Isimila sikaWilms: siyini, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Izimbangela ezingaba khona
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Izinketho zokwelashwa

Isimila sikaWilms, esibizwa nangokuthi i-nephroblastoma, uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile oluthinta izingane eziphakathi kweminyaka emibili nengu-5 ubudala, luvame kakhulu eminyakeni emithathu ubudala. Lolu hlobo lwesimila lubonakala ngokubandakanyeka kwesinso esisodwa noma zombili futhi kungabonwa ngokubonakala kwesisindo esinzima esiswini.

Lolu hlobo lwesimila luvame ukukhula ngaphandle kwezimpawu, lutholakale lapho selusezigabeni ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Yize kutholakala ukuthi sesivele sikhulu kakhulu, kukhona ukwelashwa futhi nezinga lokusinda liyahlukahluka kuye ngesigaba lapho kutholakala khona isimila, nethuba lokulashwa.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Isimila sikaWilms singakhula ngaphandle kwezimpawu, noma kunjalo, kujwayelekile ukubona isisindo esingathambeka esingabangeli ubuhlungu esiswini sengane, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi abazali bahambise ingane kudokotela wezingane ukuze bayenze.

Ezinye izimpawu ezingenzeka ngenxa yalesi simo yilezi:

• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla;
• Ukuvuvukala kwesisu;
• Imfiva;
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza;
• Ubukhona begazi emchameni;
• Ukwanda komfutho wegazi;
• Shintsha ngesilinganiso sokuphefumula.

Isimila sikaWilms sithinta kakhulu esinye sezinso, noma kunjalo, kungahle kube nokubandakanyeka kokubili noma ngisho nokuyekethisa ezinye izitho zomntwana, okwenza isimo somtholampilo kubhebhethekise futhi kuholele ezimpawu ezibucayi, njengokuphuma kwamehlo, ukushintshwa kokwazi ubunzima ekuphefumuleni.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona

Izimbangela zesimila sikaWilms azichazwanga kahle, akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi kukhona yini imithelela yefa nokuthi ngabe izinto ezithinta imvelo njengokuchayeka kukamama kumakhemikhali ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zidala lolu hlobo lwesimila. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zama-syndromes zihlobene nokuvela kwesimila sikaWilms, njenge-Fraser syndrome, i-Perlman syndrome, i-Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome ne-Li-Fraumeni syndrome.

Amanye ala ma-syndromes axhumene nezinguquko zofuzo nokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo futhi anofuzo oluthile, olubizwa nge-WT1 ne-WT2, futhi lokhu kungaholela ekuveleni kwesimila sikaWilms.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ezizalwe zinenkinga yokuzalwa zisengozini yokuba nalolu hlobo lwesimila, njengezingane ezine-cryptorchidism, okuyilapho isende lingehli khona. Thola kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-cryptorchidism kwenziwa kanjani.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngokushaya isisu ukuze kuhlolwe isisu esiswini, ngaphezu kokuhlola izimpawu ezivezwa yingane. Imvamisa udokotela wezingane ucela ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njenge-ultrasound, i-ultrasound, i-computed tomography kanye ne-magnetic resonance imaging, ukubheka ukuthi sikhona yini isimila.

Yize singakhula ngokushesha nangokuthula, isimila ngokuvamile sikhonjwa ngaphambi kokuthi ezinye izitho zibandakanyeke.

Izinketho zokwelashwa

Isimila sikaWills singelapheka ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa okufanele, okubandakanya ukukhipha izinso ezonakalisiwe, kulandelwe ukwelashwa okuhambisanayo, okwenziwa ngamakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, udokotela kufanele ahlaziye ezinye izitho zomzimba ukuze abone noma yiziphi ezinye izinguquko futhi ahlole imethastase, okuyilapho isimila sisakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Endabeni yokukhubazeka kwazo zombili izinso, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kube namathuba amaningi okuthi okungenani eyodwa yezinso izosebenza kahle, ngaphandle kokukhubazeka okungaka. Bona okuningi mayelana nokuthi yini i-chemotherapy nokuthi yenziwa kanjani.