Ama-Superbacteria: ayini, ayini nokuthi ukwelashwa kanjani

-Delile

• Ama-superbugs amakhulu
• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Uwasebenzisa kanjani ama-antibiotic ngendlela efanele

Ama-Superbacteria amabhaktheriya athola ukumelana nama-antibiotic ahlukahlukene ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okungalungile kwale mithi, futhi aziwa nangokuthi amabhaktheriya amelana nemithi eminingi. Ukusetshenziswa okungalungile noma okuvamile kwama-antibiotic kungavumela ukuvela kwezinguquko kanye nezinqubo zokumelana nokulungiswa kwala mabhaktheriya alwa namagciwane, okwenza kube nzima ukwelashwa.

Ama-Superbacteria atholakala kakhulu esibhedlela, ikakhulukazi amakamelo okuhlinzwa kanye ne-Intensive Care Unit (ICU), ngenxa yesistimu yomzimba yeziguli ebuthakathaka. Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa ngokungakhethi kwama-antibiotic namasosha omzimba esiguli, ukubonakala kwama-superbugs kuhlobene nezinqubo ezenziwa ngaphakathi esibhedlela kanye nemikhuba yenhlanzeko yezandla, ngokwesibonelo.

Ama-superbugs amakhulu

Amagciwane amelana nemithi eminingi atholakala kaningi ezibhedlela, ikakhulukazi kuma-ICU nasezinkundleni zemidlalo. Lokhu kumelana nobuningi kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okungalungile kwama-antibiotic, kungaba ukuphazamisa ukwelashwa okunconywe udokotela noma ukusebenzisa lapho kungakhonjisiwe, okwenza kube khona ama-superbugs, okuqala kakhulu:

• I-Staphylococcus aureus, ephikisana ne-methicillin futhi ibizwa nge-MRSA. Funda kabanzi mayelana I-Staphylococcus aureus nokuthi ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani;
• UKlebsiella pneumoniae, obeye aziwe njengo UKlebsiella umkhiqizi we-carbapenemase, noma i-KPC, angama-bacterium angakhiqiza i-enzyme ekwazi ukuvimbela ukusebenza kwama-antibiotic athile. Bona ukuthi ungabona kanjani futhi welaphe ukutheleleka kwe-KPC;
• I-Acinetobacter baumannii, etholakala emanzini, enhlabathini nasesibhedlela, ezinye izinhlobo zingamelana nama-aminoglycosides, ama-fluoroquinolones nama-beta-lactams;
• UPseudomonas aeruginosa, okuthathwa njenge-microorganism engosomathuba edala ukutheleleka ikakhulukazi kuma-ICU ezigulini ezinamasosha omzimba abuthaka;
• I-Enterococcus faecium, okuvame ukudala izifo ezithwala umchamo namathumbu kubantu abalaliswe ezibhedlela;
• UProteus sp., okuhlobene kakhulu nezifo zomgudu womchamo kuma-ICU futhi ezithole ukumelana namagciwane amaningi;
• I-Neisseria gonorrhoeae, okuyibhaktheriya elibhekele i-gonorrhea kanti ezinye izinhlobo sezivele zikhonjwe njengemelana nemithi eminingi, okukhombisa ukumelana kakhulu ne-Azithromycin, ngakho-ke, isifo esibangelwa yilawa magciwane saziwa njenge-supergonorrhea.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunamanye amabhaktheriya aqala ukwakha izindlela zokumelana nama-antibiotic ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo zawo, njenge Salmonella sp., Shigella sp.,I-Haemophilus influenzae futhi I-Campylobacter spp. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kuba nzima kakhulu, ngoba kunzima ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane ezincane, futhi lesi sifo sibucayi kakhulu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Ukuvela kwe-superbug akuvamisile ukudala izimpawu, kuphela izimpawu zesici sokutheleleka eziqashelwayo, ezihluka ngohlobo lwama-bacteria abhekele lesi sifo. Imvamisa ukutholakala kwama-superbugs kubonakala lapho ukwelashwa okuboniswe udokotela kungasebenzi, ngokuvela kwezimpawu, ngokwesibonelo.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okusha kwe-microbiological kanye ne-antibiotic entsha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ngabe amabhaktheriya asethole ukumelana futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ukuthola ukwelashwa okusha. Bona ukuthi i-antibiotic yenziwa kanjani.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwama-superbugs kuyahluka ngohlobo lokumelana namagciwane, futhi kwezinye izimo kunconywa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwenziwe esibhedlela ngemijovo yenhlanganisela yama-antibiotic ngqo emthanjeni ukulwa namagciwane nokuvimbela ukuvela kwezifo ezintsha.

Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa isiguli kufanele sihlukaniswe futhi ukuvakasha kufanele kuvinjelwe, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izingubo, izifihla-buso namagilavu ​​ukugwema ukungcoliswa abanye abantu. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlanganiswa kwama-antibiotic angaphezu kwama-2 kungadingeka ukuthi i-superbug ilawulwe futhi isuswe. Yize ukwelashwa kunzima, kungenzeka ukulwa ngokuphelele nama-bacteria amelana nemithi eminingi.

Uwasebenzisa kanjani ama-antibiotic ngendlela efanele

Ukuze usebenzise ama-antibiotic ngendlela efanele, ugweme ukuthuthukiswa kwama-superbugs, kubalulekile ukuthatha ama-antibiotic kuphela uma kunqunywe udokotela, ngokulandela umthamo nesikhathi semikhombandlela yokusetshenziswa, noma ngabe izimpawu seziphelile ngaphambi kokuphela kokwelashwa.

Lokhu kunakekelwa kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ngoba lapho izimpawu ziqala ukuncipha, abantu bayayeka ukuthatha i-antibiotic ngakho-ke amabhaktheriya athole ukumelana kakhulu nemithi, okubeka wonke umuntu engcupheni.

Okunye ukuqaphela okubalulekile nje ukuthenga ama-antibiotic ngomuthi kadokotela futhi lapho uselaphekile, thatha wonke umuthi osele ekhemisi, ungalahli amaphakheji kudoti, endlini yangasese, noma kusinki ekhishini ukugwema ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, okwenza futhi amabhaktheriya amelane kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukulwa nawo. Nakhu ukuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukumelana namagciwane.