Ukufakelwa kwesibindi: lapho kuboniswa futhi kululama kanjani

-Delile

• Lapho kukhonjiswa
• Ungakulungiselela kanjani ukufakelwa kabusha
• Lulama kanjani
• 1. Esibhedlela
• 2. Ekhaya
• Imiphumela engemihle yemithi

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kuyindlela yokuhlinza ekhonjisiwe kubantu abanokulimala okukhulu kwesibindi, ukuze umsebenzi walesi sitho ubekeke engcupheni, njengasesimweni sokuqina kwesibindi, ukwehluleka kwesibindi, umdlavuza wesibindi kanye ne-cholangitis.

Ngakho-ke, lapho kunenkomba yokufakelwa kwesibindi, kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu agcine ukudla okunempilo futhi okunempilo, ukugwema ukulimala komzimba okuqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ukufakelwa kugunyaziwe, kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu aqale ukushesha okuphelele ukuze ukufakelwa kwenziwe.

Ngemuva kokufakelwa, umuntu uvame ukuhlala phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kwezingu-14 esibhedlela ukuze akwazi ukulandelwa yithimba lezokwelapha futhi abhekwe ukuthi umzimba uphendula kanjani esithweni esisha, futhi kungenzeka futhi ukuvimbela izinkinga.

Lapho kukhonjiswa

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kungakhonjiswa lapho isitho sonakaliswe kakhulu futhi siyeke ukusebenza, njengoba kungenzeka uma kwenzeka isifo sokuqina kwesibindi, i-hepatitis egcwele noma umdlavuza kulesi sitho, kubantu banoma yibuphi ubudala, kubandakanya nezingane.

Kukhona inkomba yokufakelwa kabusha lapho imithi, i-radiotherapy noma i-chemotherapy ingakwazi ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwayo okufanele. Kulokhu, isiguli kufanele siqhubeke nokwenza ukwelashwa okuphakanyiswe udokotela futhi senze izivivinyo ezidingekayo kuze kuvele umuntu onikela ngesibindi ohambisanayo, ongaphakathi kwesisindo esifanele futhi ngaphandle kwenkinga yezempilo.

Ukufakelwa kungaboniswa uma kwenzeka izifo ezibucayi noma ezingapheli, ezinamathuba amancane okuvela futhi ngemuva kokufakelwa, njenge:

• Isifo sokuqina kwesibindi;
• Izifo umzimba;
• I-sclerosing cholangitis;
• Biliary ipheshana atresia;
• I-hepatitis engapheli;
• Ukuhluleka kwesibindi.

Ezinye izifo ezingahle zingakulungeli ukufakelwa kabusha isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B, ngoba igciwane livame ukuhlala esibindini 'esisha' futhi uma kwenzeka isifo sokuqina kwesibindi sibangelwa ukuphuza ngokweqile, ngoba uma umuntu eqhubeka nokuphuza isitho 'esisha' ngokweqile kuzophinde ilimale. Ngakho-ke, udokotela kufanele akhombise ukuthi ukufakelwa kungenziwa nini noma kungenziwa nini ngokuya ngesifo sesibindi somuntu nempilo yomuntu jikelele.

Ungakulungiselela kanjani ukufakelwa kabusha

Ukulungiselela lolu hlobo lwenqubo, kufanele kudliwe ukudla okufanele, kugwenywe ukudla okunothe ngamafutha noshukela, kunikezwe imifino, izithelo nenyama enciphile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhona ukuze akwazi ukuphenya nokuqala ukwelashwa okufanele.

Lapho udokotela ethintana naye, ebiza umuntu ukuthi amfakele, kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu aqale ngokushesha okuphelele futhi aye esibhedlela esibonisiwe ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze kwenziwe inqubo.

Umuntu ozokwamukela uhlaka olunikelwayo kufanele abe nomlingani oneminyaka yobudala esemthethweni futhi alethe yonke imibhalo edingekayo ukuze amukelwe ukuthola isitho. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kujwayelekile ukuthi umuntu abe se-ICU okungenani izinsuku eziyi-10 kuye kwezingu-14.

Lulama kanjani

Ngemuva kokufakelwa isibindi, umuntu uvame ukuhlala esibhedlela amasonto ambalwa ukuze kubhekwe futhi kubhekwe ukusabela komzimba esithombeni esisha, kuvimbele izinkinga ezingase zivele.Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, umuntu angaya ekhaya, noma kunjalo, kufanele balandele izincomo ezithile zezokwelapha ukukhuthaza izinga labo lempilo, njengokusebenzisa imishanguzo yokuvikela ukuzivikela, ngokwesibonelo.

Ngemuva kokufakelwa, umuntu angaba nempilo ejwayelekile, lapho kudingeka ukulandela imiyalo kadokotela, abhekwe njalo ngokubonisana nokwelashwa nokuhlolwa futhi abe nemikhuba yokuphila enempilo.

1. Esibhedlela

Ngemuva kokufakelwa, umuntu kufanele angeniswe esibhedlela isikhathi esingangesonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili ukuqapha ingcindezi, izinga le-glucose egazini, ukunqamuka kwegazi, ukusebenza kwezinso nokunye okubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi ngabe umuntu uphilile nokuthi izifo zingavikeleka yini.

Ekuqaleni, umuntu kufanele ahlale e-ICU, kepha, kusukela lapho esezinzile, angaya egumbini ukuze aqhubeke nokugadwa. Kusesibhedlela, umuntu angenza izikhathi ze-physiotherapy ukwenza ngcono ukuphefumula futhi anciphise ubungozi bezinkinga zezimoto njengokuqina kwemisipha nokunciphisa, i-thrombosis nokunye.

2. Ekhaya

Kusukela lapho umuntu azinzile khona, azikho izimpawu zokwenqatshwa futhi izivivinyo zithathwa njengezijwayelekile, udokotela angamkhipha lowo muntu inqobo nje uma umuntu elandela ukwelashwa ekhaya.

Ukwelashwa ekhaya kufanele kwenziwe ngokusetshenziswa kwamakhambi we-immunosuppressive akhonjiswe udokotela futhi asebenza ngqo kumasosha omzimba, anciphise ubungozi bokwenqatshwa esithweni esitshalwe kabusha. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yalokho kunengozi enkulu yokuthola izifo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi umthamo womuthi wenele ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukwenza izinto ngokuhlasela izinto ezithathelanayo ezihlaselayo ngasikhathi sinye lapho ukwaliwa komzimba kungenzeki.

Eminye imishanguzo engasetshenziswa i-prednisone, cyclosporine, azathioprine, globulins nama-monoclonal antibodies, kepha umthamo uyahlukahluka uye komunye umuntu ngoba kuncike ezintweni eziningi okumele zihlolwe udokotela, njengesifo esiholele ukufakelwa, ubudala, isisindo nezinye izifo zikhona njengezinkinga zenhliziyo nesifo sikashukela.

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwemithi, kunconywa ukuthi lowo muntu abe nemikhuba yokuphila enempilo, agweme ukuphuza iziphuzo ezidakayo nokudla okunamafutha, nokwenza umkhuba omncane wokuzivocavoca umzimba okufanele unconywe wungoti wezemfundo yomzimba.

Imiphumela engemihle yemithi

Ngokusetshenziswa kwama-immunosuppressants, izimpawu ezinjengokuvuvukala komzimba, ukukhuluphala kwesisindo, inani lenyuka lezinwele emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ebusweni besifazane, i-osteoporosis, ukugaya ukudla okungafanele, ukulahleka kwezinwele kanye ne-thrush kungavela. Ngakho-ke, umuntu kufanele abheke izimpawu ezivelayo futhi akhulume nodokotela ukuze akhombise ukuthi yini engenziwa ukulawula lezi zimpawu ezingathandeki, ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba.