I-scleritis

-Delile

• Yiziphi izinhlobo zescleritis?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-scleritis?
• Yini ebangela i-scleritis?
• Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zescleritis?
• Ixilongwa kanjani i-scleritis?
• Yelashwa kanjani i-scleritis?
• Uyini umbono wabantu abane-scleritis?

Yini i-scleritis?

I-sclera ungqimba lwangaphandle lwesivikelo, oluyingxenye emhlophe yeso. Ixhunywe emisipheni esiza ukuhamba kwamehlo. Cishe amaphesenti angama-83 ebuso bamehlo yi-sclera.

I-Scleritis yisifo lapho i-sclera ivuvuka kakhulu futhi ibomvu. Kungaba buhlungu kakhulu. I-Scleritis kukholakala ukuthi ingumphumela wesenzo somzimba sokuzivikela ngokweqile. Uhlobo lwe-scleritis onalo kuncike endaweni yokuvuvukala. Iningi labantu lizwa ubuhlungu obukhulu ngalesi simo, kepha kukhona okuhlukile.

Ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngemithi kuyadingeka ukuvimbela i-scleritis ekuqhubekeni. Amacala abucayi, angalashwa angaholela ekulahlekelweni kombono okuyingxenye noma okuphelele.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zescleritis?

Odokotela basebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngezigaba zikaWatson noHayreh ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-scleritis. Ukwahlukaniswa kusekelwe ekutheni ngabe isifo sithinta i-anterior (ngaphambili) noma engemuva (emuva) ye-sclera. Amafomu angaphambili kungenzeka abe nokugula okuyisisekelo njengengxenye yesizathu sazo.

Ama-subtypes we-anterior scleritis afaka:

• i-anterior scleritis: uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-scleritis
• i-nodular anterior scleritis: ifomu lesibili elivame kakhulu
• necrotizing anterior scleritis ngokuvuvukala: ifomu elibi kakhulu le-anterior scleritis
• necrotizing anterior scleritis ngaphandle kokuvuvukala: ifomu le-rarest le-anterior scleritis
• posterior scleritis: kunzima kakhulu ukuxilonga nokuthola ngoba inezimpawu eziguqukayo, kufaka phakathi eziningi ezilingisa ezinye izifo

Ziyini izimpawu ze-scleritis?

Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-scleritis lunezimpawu ezifanayo, futhi zingaba zimbi uma isimo singelashwa. Ubuhlungu beso obunzima obungaphenduli kahle kuma-painkillers yilona uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-scleritis. Ukunyakaza kwamehlo kungenzeka kwenze izinhlungu zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ubuhlungu bungasabalala kubo bonke ubuso, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini lweso elithintekile.

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• ukudwengula ngokweqile, noma ukuklebhuka
• ukwehla kombono
• ukungaboni kahle
• ukuzwela ekukhanyeni, noma i-photophobia
• ubomvu be-sclera, noma ingxenye emhlophe yeso lakho

Izimpawu ze-posterior scleritis azicaci ngoba azibangeli ubuhlungu obunzima njengezinye izinhlobo. Izimpawu zifaka:

• ikhanda elijulile
• ubuhlungu obudalwa ukunyakaza kweso
• ukucasuka kweso
• ukubona kabili

Abanye abantu babhekana nobuhlungu obuncane obuvela ku-scleritis. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba bane:

• icala elibi
• i-scleromalacia perforans, okuyinkinga engajwayelekile yesifo samathambo esithuthukile (RA)
• umlando wokusebenzisa imishanguzo yokuvikela ukuzivikela (ivimbela ukusebenza kumasosha omzimba) ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu

Yini ebangela i-scleritis?

Kunemibono ethi amaseli omzimba ama-T cell abangela i-scleritis. Amasosha omzimba yinethiwekhi yezitho, izicubu namaseli ajikelezayo asebenza ngokubambisana ukunqanda amabhaktheriya namagciwane ukuthi angabangeli ukugula. Amaseli we-T asebenza ukubulala amagciwane angenayo, okuyizinto ezingadala izifo noma ukugula. Ku-scleritis, kukholelwa ukuthi aqala ukuhlasela amaseli weso uqobo lawo. Odokotela namanje abaqiniseki ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zescleritis?

I-Scleritis ingenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Abesifazane basemathubeni amaningi okuyihlakulela kunabesilisa. Akukho mjaho noma indawo ethile yomhlaba lapho lesi simo sivame kakhulu.

Unethuba elandayo lokuthuthukisa i-scleritis uma une:

• Isifo sika-Wegener (i-Wegener's granulomatosis), okuyisifo esingajwayelekile esihlanganisa ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi
• i-rheumatoid arthritis (RA), okuyisifo esizimele esibangela ukuvuvukala kwamalunga
• isifo sokuvuvukala kwamathumbu (IBD), esidala izimpawu zokugaya ukudla ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwamathumbu
• ISjogren’s syndrome, okuyisifo sokuzivikela komzimba esaziwa ngokubanga amehlo nomlomo owomile
• I-lupus, ukuphazamiseka komzimba okudala ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba
• izifo zamehlo (kungenzeka noma zingahlobene nezifo ezizimele)
• ukulimala kwezicubu zamehlo kusuka engozini

Ixilongwa kanjani i-scleritis?

Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza umlando wezempilo oningiliziwe bese enza ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri ukuthola i-scleritis.

Udokotela wakho angabuza imibuzo ngomlando wakho wezimo zesistimu, njengokuthi ngabe unayo i-RA, i-Wegener's granulomatosis, noma i-IBD. Bangase babuze nokuthi uke waba nomlando wokuhlukumezeka noma ukuhlinzwa esweni.

Ezinye izimo ezinezimpawu ezifana ne-scleritis zifaka:

• i-episcleritis, okuwukuvuvukala kwemikhumbi engaphezulu kwengqimba engaphandle yeso (episclera)
• i-blepharitis, okuwukuvuvukala kwesembozo seso langaphandle
• i-viral conjunctivitis, okuwukuvuvukala kweso okubangelwa igciwane
• i-bacterial conjunctivitis, okuwukuvuvukala kweso okubangelwa amagciwane

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi axilonge:

• i-ultrasonography ukubheka izinguquko ezenzeka ngaphakathi noma ezungeze i-sclera
• gcwalisa ukubalwa kwegazi ukuhlola izimpawu zokutheleleka kanye nomsebenzi wamasosha omzimba
• i-biopsy ye-sclera yakho, okubandakanya ukususa izicubu ze-sclera ukuze ihlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu

Yelashwa kanjani i-scleritis?

Ukwelashwa kwe-scleritis kugxile ekulweni nokuvuvukala ngaphambi kokuthi kubangele ukulimala okungapheli. Ubuhlungu obuvela ku-scleritis buhlobene futhi nokuvuvukala, ngakho ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kuzonciphisa izimpawu.

Ukwelashwa kulandela indlela yesiteji. Uma isinyathelo sokuqala semithi sihluleka, bese kuthi esesibili sisetshenziswe.

Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-scleritis ifaka okulandelayo:

• Izidakamizwa ze-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) zivame ukusetshenziselwa i-nodular anterior scleritis. Ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kuyasiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu be-scleritis.
• Amaphilisi e-Corticosteroid (njenge-prednisone) angasetshenziswa uma ama-NSAID enganciphisi ukuvuvukala.
• Ama-glucocorticoids omlomo ayindlela ekhethwayo ye-posterior scleritis.
• Izidakamizwa ze-immunosuppressive ezine-glucocorticoids yomlomo zikhethwa kwifomu eliyingozi kakhulu, okuyi-necrotizing scleritis.
• Ama-antibiotic angasetshenziswa ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha izifo ze-sclera.
• Imithi yokubulala amagciwane ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukutheleleka okubangelwa yi-Sjogren's syndrome.

Ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka futhi ezimeni ezinzima ze-scleritis. Le nqubo ifaka phakathi ukulungiswa kwezicubu ku-sclera ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemisipha nokuvimbela ukulahleka kombono.

Ukwelashwa kweSclera nakho kungaxhomeke ekwelapheni izimbangela eziyisisekelo. Isibonelo, uma une-autoimmune disorder, khona-ke ukuyelapha ngempumelelo kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni amacala aphindaphindiwe e-scleritis.

Uyini umbono wabantu abane-scleritis?

I-Scleritis ingadala ukulimala kwamehlo okukhulu, kufaka phakathi ingxenye yokuqedela ukulahleka kombono. Lapho ukulahleka kombono kwenzeka, imvamisa kungumphumela we-necrotizing scleritis. Kukhona ingozi yokuthi i-scleritis izobuya naphezu kokwelashwa.

I-Scleritis yisimo esibi samehlo esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha, lapho nje izimpawu ziqashelwa. Noma izimpawu zakho zithuthuka, kubalulekile ukulandela udokotela wezifo zamehlo njalo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ayibuyi. Ukwelapha izimo ezingaphansi komzimba ezingahle zidale i-scleritis nakho kubalulekile ekuvikeleni izinkinga ezizayo nge-sclera.