Leishmaniasis: kuyini, izimpawu, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• 1. I-leishmaniasis enqamulelayo
• 2. I-visceral leishmaniasis
• Yini okufanele uyenze uma kukhona okusolisayo
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Ukuhanjiswa nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani

I-Leishmaniasis yisifo esijwayelekile kakhulu semiphakathi emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo, njengeBrazil, esithinta kakhulu izinja, kepha esingadluliselwa kubantu ngokulunywa yizinambuzane ezincane, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-sandflies. Ngalokho, kwanele ukuthi isinambuzane silume inja egulayo ngaphambi kokuluma umuntu, ukuze isifo sidluliselwe.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-leishmaniasis, kodwa-ke, izindlela ezimbili ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• I-leishmaniasis enqamulelayo: kuyindlela ejwayeleke kakhulu futhi ethinta isikhumba, okudala ukuvela kwesigaxa esincane noma izilonda lapho kulunywe khona.
• I-visceral leishmaniasis: kuthinta izitho zangaphakathi futhi kubangele izimpawu eziningi zesistimu, ezifana nomkhuhlane, amanzi abuhlungu, ukwehla kwesisindo nezici zesikhumba;

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-leishmaniasis azidingi ukwelashwa okuqondile futhi zigcina zinyamalale ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, kepha-ke, kuyanconywa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ubonane nodokotela, ngoba ukwelashwa ngamakhambi antiparasite kusiza ukusheshisa ukululama, ngaphezu kokugwema ezinye zezinkinga, njengokuphuma kwegazi , izifo ezinzima kakhulu nezibazi.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu ze-leishmaniasis ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sesifo. Ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezivame kakhulu, izimpawu yilezi:

1. I-leishmaniasis enqamulelayo

Ezimweni eziningi, i-leishmaniasis enqunyiwe ukutheleleka okuthe cwaka, okusho ukuthi kungahle kungabangeli zimpawu, kushabalale ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu azi ukuthi ikhona.

Kodwa-ke, lapho kubangela izimpawu, uphawu oluyinhloko ukuvela kwesigaxa esincane endaweni yokulunywa okuthi, ngemuva kwamasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa, siphenduke isilonda esikhulu, esiyindilinga. Kanye nalezi zinguquko kungahle kube khona nobuhlungu endaweni ethintekile nokuvuvukala kwezilimi eduze kwesiza. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-leishmaniasis enqamulelayo.

2. I-visceral leishmaniasis

Cishe wonke amacala e-visceral leishmaniasis aqala ngomkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-38ºC ohlala amasonto ambalwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, umkhuhlane uyehla uze unyamalale, kodwa ubuya ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho. Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• Ukuvuvukala kwesisu, cishe amasonto ama-2 ngemuva kokuqala kwemfiva;
• Izilimi ezibuhlungu;
• Ukwehla kwesisindo nobuthakathaka obuningi;
• Amabala amnyama esikhunjeni;
• Kungenzeka kube nohudo.

Uma lolu hlobo lwesifo seluthuthuke kakhulu, kungavela ne-anemia enamandla, engaholela ezinkingeni zenhliziyo, kanye nokopha emakhaleni, emehlweni nasezihlalweni. Uma ukwelashwa kungaqalwa, ukukhula kwezifo ezimbi kakhulu njenge-pneumonia, isimungumungwane noma isifo sofuba, okusongela impilo, kuyenzeka kaningi. Bona ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-visceral leishmaniasis kwenziwa kanjani ukugwema izinkinga.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma kukhona okusolisayo

Uma kukhona izinsolo zokutheleleka nge-leishmaniasis kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya esibhedlela ngokushesha uyohlola igazi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi isifo sikhona yini emzimbeni.

Ngokuvamile, i-leishmaniasis enqunyiwe ingatholakala ngisho nangaphandle kwezivivinyo, ngoba ukuvela kwamanxeba ngemuva kokulunywa kwanele ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esimweni se-visceral leishmaniasis, izimpawu zingafana nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqondile futhi, kwezinye izimo, i-biopsy ye-spleen noma umgogodla kungadingeka ukuze uqiniseke yokuxilongwa bese uqala ukwelashwa okufanele.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-leishmaniasis kungahluka ngokwendlela efakiwe. Ezimweni ze-leishmaniasis enqunyiwe, ukwelashwa okuthile kungahle kungadingeki, njengoba izinguquko zesikhumba zivame ukunyamalala zodwa. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-antiparasitic, njenge-Amphotericin B, ekhonjiswe ngudokotela kungasheshisa ukutakula.

Endabeni ye-visceral leishmaniasis, ukwelashwa kudingekile ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi kwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-Amphotericin B noma imishanguzo yokulwa ne-pentavalent, eqinile ekulweni nokutheleleka, kepha nayo edala imiphumela emibi eminingi.

Ukuhanjiswa nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani

Ukudluliswa kwe-leishmaniasis kubantu kwenzeka kuphela ngokulunywa kwalesi sinambuzane esinegciwane. Ngakho-ke, ukuphela kwendlela yokuzivikela kulesi sifo ukuvikela ukulunywa omiyane ngokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela ezinjengalezi:

• Sebenzisa amanethi omiyane noma amakhethini axosha amafasitela neminyango ekhaya;
• Faka isicelo sokuxosha esikhunjeni noma usisebenzise njalo izifutho izinambuzane:
• Faka amakhola wezinambuzane ezilwaneni ezifuywayo bese ugoma lezi zilwane;
• Gwema ukugeza emifuleni noma emachibini aseduzane nehlathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba isinambuzane esenza ukuthi ukudluliswa kukhiqize ezintweni eziphilayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukuqoqwa kukadoti nemfucuza ngaphakathi endlini nasezindaweni eziseduze nendawo yokuhlala.

Lezi zinyathelo zokuzivikela, ngaphezu kokuvikela i-leishmaniasis, zivikela nakwezinye izifo ezibangelwa ukulunywa yizinambuzane ezifana neDengue, iZika noma iChikungunya Fever, isibonelo. Bona ezinye izindlela zokuzivikela ekulunyweni izinambuzane.