Kuyini i-Spinal Stroke?

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi lomgogodla?
• Yini ebangela isifo sohlangothi lomgogodla?
• Ukushaywa komgogodla ezinganeni
• Ukuhlonza isifo sohlangothi lomgogodla
• Uphathwa kanjani unhlangothi?
• Izinkinga zesifo somgogodla
• Ukululama nombono

Ukubuka konke

I-stroke yomgogodla, ebizwa nangokuthi i-spinal cord stroke, yenzeka lapho ukunqanyulwa kwegazi entanjeni yomgogodla kunqamuka. Intambo yomgogodla iyingxenye yesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi (CNS), efaka nobuchopho. Lapho ukunikezwa kwegazi kunqanyuliwe, umgogodla awukwazi ukuthola umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba. Izicubu zomgogodla zingalimala futhi zingakwazi ukuthumela imizwa yezinzwa (imiyalezo) kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Le mizwa yezinzwa ibalulekile ekulawuleni imisebenzi yomzimba, njengokuhambisa izingalo nemilenze, nokuvumela izitho zakho ukuthi zisebenze kahle.

Iningi lokushaywa komgogodla kubangelwa ukuvimba emithanjeni yegazi ehambisa igazi emgogodleni, njengegazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-ischemic spinal strokes. Inani elincane lokushaywa komgogodla kubangelwa ukuphuma kwegazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yimivimbo yomgogodla wokopha.

I-stroke yomgogodla ihlukile kune-stroke ethinta ubuchopho. Ekushayweni ubuchopho, ukunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni kuyavalwa. Ukushaywa komgogodla akuvamile kakhulu kunokwelashwa okuthinta ubuchopho, okubalwa ngaphansi kwamaphesenti amabili kuyo yonke imivimbo.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi lomgogodla?

Izimpawu zesifo somgogodla zixhomeke ekutheni iyiphi ingxenye yomgogodla ethintekayo nokuthi ungakanani umonakalo owenziwe entanjeni yomgogodla.

Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu zizovela ngokuzumayo, kepha zingafika emahoreni ngemuva kokuvela kohlangothi. Izimpawu zifaka:

• intamo engazelelwe futhi enzima noma ubuhlungu beqolo
• ubuthakathaka bemisipha emilenzeni
• izinkinga zokulawula isisu nesinye (ukungakwazi ukubamba)
• uzizwe sengathi kunebhande eliqinile elizungeze i-torso
• ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha
• ukuba ndikindiki
• ukuzwa ukuzwa
• ukukhubazeka
• ukungakwazi ukuzwa ukushisa noma ukubanda

Lokhu kuhlukile ekushayweni yisifo sobuchopho, nakho okuholela ku:

• kunzima ukukhuluma
• izinkinga zokubona
• ukudideka
• isiyezi
• ikhanda elibuhlungu

Yini ebangela isifo sohlangothi lomgogodla?

I-stroke yomgogodla idalwa ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwegazi emgogodleni. Isikhathi esiningi, lokhu kungumphumela wokuncipha kwemithambo (imithambo yegazi) ehambisa igazi emgogodleni. Ukuncipha kwemithambo yegazi kubizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis. I-atherosclerosis ibangelwa uqweqwe oluningi.

Imithambo yegazi ivamise ukuba ncipha futhi ibe buthakathaka njengoba sikhula. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanezimo ezilandelayo basengozini enkulu yokuba nemithambo emincane noma ebuthakathaka:

• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• cholesterol ephezulu
• Isifo senhliziyo
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• isifo sikashukela

Abantu ababhemayo, abaphuza kakhulu utshwala, noma abangazilolongi njalo nabo basengozini.

I-stroke yomgogodla ingabangelwa lapho i-clot yegazi ivimba komunye wemithambo ehambisa umgogodla. Ihlule legazi lingakha noma kuphi emzimbeni futhi lihambe egazini kuze kube yilapho linamathela emthanjeni oncishisiwe ngenxa yoqwembe. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yisifo sohlangothi.

Amaphesenti amancane okushaywa komgogodla kwenzeka lapho omunye wemithambo yegazi ohlinzeka ngomgogodla uqhuma uvuleke bese uqala ukopha. Imbangela yalolu hlobo lokushaywa wumgogodla, obizwa nangokuthi isifo sohlangothi esibuhlungu, wumfutho wegazi ophezulu noma i-aneurysm eqhumayo. I-aneurysm iyisigaxa odongeni lomthambo.

Ngaphansi kokujwayelekile, isifo sohlangothi somgogodla kungaba inkinga yalezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• izicubu, kufaka phakathi ama-chordomas omgogodla
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yomgogodla
• ukulimala, njengokulimala kwesibhamu
• isifo sofuba somgogodla noma ezinye izifo ezungeze umgogodla, njengethumba
• ukucindezelwa komgogodla
• i-cauda equine syndrome (i-CES)
• ukuhlinzwa esiswini noma kwenhliziyo

Ukushaywa komgogodla ezinganeni

I-stroke yomgogodla enganeni ayivamile ngokweqile. Imbangela yesifo sohlangothi lomgogodla ezinganeni ihlukile kunaleso sabantu abadala. Isikhathi esiningi, isifo sohlangothi lomgogodla enganeni sidalwa ukulimala komgogodla, noma isimo sokuzalwa esizodala izinkinga ngemithambo yegazi noma sithinte ukujiya kwegazi. Izimo zokuzalwa ezingadala ukushaywa komgogodla ezinganeni zifaka:

• ukukhubazeka kwamapayipi, isimo esidala amaqoqo amancane emithambo yegazi engavamile, ekhulisiwe ephuma ngezikhathi ezithile
• ukukhubazeka komzimba, i-tangle engavamile yemikhumbi ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni
• isifo se-moyamoya, isimo esingajwayelekile lapho imithambo ethile esezansi kobuchopho icindezelekile
• i-vasculitis (ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi)
• ukuphazamiseka kokuqina
• ukungabi novithamini K
• izifo, njenge-bacterial meningitis
• i-sickle cell anemia
• i-umbilical artery catheter enganeni esanda kuzalwa
• inkinga yokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo

Kwezinye izimo, imbangela yokushaywa umgogodla enganeni ayaziwa.

Ukuhlonza isifo sohlangothi lomgogodla

Esibhedlela, udokotela uzokubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha bese enza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho kungenzeka asole inkinga ngomgogodla. Bangafuna ukukhipha ezinye izimo ezingaba ukucindezela intambo yomgogodla, njenge-disc eshelelweyo, isimila noma ithumba.

Ukuthola isifo sohlangothi lomgogodla, udokotela wakho cishe uzothatha ukuskena kwe-magnetic resonance imaging, okubizwa kakhulu nge-MRI. Lolu hlobo lokuskena lwakha izithombe zomgogodla ezichazwe kabanzi kune-X-ray.

Uphathwa kanjani unhlangothi?

Ukwelashwa kuhloswe ekwelapheni imbangela yesifo somgogodla nokunciphisa izimpawu, isibonelo:

• Ukwelapha i-clot yegazi, ungahle unikezwe imishanguzo eyaziwa njenge-antiplatelet kanye ne-anticoagulant drug, efana ne-aspirin ne-warfarin (Coumadin).Le mithi inciphisa amathuba okuthi kwakheke elinye ihlwili.
• Ukuze uthole umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ungahle unikezwe umuthi owehlisa umfutho wegazi.
• Ukuze uthole i-cholesterol ephezulu ungahle unikezwe imithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi, njenge-statin.
• Uma ukhubazeka noma ulahlekelwa umuzwa ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba wakho, ungahle udinge ukwelashwa ngokomzimba nangokomsebenzi ukugcina ukusebenza kwemisipha yakho.
• Uma une-incadence yesinye, ungadinga ukusebenzisa ipayipi lomchamo.
• Uma isifo sohlangothi lomgogodla sibangelwa isimila, ama-corticosteroids asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Isimila sizosuswa ngokuhlinzwa.

Uma ubhema, cishe uzocelwa ukuthi uyeke. Ukuze uthuthukise umfutho wegazi lakho namazinga e-cholesterol, kufanele futhi udle ukudla okunomsoco nokunempilo okunothe izithelo, imifino, nezinhlamvu ezigcwele.

Izinkinga zesifo somgogodla

Izinkinga zincike ekutheni iyiphi ingxenye yomgogodla ethintekayo. Isibonelo, uma ukuhanjiswa kwegazi ngaphambili komgogodla kunciphile, imilenze yakho ingakhubazeka unomphela.

Ezinye izinkinga zifaka:

• ubunzima bokuphefumula
• ukukhubazeka unomphela
• ukungalingani kwamathumbu nesinye
• ukungasebenzi ngokocansi
• ubuhlungu bemisipha, obuhlangene, noma bezinzwa
• izilonda zengcindezi ngenxa yokulahlekelwa umuzwa ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba
• izinkinga zethoni yemisipha, njengokuqina (ukuqina okungalawuleki emisipheni) noma ukungabi bikho kwethoni yemisipha (i-flaccidity)
• ukudana

Ukululama nombono

Ukubuyiselwa kanye nokubuka konke kuncike ekutheni ithambo lomgogodla lithinteke kangakanani nempilo yakho yonke, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi uthole ukululama okugcwele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abantu abaningi ngeke bakwazi ukuhamba isikhashana ngemuva kokushaywa umgogodla futhi kuzodingeka basebenzise ipayipi lomchamo.

Kokunye ukuhlola kwabantu ababenesifo sohlangothi lomgogodla, amaphesenti angama-40 akwazi ukuzimela ngemuva kwesikhathi esilandelwayo sokulandela iminyaka engu-4.5, amaphesenti angama-30 akwazi ukuhamba ngosizo lokuhamba, kanti amaphesenti angama-20 ayehamba ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile. Ngokufanayo, cishe abantu abangamaphesenti angama-40 baphinde bathola ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwesinye, cishe amaphesenti angama-30 abenezinkinga eziphakathi kokungalawuleki, kanti amaphesenti angama-20 asadinga ukusebenzisa ipayipi lomchamo.