Iyini i-Retrograde Amnesia futhi iphathwa kanjani?

-Delile

• I-Retrograde vs. anterograde amnesia
• Yiziphi izinhlobo nezimpawu?
• Ukuhlelwa kabusha okwesikhashana kwe-amnesia
• I-Focal retrograde amnesia
• I-dissociative (psychogenic) amnesia
• Yiziphi izimo ezibangela ukubuyela emuva kwe-amnesia?
• Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu
• Ukushoda kwethayamine
• I-Encephalitis
• Isifo i-Alzheimer's
• Unhlangothi
• Ukuquleka
• Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo
• Kutholakala kanjani?
• Ilashwa kanjani?
• Ukwelashwa emsebenzini
• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo
• Ubuchwepheshe
• Uyini umbono?

Yini i-retrograde amnesia?

I-Amnesia uhlobo lokulahleka kwememori oluthinta ikhono lakho lokwenza, ukugcina, nokubuyisa izinkumbulo. I-Retrograde amnesia ithinta izinkumbulo ezakhiwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-amnesia. Umuntu oba ne-retrograde amnesia ngemuva kokulimala kabuhlungu ebuchosheni angahluleka ukukhumbula okwenzekile eminyakeni, noma ngisho namashumi eminyaka, ngaphambi kwalokhu kulimala.

I-Retrograde amnesia idalwa ukulimala ezindaweni zokugcina inkumbulo zobuchopho, ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zobuchopho. Lolu hlobo lomonakalo lungavela ekulimaleni okubuhlungu, ukugula okungathi sína, ukuquleka noma isifo sohlangothi, noma isifo sobuchopho esiwohlozayo. Ngokuya ngesizathu, i-retrograde amnesia ingaba yesikhashana, ehlala unomphela, noma eqhubekayo (iba yimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi).

Nge-retrograde amnesia, ukulahleka kwememori kuvame ukufaka amaqiniso kunamakhono. Ukwenza isibonelo, omunye umuntu angakhohlwa ukuthi unemoto noma cha, unjani nokuthi uyithenge nini - kodwa usazokwazi ukushayela.

I-Retrograde vs. anterograde amnesia

Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-amnesia yi-anterograde ne-retrograde.

Abantu abane-anterograde amnesia banenkinga yokwenza izinkumbulo ezintsha ngemuva kokuqala kwe-amnesia. Abantu abane-retrograde amnesia banenkinga yokufinyelela izinkumbulo zangaphambi kokuqala kwe-amnesia.

Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ze-amnesia zingahlala kumuntu ofanayo, futhi kaningi ziyenzeka.

Yiziphi izinhlobo nezimpawu?

Ukuhlelwa kabusha okwesikhashana kwe-amnesia

I-Retrograde amnesia ivame ukuhlelwa okwesikhashana, okusho ukuthi izinkumbulo zakho zakamuva zithinteka kuqala futhi izinkumbulo zakho ezindala zivame ukusindiswa. Lokhu kwaziwa njengomthetho kaRibot.

Ubungako be-retrograde amnesia bungahluka kakhulu. Abanye abantu bangahle balahlekelwe izinkumbulo kusuka onyakeni noma emibili ngaphambi kokulimala noma isifo. Abanye abantu bangalahlekelwa amashumi eminyaka ezinkumbulo. Kepha noma abantu belahlekelwa amashumi eminyaka, bajwayele ukubamba izinkumbulo kusukela ebuntwaneni nasebusheni.

Izimpawu zifaka:

• ukungakhumbuli izinto ezenzeke ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-amnesia
• ukukhohlwa amagama, abantu, ubuso, izindawo, amaqiniso, nolwazi olujwayelekile kusukela ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-amnesia
• ukukhumbula amakhono njengokugibela ibhayisikili, ukudlala upiyano, nokushayela imoto
• ukugcina izinkumbulo ezindala, ikakhulukazi kusukela ebuntwaneni nasebusheni

Umuntu onalesi sifo kungenzeka noma angakwazi ukwenza izinkumbulo ezintsha futhi afunde amakhono amasha.

I-Focal retrograde amnesia

I-Focal retrograde amnesia, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-amnesia ehlukanisiwe noma emsulwa, kulapho umuntu ethola kuphela ukubuyisa i-amnesia enezimpawu ezimbalwa noma ezingekho nhlobo ze-anterograde amnesia. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ikhono lokwenza izinkumbulo ezintsha lishiywa linjalo. Lokhu kulahleka kwenkumbulo okukude akubuthinti ubuhlakani bomuntu noma ikhono lakhe lokufunda amakhono amasha, njengokudlala upiyano.

I-dissociative (psychogenic) amnesia

Lolu uhlobo olungajwayelekile lwe-retrograde amnesia ngenxa yokwethuka okungokomzwelo. Akubangelwa ukulimala ebuchosheni, njengezinye izinhlobo ze-retrograde amnesia. Kungukuphendula ngokwengqondo kokuhlukumezeka. Kuvame ukubangelwa ubugebengu obunodlame noma okunye ukuhlukumezeka okunodlame futhi imvamisa kuba okwesikhashana. Izimpawu zifaka:

• ukungakwazi ukukhumbula izinto ezenzeke ngaphambi kwesigameko esibuhlungu
• okungenzeka ukuthi ayikwazi ukukhumbula imininingwane yomlando womuntu

Yiziphi izimo ezibangela ukubuyela emuva kwe-amnesia?

I-Retrograde amnesia ingavela ekulimaleni kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zobuchopho ezibhekele ukulawula imizwelo nezinkumbulo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-thalamus, egxile maphakathi nobuchopho, ne-hippocampus, ese-lobe yesikhashana.

Kunemibandela eminingana engadala ukubuyisela emuva i-amnesia. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu

Iningi lokulimala kwengqondo elibuhlungu kumnene, okuholela ekushayeni. Kepha ukulimala kanzima, njengokushaywa kanzima ekhanda, kungalimaza izindawo zokugcina ubuchopho futhi kuholele ekubuyiseleni emuva i-amnesia. Ngokuya ngezinga lokulimala, i-amnesia ingaba yesikhashana noma ingunaphakade. Bheka amabhulogi amahle kakhulu okulimala kobuchopho onyakeni.

Ukushoda kwethayamine

Ukushoda kwe-thiamine, okuvame ukubangelwa ukuphuza ngokweqile noma ukungondleki okungathi sína, kungaholela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi yi-Wernicke encephalopathy. Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, i-Wernicke encephalopathy idlulela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi yi-Korsakoff psychosis, eletha i-anterograde ne-retrograde amnesia. Funda izimpawu zokushoda kukavithamini B.

I-Encephalitis

I-Encephalitis ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni okubangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane, njenge-herpes simplex. Kungabangelwa ukusabela okuzenzakalelayo okuhlobene nomdlavuza noma okungahambisani nomdlavuza. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungadala ukulimala ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ezigcina imemori.

Isifo i-Alzheimer's

Isifo i-Alzheimer nokunye ukuwohloka komqondo okuwohlokayo kungaholela ekwandeni okuthuthukayo kwe-amnesia eqhubekayo. Okwamanje alikho ikhambi noma ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo.

Unhlangothi

Kokubili imivimbo emikhulu nemivimbo emincane ephindaphindwayo kungadala ukulimala ebuchosheni. Kuya ngokuthi umonakalo wenzeka kuphi, izinkinga zememori zingavela. Kuvamile ukuthi imivimbo iholele ezinkingeni zememori ngisho nasekuwohlokeni komqondo. Izinhlobo ezimbili zememori ezingathinteka yi-stroke zifaka inkumbulo yokukhuluma nenkumbulo yokubuka.

Ukuquleka

Noma yiluphi uhlobo lokubanjwa lungadala ukulimala ebuchosheni futhi lubangele izinkinga zememori. Okunye ukuquleka kuthinta ubuchopho bonke kanti okunye kuthinta indawo encane kuphela. Ukuquleka ezingxenyeni ezithile zobuchopho, ikakhulukazi ama-lobes wesikhashana nangaphambili, kuyimbangela ejwayelekile yezinkinga zememori kubantu abanesifo sokuwa.

Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo

Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kudala ukuthi abantu bayeke ukuphefumula, okusho ukuthi ubuchopho babo bungancishwa umoya-mpilo imizuzu eminingana. Lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni okungathi sína kobuchopho, okungadala ukubuyela esimweni se-amnesia noma okunye ukulahleka kwengqondo.

Kutholakala kanjani?

Ukuthola i-retrograde amnesia, udokotela wakho uzodinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezokwelapha ukuze afune zonke izimbangela zokulahleka kwememori. Kungcono ukuthi umuntu omthandayo asize ukuxhumana nodokotela, ikakhulukazi uma ukhohlwa noma udida imininingwane yomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukwazi ukuthi imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zempilo ezedlule, njengokuquleka, unhlangothi, noma izifo.

Udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo eziningi zokuxilonga, njenge:

• ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging (i-CT scan noma i-MRI scan) ukubheka ukulimala kobuchopho noma ukungajwayelekile
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco nezifo
• ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa
• ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ukuhlola inkumbulo yesikhashana neyesikhathi eside
• i-electroencephalogram ukubheka umsebenzi wokubanjwa

Ilashwa kanjani?

Ayikho imishanguzo ethize esetshenziselwe ukwelapha ukubuyisela emuva amnesia. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kwakho kuzogxila kumbangela oyinhloko we-amnesia. Isibonelo, uma unesifo sokuwa, wena nodokotela wakho nizosebenzela ukunciphisa inani lokuquleka.

Njengamanje akukho ukwelashwa kwesifo i-Alzheimer kanye nokunye ukuwohloka komqondo okuwohlokayo okukhona. Kodwa-ke, kunemithi ethile enganciphisa ukukhula kwesifo se-Alzheimer's. Ukwelashwa kwezinye izinhlobo zokuwohloka komqondo ngokuvamile kugxila ekusekelweni nasekubhekaneni nakho.

Ukwelashwa emsebenzini

Abanye abantu abane-amnesia basebenza nodokotela osebenza emsebenzini ukuze bafunde imininingwane emisha bese bezama ukubuyisela okulahlekile. Basebenza nomelaphi ukusebenzisa izinkumbulo zabo ezindala, eziqinile njengesisekelo sokugcina izinkumbulo ezintsha. Abelaphi bangasiza abantu ukuthi bakhe amasu enhlangano enza kube lula ukukhumbula imininingwane emisha. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthuthukisa amasu okuxoxa angasiza abantu ukuthi bathuthukise ukusebenza komphakathi.

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo

I-Psychotherapy ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni izinkumbulo ezilahlekile ngenxa yezehlakalo ezihlukumezayo. Kungasiza nalabo abanezinye izinhlobo ze-amnesia ukuthi babhekane nokulahleka kwememori.

Ubuchwepheshe

Abantu abaningi abane-amnesia bayazuza ngokufunda ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha, njengama-smartphones namaphilisi. Ngokuqeqeshwa, abantu abane-amnesia enamandla bangasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukubasiza ukuhlela nokugcina imininingwane. Ama-Smartphone nokunye okunjalo kusiza kakhulu kubantu abanenkinga yokwenza izinkumbulo ezintsha. Futhi, zingasetshenziswa njengamadivayisi wokugcina wezinkumbulo ezindala. Izithombe, amavidiyo, nemibhalo kungenza okubhekwayo okuhle.

Uyini umbono?

Ngokuya ngesizathu, i-retrograde amnesia ingahle ibe ngcono, ibe yimbi kakhulu, noma ihlale imisiwe kuyo yonke impilo. Kuyisimo esibi esingaletha izinselelo, ngakho-ke usizo nokusekelwa kwabathandekayo kuvame ukubaluleka. Ngokuya ngobukhulu be-amnesia, umuntu angaphinde athole ukuzimela kwakhe noma angadinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe.