abanegciwane liphakeme kakhulu, elithanda ukusakazeka kwalo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuthintana nabantu abagulayo noma abakhombisa izimpawu noma izimpawu ezikhomba izifo ezithathelwanayo, gqoka izifihla-buso ezifanele ukugwema ukuvezwa umuthi othelelanayo, ukumboza umlomo namakhala lapho ukhwehlela noma uthimula futhi ugweme ukuthinta amehlo impumulo nemilomo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi ugeze izandla zakho njalo ukugwema ukutheleleka kanye nokutheleleka okuvela kwabanye abantu, ngoba izandla zakho ziyizindlela ezilula zokuthola nokudlulisa izifo.

Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi izincomo zeziphathimandla zezempilo, ukugwema ukuhamba nokungena ezindlini futhi nabantu abaningi ngesikhathi sobhadane, ngoba kulezi zimo kunethuba elikhulu lokudluliswa kwalesi sifo.

Ubhadane olukhulu

Ubhadane lwakamuva lwenzeka ngo-2009 futhi lwangenxa yokusabalala okusheshayo phakathi kwabantu namazwekazi wegciwane le-H1N1, elaziwa ngokuthi yigciwane lomkhuhlane i-A noma igciwane lengulube. Lo mkhuhlane uqale eMexico, kodwa washeshe wanabela eYurophu, eNingizimu Melika, eMelika Ephakathi, e-Afrika nase-Asia. Ngakho-ke, i-World Health Organisation (i-WHO) yaluchaza njengobhadane ngenxa yokuba khona kwegciwane lomkhuhlane kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngendlela esheshayo, ekhulayo futhi ehlelekile. Ngaphambi komkhuhlane A, umkhuhlane waseSpain wavela ngo-1968 okwaholela ekufeni kwabantu ababalelwa esigidini esisodwa.

Ngaphezu kwalomkhuhlane, ingculaza iye yahlukaniswa njengobhadane kusukela ngo-1982, njengoba igciwane elibangela lesi sifo likwazile ukusabalala kalula futhi ngokukhulu ukushesha phakathi kwabantu. Yize amacala njengamanje engakhuli ngesilinganiso esilinganayo njengakuqala, i-World Health Organisation isabheka ingculaza njengobhadane, ngoba i-agent ethelelanayo ingasakazeka kalula.

Esinye isifo esithathelwanayo esasibhekwa njengobhadane kwakuyikholera, eyayiphethe okungenani iziqephu eziyi-8 zezifo eziwubhadane, esokugcina sabikwa ngo-1961 siqala e-Indonesia futhi sisakazekela ezwenikazi lase-Asia.

Njengamanje, iZika, i-Ebola, iDengue kanye neChikungunya zithathwa njengezifo ezihlala zikhona futhi zifundwe ngenxa yamandla obhadane ngenxa yokuba lula kokudluliswa kwazo.

Qonda ukuthi yini indawo ekhona nokuthi ungayivimba kanjani.

Yini evuna ukuvela kwemishayabhuqe?

Enye yezinto ethanda kakhulu ubhadane lwanamuhla ukukhululeka kokuhambisa abantu ukusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye ngesikhathi esifushane, ukwenza lula ukuthi umuthi othelelanayo naye angathunyelwa kwenye indawo futhi ngaleyo ndlela akwazi ukuthelela abanye abantu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu kaningi abazi ukuthi bayagula ngoba abakhombisi zimpawu zokutheleleka, futhi abanakho ukunakekelwa komuntu siqu noma kwenhlanzeko, okungavumela nokudluliswa nokutheleleka kubantu abaningi.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ubhadane luhlonzwe ngokushesha ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokunqanda ukutheleleka phakathi kwabantu nokuvimbela ukusabalala kwesifo esithathelwanayo.