Imibuzo Evame Kakhulu Yesimungumungwane

-Delile

• 1. Ubani okufanele athole umuthi wokugoma?
• 2. Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko?
• 3. Ingabe isimungumungwane siluma?
• 4. Iyini indlela yokwelashwa enconywayo?
• 5. Liyini igciwane elibanga isimungumungwane?
• 6. Ukudluliswa kwenzeka kanjani?
• 7. Ungasivikela kanjani isimungumungwane?
• 8. Yiziphi izinkinga zesimungumungwane?

Imasisi yisifo esithathelwanayo esivela ngezimpawu nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela okungapheli, impumu egijimayo, i-conjunctivitis, izindawo ezincane ezibomvu eziqala eduze kwesikhumba bese zehla, zisabalale emzimbeni wonke.

Ukwelashwa kwesimungumungwane kwenziwa ukudambisa izimpawu ngoba lesi sifo sidalwa yigciwane ngakho umzimba uyakwazi ukuzisusa wedwa, ngaphandle kwesidingo semithi elwa namagciwane.

Umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane yindlela engcono yokuvimbela izifo futhi uyingxenye yesheduli eyisisekelo yokugomela izingane. Lo muthi wokugoma usebenza kahle kepha njengoba igciwane lingashintsha, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nabantu abagonyiwe bangatheleleka ngemasisi eminyakeni eyalandela.

1. Ubani okufanele athole umuthi wokugoma?

Umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane uvame ukunikezwa mahhala unezinyanga eziyi-12 ubudala, ube nesikhuthazi esiphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-15 nezingama-24. Endabeni yomuthi wokugomela i-tetraviral, umthamo uvame ukungashadi futhi kufanele usetshenziswe phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 neminyaka emihlanu.

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthola umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane, umuthi wokugoma okhethekile noma umuthi wokugoma ohlanganisiwe:

• Umuthi wokugoma kathathu: ngokumelene nesimungumungwane, ukuqubuzana kanye ne-rubella;
• Umuthi wokugomela i-Tetraviral: evikela futhi kumbungu wezinkukhu.

Noma ngubani angagonywa, inqobo nje uma engakawutholi umuthi wokugoma, kodwa umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane nawo unganikezwa abantu abangenwe yigciwane, njengoba kwenzeka lapho abazali bengakagonyiwe futhi benengane enesimungumungwane. Kepha, kulokhu, ukuze ube nomthelela, umuntu kufanele agonywe kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezi-3 ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpawu zomuntu axhumene naye.

2. Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko?

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zesimungumungwane zifaka:

• Amachashazi abomvu esikhunjeni aqala ukuvela ebusweni bese esabalala abheke ngasezinyaweni;
• Izindawo ezimhlophe eziyindilinga ngaphakathi kwesihlathi;
• Umkhuhlane omkhulu, ongaphezu kuka-38.5ºC;
• Ukukhwehlela nge-phlegm;
• Ukuhlangana;
• Hypersensitivity ekukhanyeni;
• Ikhala eligijimayo;
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla;
• Kungaba nekhanda, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo nobuhlungu emisipheni.
• Imasisi ayilumi, njengakwezinye izifo ezinjengembuzi kanye ne-rubella.

Thatha ukuhlolwa kwethu oku-inthanethi uthole ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kube isimungumungwane.

Ukuxilongwa kwemasisi kungenziwa ngokubheka izimpawu nezimpawu zaso, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithinteke kakhulu kulesi sifo, noma uma kwenzeka kuba khona ubhadane lwezifo, kodwa kungadingeka ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhombisa ubukhona bamagciwane omkhuhlane namasosha omzimba., lapho usendaweni engavamile ukuthintwa yilesi sifo.

Ezinye izifo ezingadala izimpawu ezifanayo futhi ngenxa yalokho zingadidaniswa nesimungumungwane i-rubella, i-roseola, i-scarlet fever, isifo se-Kawasaki, i-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo, i-Rocky Mountain spotted fever, i-enterovirus noma i-adenovirus ukutheleleka nokuzwela kwezidakamizwa (ukungezwani komzimba).

3. Ingabe isimungumungwane siluma?

Ngokungafani nezinye izifo ezinjenge-chicken pox noma i-rubella, amabala amasimungumungwane awasikhuzi isikhumba.

4. Iyini indlela yokwelashwa enconywayo?

Ukwelashwa kwesimungumungwane kuqukethe ukwehla kwezimpawu ngokuphumula, ukufuthwa ngokwanele kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukwehlisa umkhuhlane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iWorld Health Organisation (WHO) iphinde yancoma ukwengezelwa kukavithamini A kuzo zonke izingane ezitholwe zinesimungumungwane.

Imvamisa umuntu onesimungumungwane welulama ngokuphelele, afinyelele ekwelashweni cishe ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic kungakhonjiswa lapho kunobufakazi bokutheleleka okuhambisana ne-bacterial, uma umuntu futhi enegciwane lendlebe noma i-pneumonia, ngoba lokhu kuyinkinga ejwayelekile yesimungumungwane.

Bona okuningi mayelana nezinketho ezitholakalayo zokwelashwa kweMasisi.

5. Liyini igciwane elibanga isimungumungwane?

Imasisi yigciwane lomndeni I-Morbillivirus, engakhula futhi yande ezingxenyeni ezinamafinyila emakhaleni nasemphinjeni yomuntu omdala noma enganeni enegciwane. Ngale ndlela, leli gciwane lidluliselwa kalula ngamaconsi amancane akhishwa lapho ukhwehlela, ukhuluma noma uthimula.

Ezikhaleni, igciwane lingahlala lisebenza kuze kufike emahoreni ama-2, ngakho-ke kufanele ubulale amagciwane ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izindawo ezisemakamelweni lapho kukhona umuntu ophethwe isimungumungwane.

6. Ukudluliswa kwenzeka kanjani?

Ukutheleleka kwesimungumungwane kwenzeka ikakhulukazi emoyeni, lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula nomunye umuntu oseduze bese ehogela lezi zimfihlo. Phakathi nezinsuku ezi-4 ezandulela amabala esikhunjeni kuze kube yilapho sinyamalala ngokuphelele, isiguli siyathathelana, ngoba kulapho imfihlo isebenza kakhulu futhi umuntu akanakekeli konke ukunakekelwa okudingekayo ukuze angatheleleli abanye.

7. Ungasivikela kanjani isimungumungwane?

Indlela engcono yokuvikela isimungumungwane ukugomela lesi sifo, kodwa-ke, kukhona ezinye izindlela ezilula zokuqapha ezingasiza, njenge:

• Geza izandla zakho njalo, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuxhumana nabantu abagulayo;
• Gwema ukuthinta amehlo, ikhala noma umlomo, uma izandla zakho zingahlanzekile;
• Gwema ukuba sezindaweni ezivaliwe nabantu abaningi;
• Ukungathintani ngqo nabantu abagulayo, njengokuqabula, ukugona noma ukwabela ukusika.

Ukuhlukanisa isiguli kungenye indlela ephumelelayo yokuvimbela ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo, yize ukugoma kuphela kusebenza ngempumelelo. Ngakho-ke, uma umuntu kutholakala ukuthi unesimungumungwane, wonke umuntu osondelene kakhulu nabo, njengabazali nezingane zakwabo, kufanele agonywe, uma bengakabikho, futhi isiguli kufanele sibe sekhaya, siphumule, singayi esikoleni noma sebenza, ukuze ungangcolisi abanye.

Funda ngezinye izindlela zokuzivikela kumasimungumungwane.

8. Yiziphi izinkinga zesimungumungwane?

Ezimweni eziningi, isimungumungwane siyanyamalala ngaphandle kokubanga noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-sequelae kumuntu, noma kunjalo, kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, kungavela ezinye izinkinga, ezinjengalezi:

• Ukuvinjelwa komoya;
• Inyumoniya;
• I-Encephalitis;
• Ukutheleleka endlebeni;
• Ubumpumputhe;
• Uhudo olunamandla oluholela ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuvela isimungumungwane kowesifazane okhulelwe, kukhona nengozi enkulu yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukuphuphunyelwa yisisu. Qonda kangcono ukuthi isimungumungwane sikuthinta kanjani ukukhulelwa.

Uma unokungabaza, bukela le vidiyo elandelayo, lapho i-biomedical yethu ichaza konke mayelana neMasisi:

Ezinye zezimo lapho umuntu angahle abe namasosha omzimba antulayo, umzimba wakhe ongeke uwavikele egciwaneni lesimungumungwane, afaka phakathi abantu abelashelwa umdlavuza noma i-AIDS, izingane ezizalwe zinegciwane le-HIV, abantu abathole ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba noma esimeni sokungondleki.