Kuyini I-Sensorineural Hearing Loss?

-Delile

• Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwezinzwa
• Ukulahleka kokuzwa kwezinzwa kubangela
• Isizalo
• Imisindo emikhulu
• I-Presbycusis
• Ukulahleka kokuzwa kokuqhutshwa kokuzwa okuzenzakalelayo
• Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwezinzwa okungazelelwe (SSHL)
• Izinhlobo zokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwezinzwa
• Ukuxilongwa kokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwe-Sensorineural
• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba
• Izimfoloko zokushuna
• I-audiogram
• Ukwelashwa kwe-SNHL
• Izinsiza-kuzwa
• Ukufakwa kwe-Cochlear
• Ukuzwa kwesimo sokuzwa kokuzwa
• Ingabe ukulahleka kwezinzwa zokuzwa kuya kuba kubi kakhulu?
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwe-Sensorineural (SNHL) kubangelwa ukulimala kwezakhiwo ezisezindlebeni zakho zangaphakathi noma inzwa yakho yokuzwa. Kuyimbangela yokulahleka kokuzwa okungaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90 kubantu abadala. Izimbangela ezivamile ze-SNHL zifaka ukuvezwa kwemisindo emikhulu, izici zofuzo, noma inqubo yokuguga yemvelo.

Isitho esivunguza ngaphakathi kwendlebe yakho yangaphakathi esibizwa nge-cochlea yakho sinezinwele ezincane ezaziwa njenge-stereocilia. Lezi zinwele ziguqula ukudlidlizela kusuka kumagagasi omsindo kube yizimpawu ze-neural ezithathwa yizinzwa zakho zokuzwa ziye ebuchosheni bakho. Ukuvezwa kwemisindo kungalimaza lezi zinwele.

Kodwa-ke, ungahle ungatholi ukulahleka kokuzwa kuze kube yilezi zinwele ezilimele. Ama-decibel angama-85 acishe alingane nomsindo osindayo wezimoto ozwakala ngaphakathi emotweni.

I-SNHL ingahluka kusukela ekulahlekelweni okuncane kokuzwa kuya ekuqedeni ukulahleka kokuzwa kuya ngezinga lomonakalo.

• Ukulahleka okuncane kokuzwa. Ukulahleka kokuzwa phakathi kwama-decibel angama-26 kuye kwangama-40.
• Ukulahleka kokuzwa okulingene. Ukulahleka kwezindlebe phakathi kwama-decibel angama-41 kuye kwangama-55.
• Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokuzwa. Ukulahleka kokuzwa okungaphezu kwama-decibel angama-71.

I-SNHL ayisona isimo esisongela impilo, kepha ingaphazamisa ikhono lakho lokuxhumana uma lingalawulwa kahle. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze uthole ukuthi yini ebangela iSNHL, ukuthi ungayivimba kanjani, kanye nezinketho zakho zokwelashwa uma ngabe ubhekene nayo njengamanje.

Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwezinzwa

I-SNHL ingenzeka endlebeni eyodwa noma ezindlebeni zombili kuya ngesizathu. Uma ama-SNHL wakho ehlasela kancane kancane, izimpawu zakho zingase zingabonakali ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kokuzwa. Uma uhlangabezana ne-SNHL engazelelwe, izimpawu zakho zizovela zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa. Abantu abaningi baqala ukubona iSNHL ngokuzumayo lapho bevuka.

Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwe-sensorineural kungaholela ku:

• inkinga yokuzwa imisindo lapho kunomsindo wangemuva
• ubunzima obuthile bokuqonda amazwi ezingane nabesifazane
• isiyezi noma izinkinga zebhalansi
• unenkinga yokuzwa imisindo ephezulu
• imisindo namazwi kubonakala kungavulekile
• uzizwe sengathi ungezwa amazwi kodwa awukwazi ukuwaqonda
• i-tinnitus (ukukhala ezindlebeni zakho)

Ukulahleka kokuzwa kwezinzwa kubangela

I-SNHL ingaba yinto yokuzalwa, okusho ukuthi kukhona ukuzalwa, noma ukutholwa. Okulandelayo izimbangela ezingaba khona ze-SNHL.

Isizalo

Ukulahleka kokuzwa okuzalwa kukhona kusukela ekuzalweni futhi kungenye yezinto ezijwayelekile zokuzalwa. Ithinta mayelana.

Mayelana nezingane ezizalwe nokulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuzalwe nakho kukukhulisa kusuka kuzici zofuzo kuthi enye ingxenye ikwenze kusuka ezintweni zemvelo. Ngaphezu kokuxhunyaniswa nokulahleka kokuzwa kofuzo. Ukutheleleka nokuntuleka komoya-mpilo konke kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa.

Imisindo emikhulu

Ukuvezwa kwemisindo engaphezu kwama-decibel angama-85 kungaholela ku-SNHL. Ngisho nokuchayeka kanye emisindweni efana nokuqhuma kwezibhamu noma ukuqhuma kungadala ukulimala okungapheli kokuzwa.

I-Presbycusis

I-Presbycusis elinye igama lokulahleka kokuzwa okuhlobene nobudala. Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu ophakathi kweminyaka engama-65 nengama-74 e-United States unezindlebe. Lapho uneminyaka engama-75, cishe uhhafu uba nohlobo oluthile lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa.

Ukulahleka kokuzwa kokuqhutshwa kokuzwa okuzenzakalelayo

Ukulimala kwezinzwa zakho zokuzwa noma ukwakheka kwendlebe yakho yangaphakathi kungaholela eSNHL. Lolu hlobo lokulahleka kokuzwa luholela ezinkingeni eziguqula ukunyakaza kwemisindo kube yizimpawu ze-neural ezingatolikwa ubuchopho.

Ukulahleka kokuzwa okuqhubekekayo kwenzeka lapho umsindo ungakwazi ukudlula endlebeni yakho yangaphandle noma ephakathi. Okulandelayo kungadala ukulahleka kokuzwa okuphathekayo.

• ukwanda ketshezi
• izifo zendlebe
• imbobo endlebeni yakho
• izimila ezinobungozi
• indlebe
• ukuvinjelwa izinto zangaphandle
• ukukhubazeka endlebeni yangaphandle noma ephakathi

Zombili izinhlobo zokulahleka kokuzwa zingadala izimpawu ezifanayo. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanokulahleka kwezindlebe okuqhubekayo bavame ukuzwa imisindo engavumelani ngenkathi abantu abane-SNHL bezwa ukungaphumeleli futhi.

Abanye abantu babona ukuxubana kokulahleka kokuzwa kwezinzwa nezokuziphatha. Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kuthathwa njengokuxubekile uma kunezinkinga zombili ngaphambi nangemva kwe-cochlea.

Kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa okufanele uma ubhekene nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka ukuthi uphinde uzwe ukuzwa kwakho. Uma uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha, maningi amathuba okuthi unciphise ukulimala kwezakhiwo zendlebe yakho.

Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwezinzwa okungazelelwe (SSHL)

I-SSHL ilahlekelwa ukuzwa okungenani kwama-decibel angama-30 ezinsukwini ezintathu. Ithinta cishe futhi imvamisa kuthinta indlebe eyodwa kuphela. I-SSHL iholela ekubeni yisithulu ngokushesha noma ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Imvamisa kuthinta indlebe eyodwa kuphela futhi abantu abaningi baqala ukuyibona ngemuva kokuvuka ekuseni.

I-SSHL ingaba nesizathu esikhulu. Uma uhlangabezana nokungezwa ngokuzumayo kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.

Izimbangela ezilandelayo zingadala ukungezwa okungazelelwe.

• izifo
• ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda
• izifo ezizimele
• Isifo sikaMeniere
• izidakamizwa ezithile noma imishanguzo
• izinkinga zokujikeleza

Inketho yokwelashwa ejwayelekile yokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okungazelelwe yincwadi kadokotela yama-corticosteroids. Ukuthatha ama-corticosteroids ngaphakathi kokuqala kwe-SSHL kukunikeza ithuba elihle lokuphinda ulalele.

Izinhlobo zokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwezinzwa

Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwezinzwa kungathinta indlebe eyodwa noma zombili izindlebe ngokuya ngesizathu.

• Ukulahleka kokuzwa kwezinhlangothi zombili. Izakhi zofuzo, ukuvezwa kwemisindo ephezulu, kanye nezifo ezinjengemvukuzane kungaholela eSNHL ezindlebeni zombili.
• Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwe-unilateral sensorineural. I-SNHL ingathinta indlebe eyodwa kuphela uma ibangelwa isimila, isifo sikaMeniere, noma umsindo omkhulu ngokuzumayo endlebeni eyodwa.
• Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwe-Asymmetrical. I-Asymmetrical SNHL yenzeka lapho kukhona ukulahleka kokuzwa ezinhlangothini zombili kepha uhlangothi olulodwa lubi kakhulu kunolunye.

Ukuxilongwa kokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwe-Sensorineural

Odokotela basebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana zokuhlola ukuthola kahle ukulahleka kwezindlebe zokuzwa.

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kungasiza ukuhlukanisa i-SNHL ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa okusebenzayo. Udokotela uzofuna ukuvuvukala, uketshezi noma i-earwax buildup, ukulimala kwe-eardrum yakho, kanye nemizimba yangaphandle.

Izimfoloko zokushuna

Udokotela angasebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwemfoloko yokuhlela njengokuhlola kokuqala. Ukuhlolwa okucacile kufaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kuka-Weber. Udokotela ushaya kancane imfoloko ye-512 Hz tuning bese uyibeka eduze nomugqa ophakathi webunzi lakho. Uma umsindo uphakeme kakhulu endlebeni yakho ethintekile, ukulahleka kokuzwa kungenzeka kusebenze. Uma umsindo uphakama kakhulu endlebeni yakho engathinteki, ukulahleka kokuzwa kungenzeka kube yizinzwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Rinne. Udokotela ushaya imfoloko yokushuna bese eyibeka ngasethanjeni lakho le-mastoid ngemuva kwendlebe yakho uze ungabe usawuzwa umsindo. Udokotela wakho ube esehambisa imfoloko yokushuna phambi komsele wakho wezindlebe uze ungezwa umsindo. Uma une-SNHL, uzokwazi ukuzwa imfoloko yokushuna kangcono phambi komsele wakho wezindlebe kunokulwa nethambo lakho.

I-audiogram

Uma udokotela elindele ukuthi ulahlekelwe ukuzwa, cishe bazokuthumela ukuhlolwa okunembile kwe-audiometer okwenziwa yi-audiologist.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, uzogqoka ama-headphone etendeni elingenawo umsindo. Amathoni namagama azodlalwa endlebeni ngayinye ngamavolumu ahlukahlukene nobuningi. Isivivinyo sisiza ekutholeni umsindo othule kakhulu ongawuzwa kanye nobuningi obuqondile bokulahleka kokuzwa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-SNHL

Njengamanje, ayikho inketho yokuhlinzwa yokwelapha iSNHL. Izinketho ezivame kakhulu izinsiza zokuzwa kanye nokufakwa kwe-cochlear ukukusiza ukunxephezela ukulahleka kokuzwa. Ukwelashwa kwe-Gene kokulahlekelwa ukuzwa kuyinkambu eyandayo yocwaningo. Kodwa-ke, ngalesi sikhathi ayisetshenziswanga emtholampilo ngeSNHL.

Izinsiza-kuzwa

Izinsiza zokuzwa zanamuhla zingafanisa izimpawu ezithile zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Isibonelo, uma unezinkinga zokuzwa imisindo yefrikhwensi ephezulu, insiza yokuzwa ingakusiza ukudayela kule misindo ngaphandle kokuthinta amanye amaza.

Ukufakwa kwe-Cochlear

Ukufakwa kwe-cochlear kungumshini ongasetshenziswa ngokuhlinzwa ukusiza nge-SNHL enamandla.Ukufakwa kwe-cochlear kunezingxenye ezimbili, imakrofoni oyigqoka ngemuva kwendlebe yakho nomamukeli ngaphakathi kwendlebe yakho othumela imininingwane kagesi kunzwa yakho yokuzwa.

Ukuzwa kwesimo sokuzwa kokuzwa

Umbono wabantu abane-SNHL uhluka kakhulu ngokuya ngezinga nesizathu sokulahleka kokuzwa. I-SNHL uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokulahleka kokuzwa unomphela.

Ezimweni ze-SSHL engazelelwe, i-Hearing Loss Association of America ithi abantu abangamaphesenti angama-85 bazothola okungenani ukululama okuncane uma belashwa udokotela wendlebe, impumu, nomphimbo. Mayelana nabantu baphinde bezwe ukuzwa kwabo ngokuzenzekelayo kungakapheli amasonto ama-2.

Ingabe ukulahleka kwezinzwa zokuzwa kuya kuba kubi kakhulu?

I-SNHL ivame ukuqhubekela phambili ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma kubangelwa izici ezihlobene nobudala noma zofuzo. Uma kubangelwa umsindo omkhulu ngokuzumayo noma izici zemvelo, izimpawu zingaba yithafa uma uvikela imbangela yokulimala kokuzwa.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

I-SNHL iyingxenye yemvelo yenqubo yokuguga kubantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, ukuvezwa emisindweni ephezulu nakho kungadala ukulimala okungapheli endlebeni yakho yangaphakathi noma emsipheni wokuzwa. Ukulandela le mikhuba yokuzwa enempilo kungakusiza ugweme ukulimala kwezindlebe okuhlobene nomsindo:

• Gcina ivolumu yakho yehedfoni ingaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-60.
• Gqoka izinto zokufaka izindlebe ezungeze imisindo emikhulu.
• Xhumana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuqala umuthi omusha.
• Thola izivivinyo zokuzwa njalo.