Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo: lapho kukhonjiswa, ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani nokuthi kuyingozi kanjani

-Delile

• Lapho ukufakelwa kabusha kukhonjisiwe
• Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Ungazi kanjani ukuthi ukufakelwa kabusha kuyahambisana
• Izingozi ezingenzeka zokufakelwa kabusha

Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo wuhlobo lokwelashwa olungasetshenziswa uma kwenzeka izifo ezibucayi ezithinta umnkantsha wethambo, okwenza ukuthi lingakwazi ukufeza umsebenzi walo wokukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi namasosha omzimba, amaseli abomvu egazi, ama-platelets, ama-lymphocyte nama-leukocyte .

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo:

• Ukufakelwa kabusha komnkantsha we-Autologous noma "ukufakelwa okuzenzakalelayo": isetshenziswa kakhulu kubantu abadinga i-radiotherapy noma i-chemotherapy. Kuqukethe ukususa amaseli anempilo emnkantsheni ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa bese uwajova futhi emzimbeni, ngemuva kokwelapha, ukuvumela ukwakhiwa komnkantsha onempilo.
• Ukufakelwa kabusha komnkantsha we-Allogeneic: amaseli azotshalwa kabusha athathwa kumnikeli ophilile, okufanele enze ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwamaseli, okuzobe sekutshalwe kabusha esigulini esifanelekile.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo zokufakelwa, kunendlela entsha eyenza kube nokwenzeka ukugcina ama-stem cell avela enkabeni yomntwana, angasetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezivela impilo yonke.

Lapho ukufakelwa kabusha kukhonjisiwe

Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo kuvame ukukhonjiswa ukwelapha:

• Umdlavuza wamathambo, njenge-leukemia, i-lymphoma noma i-myeloma eminingi;
• Ezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia, njenge-aplastic anemia, isifo se-sickle cell noma i-thalassemia;
• Ukulimala komgogodla ngenxa yokwelashwa okunolaka, njenge-chemotherapy;
• I-Neutropenia ukuzalwa.

Umnkantsha wenziwe ngamaseli we-hematopoietic stem, noma i-CTH, abhekele ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi namasosha omzimba. Ngakho-ke, ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo kwenziwa ngenhloso yokufaka umongo wethambo ongaphelele ngephilile ngokusebenzisa ama-HSC anempilo futhi asebenzayo.

Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo inqubo ehlala cishe emahoreni amabili futhi yenziwa ngokuhlinzwa nge-anesthesia ejwayelekile noma ye-epidural. Ekuhlinzweni, umnkantsha uyasuswa emathanjeni enqeni noma ethanjeni le-sternum lomnikeli onempilo futhi ohambisanayo.

Ngemuva kwalokho, amangqamuzana asusiwe afriziwe futhi agcinwa kuze kube yilapho umamukeli eseqedile ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye ne-radiotherapy okuhlose ukubulala amaseli amabi. Ekugcineni, amaseli omnkantsha anempilo afakwa egazini lesiguli ukuze likwazi ukwanda, likhiqize umnkantsha ophilile futhi likhiqize amangqamuzana egazi.

Ungazi kanjani ukuthi ukufakelwa kabusha kuyahambisana

Ukuhambisana kokufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo kufanele kuhlolwe ukugwema ubungozi bokwaliwa kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu, njengokuphuma ngaphakathi noma izifo. Ngalokhu, umuntu onganikela ngomnkantsha wamathambo kufanele aqoqe igazi esikhungweni esikhethekile, njenge-INCA, ukuze ahlolwe. Uma umnikeli engahambelani, angahlala kuhlu lwemininingwane ezobizelwa kwesinye isiguli esivumelana nayo. Thola ukuthi ngubani onganikela ngomnkantsha.

Imvamisa, inqubo yokuhlola ukuhambisana nomnkantsha wamathambo iqalwa ezinganeni zakubo zesiguli, ngoba maningi amathuba okuthi abe nomnkantsha ofanayo, bese enwetshelwa ezinhlwini zemininingwane kazwelonke, uma izingane zakwabo zingahambelani.

Izingozi ezingenzeka zokufakelwa kabusha

Izingozi ezinkulu noma izinkinga zokufakelwa komnkantsha wamathambo zifaka:

• Ukushoda kwegazi;
• Izimpophoma;
• Ukopha emaphashini, emathunjini noma ebuchosheni;
• Ukulimala ezinso, isibindi, amaphaphu noma inhliziyo;
• Izifo ezinzima;
• Ukwenqatshwa;
• Ukuxhunyelelwa kuqhathaniswa nesifo sokusingathwa;
• Ukusabela ku-anesthesia;
• Ukuphindaphinda kwesifo.

Izinkinga zokufakelwa komnkantsha wamathambo zivame kakhulu lapho umnikeli engahambelani ngokuphelele, kepha futhi zingahlobana nokuphendula komzimba wesiguli, yingakho kubalulekile ukwenza izivivinyo zaselebhu kumnikeli nakumamukeli ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana. kanye nokwenzeka kokuphendula. Futhi wazi ukuthi kwenzelwe ini nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani umongo we-bone marrow.