Ukuphazamiseka kwe-TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint)

-Delile

• Yini ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-TMJ?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-TMJD?
• Ixilongwa kanjani i-TMJD?
• Iphathwa kanjani i-TMJD?
• Kungavinjelwa kanjani i-TMJD?
• I-Outlook yezinkinga ze-TMJ

Yini i-TMJ?

I-temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ilunga elixhumanisa i-mandible yakho (umhlathi ophansi) nogebhezi lwakho. Ijoyini lingatholakala ezinhlangothini zombili zekhanda lakho phambi kwezindlebe zakho. Ivumela umhlathi wakho ukuba uvule futhi uvale, ikwenze ukwazi ukukhuluma nokudla.

Lesi sifinyezo siphinde sasetshenziselwa ukubhekisa eqenjini lezinkinga zezempilo ezihlobene nomhlathi wakho, kepha lokhu kuya ngokufingqiwe ngokujwayelekile njenge-TMD noma i-TMJD ukuhlukanisa ukuhlangana kwe-temporomandibular uqobo ezinkingeni ze-TMJ. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kungadala ubumnene ekuhlanganyeleni, ebusweni, kanye nobunzima bokuhambisa okuhlangene.

Ngokusho kweNational Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, abantu abangafika ezigidini eziyishumi baseMelika baphethwe yi-TMJD. I-TMJD ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunabesilisa. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kuyelapheka, kepha kunezimbangela eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezingaba khona. Lokhu kungenza ukuxilongwa kube nzima.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi nge-TMJD. Kufanele uxoxe nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka nodokotela wakho.

Yini ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-TMJ?

Ezimweni eziningi, akwaziwa ukuthi yini ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-TMJ. Ukuhlukumezeka emhlathini noma ekuhlanganyeleni kungadlala indima. Kukhona nezinye izimo zezempilo ezingaba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni i-TMJD. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• isifo samathambo
• ukuguguleka kwenhlanganisela
• umkhuba wokugaya noma wokugedla amazinyo
• Izinkinga zomhlathi ezihlelekile zikhona lapho kuzalwa

Kunezinye izinto ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokwakhiwa kwe-TMJD, kepha azikaze zifakazelwe ukuthi zibanga i-TMJD. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukusetshenziswa kwama-brace orthodontic
• ukuma kabi okucindezela imisipha yentamo nobuso
• ukucindezeleka isikhathi eside
• ukungadli kahle
• ukungalali

Ziyini izimpawu ze-TMJD?

Izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-TMJ zixhomeke ebucayi nasenkingeni yesimo sakho. Uphawu oluvame kakhulu lwe-TMJD ubuhlungu emhlathini nasemisipheni ezungezile. Ezinye izimpawu ezihlotshaniswa nalezi zinkinga zifaka:

• ubuhlungu obungazwakala ebusweni noma entanyeni
• ukuqina emisipheni yomhlathi
• ukunyakaza okulinganiselwe komhlathi
• ukukhiya umhlathi
• ngokuchofoza noma ukuphuma komsindo kusuka kusayithi le-TMJ
• shintsha emhlathini, ushintshe indlela okuqondanisa ngayo amazinyo aphezulu naphansi (abizwa ngokuthi yi-malocclusion)

Izimpawu zingavela ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso, noma zombili.

Ixilongwa kanjani i-TMJD?

Kungaba nzima ukuxilonga izifo ze-TMJ. Azikho izivivinyo ezijwayelekile zokuthola lezi zinkinga. Udokotela wakho angakudlulisela kudokotela wamazinyo noma endlebeni, ekhaleni, nasemphakathini (ENT) ukuthola isimo sakho.

Udokotela wakho angahlola umhlathi wakho ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvuvukala noma isisa uma unezimpawu zesifo i-TMJ. Udokotela wakho futhi angasebenzisa izivivinyo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zokucabanga. Lokhu kungafaka:

• I-X-ray yomhlathi
• I-CT scan yomhlathi ukubona amathambo nezicubu ezihlangene
• I-MRI yomhlathi ukubona ukuthi kunezinkinga yini ngesakhiwo somhlathi

Iphathwa kanjani i-TMJD?

Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-TMJ zingelashwa ngemikhuba yokuzinakekela ekhaya. Ukwehlisa izimpawu ze-TMJ unga:

• udle ukudla okuthambile
• sebenzisa iqhwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala
• ukunciphisa ukunyakaza kwemihlathi
• gwema ushungamu nokudla okunzima (njengenkomo yenkomo)
• ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka
• sebenzisa izivivinyo zokwelula imihlathi ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukunyakaza komhlathi

Ungadinga usizo kudokotela wakho uma izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki ngalezi zindlela zokwelapha. Ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho angakunikeza noma ancome okulandelayo:

• imithi yobuhlungu (njenge-ibuprofen)
• imithi yokuphumuza imisipha yomhlathi (njengeFlexeril, Soma, noma iValium)
• imithi yokusiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emhlathini (izidakamizwa ze-corticosteroid)
• ukuzinza noma ukuqapha onogada ukuvimbela ukugaya amazinyo
• I-Botox ukunciphisa ukungezwani emisipheni nasemithanjeni yomhlathi
• ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo ukusiza ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka

Ezimweni ezingavamile, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlinzwa noma ezinye izinqubo zokwelapha isimo sakho. Izinqubo zingafaka:

• ukwelashwa kwamazinyo okulungisa ukuthuthukisa ukuluma kwakho nokuvumelanisa amazinyo akho
• i-arthrocentesis, esusa uketshezi nemfucumfucu ejoyintini
• ukuhlinzwa esikhundleni selungu

Izinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha lesi simo kungenzeka, kwezinye izimo, zenze izimpawu zakho zibe zimbi kakhulu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezingozi ezingaba khona zalezi zinqubo.

Kungavinjelwa kanjani i-TMJD?

Ungase ungakwazi ukuvimbela i-TMJD ekuthuthukiseni, kepha ungakwazi ukunciphisa izimpawu ngokunciphisa amazinga akho okucindezeleka. Kungaba usizo ukuzama ukuyeka ukugaya amazinyo akho uma lokhu kuyinkinga kuwe. Izixazululo ezingaba khona zokugaya amazinyo zifaka ukugqoka umlomo ebusuku nokuthatha izidambisi zemisipha. Ungasiza futhi ekuvimbeleni ukugaya kwamazinyo ngokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwakho konke nokukhathazeka ngokwelulekwa, ukuzivocavoca umzimba nokudla.

I-Outlook yezinkinga ze-TMJ

Umbono wesifo se-TMJ uncike embangela yenkinga. I-TMD ingelashwa ngempumelelo kubantu abaningi ngamakhambi asekhaya, njengokushintsha ukuma noma ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka. Uma isimo sakho sibangelwa yisifo esingelapheki (sesikhathi eside) esifana nesifo samathambo, ukuguquka kwendlela yokuphila kungahle kunganeli. I-arthritis ingalinciphisa ilunga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ikhuphule nobuhlungu.

Ezimweni eziningi izinguquko zewaranti ze-TMJD zishintsha imikhuba yokuphila, mhlawumbe kuhlanganiswe nemithi yokudambisa noma yibuphi ubuhlungu nokungahambi kahle. Imithi enobudlova ayidingeki kakhulu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinketho zakho ukuze unqume ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okulungele wena.