Siyini isifo sofuba, izinhlobo, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Yelashwa kanjani
• Isifo sofuba sinokwelapha
• Izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo sofuba
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Ukudluliselwa kwesifo sofuba

Isifo sofuba yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa Isifo sofuba iMycobacterium, edume kakhulu ngokuthi i-bacchus kaKoch, engena emzimbeni ngezindlela zomoya ezingaphezulu futhi ingene emaphashini noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ebalula isifo sofuba esivela ngaphandle kwamaphaphu.

Ngakho-ke, kuya ngokuthi amagciwane atholakala kuphi, isifo sofuba singahlukaniswa sibe:

• Isifo sofuba sePulmonary: Yisona sifo esijwayeleke kakhulu kulesi sifo futhi senzeka ngenxa yokungena kwe-bacillus engxenyeni ephezulu yokuphefumula kanye nokuhlala emaphashini. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sofuba lubonakala ngokukhwehlela okwomile noma okungapheli negazi noma ngaphandle kwalo, ukukhwehlela kuyindlela eyinhloko yokutheleleka, ngoba amaconsi amathe akhishwe ngesikhwehlela aqukethe ama-bacilli kaKoch, angatheleleka kwabanye abantu.
• Isifo sofuba se-Miliary: Ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbi kakhulu zesifo sofuba futhi yenzeka lapho i-bacillus ingena egazini futhi ifinyelela kuzo zonke izitho, enengozi yokuba ne-meningitis. Ngaphandle kokuthi iphaphu lithinteke kakhulu, ezinye izitho nazo zingathinteka.
• Ufuba lwamathambo: Noma kungajwayelekile kakhulu, kwenzeka lapho i-bacillus ikwazi ukungena futhi ikhule emathanjeni, okungadala izinhlungu nokuvuvukala, okungatholakali kuqala njalo kuphathwe njengesifo sofuba;
• Isifo sofuba se-Ganglionic: Kubangelwa ukungena kwe-bacillus ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic, futhi kungathinta i-ganglia yesifuba, i-groin, isisu noma, kaningi, entanyeni. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sofuba esivela ngaphandle kwamaphaphu aluthelelani futhi lungelapheka lapho selashwa ngendlela efanele. Qonda ukuthi siyini isifo sofuba i-ganglion, izimpawu, ukutheleleka nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukwelashwa.
• Isifo sofuba sePleural: Kwenzeka lapho i-bacillus ithinta i-pleura, izicubu ezidonsa amaphaphu, zidale ubunzima obukhulu ekuphefumuleni. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sofuba esivela ngaphandle kwamaphaphu aluthathelani, noma kunjalo lungatholakala uma uhlangana nomuntu onesifo sofuba samaphaphu noma ukuvela kwesifo sofuba samaphaphu.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelapha isifo sofuba kumahhala, ngakho-ke uma umuntu esola ukuthi unalesi sifo, kufanele aye esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sezempilo ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yesifo sofuba cishe izinyanga eziyisi-6 zilandelana noma ngokusho kwesiqondiso se-pulmonologist. Ngokuvamile, umuthi wokwelashwa okhonjiswe isifo sofuba yinhlanganisela yeRifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide ne-Ethambutol.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala eziyi-15 zokwelashwa, umuntu kufanele abekwe yedwa, ngoba usengakwazi ukudlulisela i-bacillus yesifo sofuba kwabanye abantu. Ngemuva kwaleso sikhathi ungabuyela enkambisweni yakho ejwayelekile bese uqhubeka nokusebenzisa imishanguzo. Qonda ukuthi isifo sofuba selashwa kanjani.

Isifo sofuba sinokwelapha

Isifo sofuba siyelapheka uma ukwelashwa kwenziwa kahle ngokuya ngezincomo zikadokotela. Isikhathi sokwelashwa sisondele ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezilandelanayo, okusho ukuthi noma izimpawu zinganyamalala evikini elilodwa, umuntu kufanele aqhubeke nokuthatha umuthi kuze kuphele izinyanga eziyisithupha. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, kungenzeka ukuthi i-bacillus yesifo sofuba ayikhishwa emzimbeni futhi lesi sifo aselapheki, ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba khona ukumelana namagciwane, okwenza ukwelashwa kube nzima kakhulu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo sofuba

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo sofuba samaphaphu ukoma nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo noma ngaphandle kwegazi, ukwehla kwesisindo, ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla nokuphefumula kanzima. Endabeni yesifo sofuba esivela ngaphandle kwamaphaphu, kungahle kube nokulahleka kwesifiso, ukuguqa, ukujuluka ebusuku nomkhuhlane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu nezimpawu zingavela endaweni lapho kufakwa khona i-bacillus. Bona ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu eziyisithupha zesifo sofuba.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba samaphaphu kungenziwa ngokwenza i-x-ray yesifuba nokuhlola isikhwehlela ngokufuna i-bacillus yesifo sofuba, ebizwa nangokuthi i-BAAR (Alcohol-Acid Resistant Bacillus). Ukuxilonga isifo sofuba esivela ngaphandle kwamaphaphu, kunconywa i-biopsy yezicubu ezithintekile. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba se-tuberculin nakho kungenziwa, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba se-tuberculin. UMantoux noma i-PPD, okungalungile ku-1/3 yeziguli. Qonda ukuthi i-PPD yenziwa kanjani.

Ukudluliselwa kwesifo sofuba

Ukudluliswa kofuba kungenzeka emoyeni, kusuka kumuntu kuye komunye umuntu ngokuhogela amaconsi anegciwane akhishwe ngokukhwehlela, ukuthimula noma ukukhuluma. Ukudluliselwa kungenzeka kuphela uma kunokubandakanyeka kwamaphaphu kanye nezinsuku ezifika kwezili-15 ngemuva kokuqala kokwelashwa.

Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ngenxa yezifo noma ngenxa yeminyaka, ababhemayo kanye / noma abasebenzisa izidakamizwa maningi amathuba okuthi batheleleke nge-bacillus yesifo sofuba bese beba nalesi sifo.

Ukuvimbela izinhlobo ezinzima kakhulu zesifo sofuba kungenziwa ngomuthi wokugoma we-BCG ebuntwaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukuthi kugwenywe izindawo ezivaliwe, ezingenamoya omncane ezinokungenwa yilanga okuncane noma okungatholanga nhlobo, kepha kubalulekile ukuhlala kude nabantu abatholwe benesifo sofuba. Bona ukuthi isifo sofuba sidluliselwa kanjani nokuthi singasinqanda kanjani.