Amakristalu Emchameni: Okudingeka Ukwazi

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zamakristalu omchamo
• Uric acid
• I-calcium oxalate
• I-Hippuric
• I-Magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite)
• I-calcium carbonate
• I-Bilirubin
• I-calcium phosphate
• I-Ammonium biurate
• Cholesterol
• I-cystine
• I-Leucine
• I-Tyrosine
• I-Indinavir
• Atholakala kanjani amakristalu omchamo?
• Ingabe lokhu kungagwemeka?
• Uyini umbono?

Kungani kukhona amakristalu emchameni wami?

Umchamo uqukethe inani elikhulu lamakhemikhali ahlukene. Ngaphansi kwezinye izimo, la makhemikhali angaqina abe amakristalu kasawoti. Lokhu kubizwa nge-crystalluria.

Amakristalu angatholakala emchameni wabantu abaphilile. Zingahle zidalwe yizinkinga ezincane njengokweqa okuncane kweprotheni noma uvithamini C. Izinhlobo eziningi zamakristalu omchamo awanabungozi.

Kwezinye izimo, noma kunjalo, amakristalu omchamo angaba izinkomba zesimo esibi kakhulu. Izimpawu ezizokhombisa isimo esibi kakhulu zingafaka:

• imfiva
• ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• igazi emchameni
• i-jaundice
• ukukhathala

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakristalu nokuthi aphathwa kanjani.

Izinhlobo zamakristalu omchamo

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakristalu omchamo.

Uric acid

Amakristalu e-Uric acid angaba yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomumo: umgqomo, okufana nepuleti, noma idayimane. Ngokuvamile anombala osawolintshi noma ophuzi ngombala.

Zitholakala emchameni ojwayelekile uma kubangelwa ukudla okunamaprotheni amaningi, okwandisa i-uric acid emchameni.

Zingabangelwa ngamatshe ezinso, i-gout, i-chemotherapy, noma i-tumor lysis syndrome.

Izimpawu zamatshe ezinso zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ohlangothini, noma bezinhlungu; isicanucanu; negazi emchameni. Izimpawu ze-gout zingabandakanya ubuhlungu obuvuthayo, ukuqina, nokuvuvukala ejoyintini.

Ukwelashwa kuya ngesimo esingaphansi, kepha ukuhlala unamanzi kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokwelapha amakristalu ngokwawo. Bheka lokhu kudla okunothe ngamanzi okungakusiza ukuthi uhlale unamanzi.

I-calcium oxalate

Amakristalu we-calcium oxalate abunjwe njengezimbumbulu noma izimvilophu. Azinambala futhi zitholakala emchameni onempilo.

Amakristalu we-calcium oxalate ahlotshaniswa kakhulu namatshe ezinso, angakha uma i-oxalate eningi kakhulu (etholakala ekudleni okunjengesipinashi) isesistimeni. Izimpawu zamatshe ezinso zifaka phakathi ukuqaqamba okukhulu noma ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, umkhuhlane, nobunzima bokudlulisa umchamo. La makhambi emvelo angakusiza ekulweni namatshe ezinso ekhaya.

Kwezinye izimo, amakristalu e-calcium oxalate angabangelwa ukungeniswa kwe-ethylene glycol, enobuthi futhi eyisithako esibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-antifreeze. Ukuvezwa kwalesi sakhi kungadala izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• ukucasuka komphimbo namaphaphu
• izinkinga zesistimu yezinzwa eziphakathi
• ukwehluleka kwezinso

Udokotela wakho angancoma izinguquko zokudla ukuze unciphise i-oxalate ekudleni kwakho futhi wandise i-hydration. Bazophinda bancome ukuthi wehlise ukudla okunosawoti.

I-Hippuric

Amakristalu e-Hippuric acid awavamile. Zingaba nsundu ngokuphuzi noma zicace, futhi zivame ukufana nama-prism noma amapuleti afana nezinaliti. Amakristalu e-hippuric acid avame ukutholakala ehlanganiswe ndawonye.

Ngenkathi kwesinye isikhathi zibangelwa umchamo we-acidic pH, amakristalu e-hippuric acid nawo angavela emchameni onempilo.

I-Magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite)

Amakristalu e-Magnesium ammonium phosphate ngokuvamile awanambala, ama-prism angama-rectangular. Zitholakala emchameni onempilo, kepha zivame ukuhambisana nokutheleleka nge-urinary tract (UTI). Ezinye izimpawu zama-UTIs zifaka:

• umchamo onamafu
• kaningi, isifiso esinamandla sokuchama
• Ukugodola
• isicanucanu
• ukukhathala
• ubuhlungu beqolo
• imfiva

Uma i-UTI ibangela la makristalu, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ama-antibiotic ukuze usule ukutheleleka.

I-calcium carbonate

Amakristalu e-calcium carbonate makhulu, akwazi ukugcina eyindilinga enezindawo ezibushelelezi. Imvamisa umbala okhanyayo onsundu. Amakristalu we-calcium carbonate - okuyisengezo ongasithatha ukuze uthole i-calcium eningi - nawo ahlobene kakhulu namatshe ezinso.

Uma unamakristalu e-calcium carbonate emchameni wakho, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthola i-calcium ngezinye izindlela, njengokungeza ubisi oluningi ekudleni kwakho, esikhundleni sezithasiselo.

I-Bilirubin

I-Bilirubin yenziwa lapho kwenzeka ukubhujiswa okunempilo kwamaseli abomvu egazi. Idlule esibindini.

Amakristalu e-Bilirubin anokufana nenaliti, ukubukeka kwe-granular futhi imvamisa mancane kakhulu futhi aphuzi ngombala. Izinga eliphakeme lama-bilirubin noma ama-bilirubin amakristalu emchameni wakho angakhombisa isifo sesibindi noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi. Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka isicanucanu, ubuhlungu, ukuhlanza, i-jaundice, nomkhuhlane.

Ukwelashwa kuya ngesizathu esiyimbangela. Imithi ingasetshenziswa ukuguqula inani lamaprotheni angene ekudleni, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokuqina kwesibindi.

I-calcium phosphate

Amakristalu we-calcium phosphate awanambala futhi angavela njengokufana nezinkanyezi noma okufana nenaliti, yize nawo engakha amapuleti. Zingabonakala zodwa noma ngamaqoqo. Zivame ukuvela emchameni one-alikhali, noma zingatholakala kumchamo ojwayelekile.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, amakristalu e-calcium phosphate angabangelwa yi-hypoparathyroidism. Izimpawu zalokhu zibandakanya ukuncinza kwezandla nokucinana kwemisipha.

Ukwelashwa kungafaka ukuphuza amanzi amaningi, ukuthola i-calcium eyengeziwe, nokuthatha izithasiselo zikavithamini D.

I-Ammonium biurate

Lawa makristalu ayizinhlaka ezinsundu ezinameva acijile. Cishe zifana nezimbungulu ezincane. Zivame ukutholakala kumchamo we-alkaline, kodwa futhi zingabonakala nasemchameni ojwayelekile.

Kwesinye isikhathi amakristalu e-ammonium biurate avela kuphela ngoba isampula yomchamo indala noma ibingalondoloziwe kahle. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhumbula isampula yomchamo kungaxwayiswa uma kuvela amakristalu.

Cholesterol

Amakristalu we-cholesterol avame ukucaca futhi abunjwe njengonxande abade, kunqunywe notch ekhoneni. Kungenzeka ukuthi avele ngemuva kokuthi isampula yomchamo ifakiwe.

Amakristalu we-cholesterol angatholakala kuwo womabili umchamo ongathathi hlangothi nowe-asidi. Zingahle zidalwe yisifo se-renal tubular, esingaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso uma kungalashwa.

Ukwelashwa kungabandakanya ukwelashwa kwe-alkali ukusiza ukuphatha izimo ezingapheli zomzimba, njengesifo se-renal tubular.

I-cystine

ICystine iyi-amino acid, futhi ingadala amakristalu omchamo namatshe ezinso. Amatshe ezinso abangelwa yi-cystine acid ngokuvamile makhulu kunamanye amatshe amaningi wezinso. Kuyisimo esingajwayelekile, futhi kaningi sinezakhi zofuzo.

Isimo esenza ukuthi i-cystine ihlangane ndawonye futhi yakhe amakristalu ibizwa nge-cystinuria. Amakristalu, lapho etholakala emchameni, avame ukwakheka njengama-hexagoni futhi angabi nombala. Izimpawu zingafaka igazi emchameni, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, nobuhlungu emgodini noma emuva.

Udokotela wakho angakunika imithi yokukhohlisa, esiza ukuncibilikisa amakristalu.

I-Leucine

Lezi zinhlayiya zingama-discs aphuzi ansundu anamasongo agxilile njengesiqu somuthi. Amakristalu eLeucine ngokuvamile awatholakali emchameni onempilo. Zitholakala emchameni one-asidi. Ngokuvamile ziyisifo sesifo esinzima sesibindi. Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka ukuvuvukala kwesisu, ukuhlanza, isicanucanu, ukudideka, kanye ne-malaise.

Ukwelashwa kuhilela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesibindi nempilo ngokushesha. Lokhu kuzobandakanya nemithi yokwehlisa ingozi yokopha nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala okubangelwa uketshezi oluningi.

I-Tyrosine

Amakristalu kaTyrosine awanambala futhi afana nezinaliti.Zivame ukutholakala kumchamo one-asidi, futhi zingabangelwa yizinkinga zokugaya umzimba ezifana nesifo sesibindi noma i-tyrosinemia. Izimpawu ze-tyrosinemia zifaka phakathi ubunzima bokuba nesisindo, umkhuhlane, isifo sohudo, indle enegazi nokuhlanza.

Ukwelashwa kubandakanya ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukudla ukudla okunempilo, nokuthatha imishanguzo ekwazi ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu nesifo sikashukela.

I-Indinavir

I-Indinavir ngumuthi osetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-HIV. Kungadala ukwakheka kwamakristalu emchameni. Amakristalu e-Indinavir angafana ne-starbursts, amapuleti angunxande, noma abalandeli. Ezinye izimpawu zamakristalu e-indinavir zingafaka izinhlungu emuva noma ezinhlangothini.

Atholakala kanjani amakristalu omchamo?

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi unamakristalu omchamo, kungenzeka baqale ngoku-oda ukuhlolwa komchamo. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angahle enze i-urinalysis njengengxenye yokuvakasha kwakho kwezempilo noma ukuhlolwa konyaka, noma ngabe awunazo ezinye izikhalazo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-urinalysis, uzocelwa ukuthi unikeze isampula yomchamo. Uchwepheshe waselebhu obukeza isampula uzoqala akubheke nganoma yimuphi umbala noma ifu elingakhombisa ukutheleleka. I-Bilirubin ingaguqula umchamo umbala wetiyi omnyama, isibonelo. Igazi lingabonakala emehlweni.

Bazosebenzisa i-dipstick ukuhlola izingxenye ezingaphakathi komchamo.

Uchwepheshe ekugcineni uzohlola isampula ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, lapho angabona khona amakristalu uma kukhona akhile.

Ngokuya ngokuthi udokotela wakho utholani, banga-oda ezinye izivivinyo. Uma bethola i-bilirubin emchameni wakho, ngokwesibonelo, bangahle ba-ode umsebenzi wegazi noma i-ultrasound ukuhlola impilo yakho yesibindi. Uma amakristalu omchamo akhombisa i-cholesterol ephezulu, bazo-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuhlolwe amazinga akho wamanje we-cholesterol.

Ingabe lokhu kungagwemeka?

Amakristalu omchamo angabangelwa yizimo ezingaphansi kwesifo sesibindi noma izimo zofuzo angavikeleka kaningi. Kwezinye izimo, ngisho ne-crystalluria ebangelwa izimbangela zofuzo ingancishiswa ngokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila noma yokudla.

Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuvikela amakristalu omchamo ukuphuza amanzi amaningi futhi uhlale unamanzi. Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni ukugxila kwamakhemikhali emchameni, kuvimbele amakristalu ukuthi angakhiwa.

Ungenza futhi ushintsho oluthile ekudleni kwakho. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi iziphi izinguquko ozenzayo ngokuya ngohlobo lwamakristalu onawo. Bangancoma ukunciphisa amaprotheni, isibonelo, noma ukunciphisa ukudla okuphezulu ku-oxalate (njengoba kunjalo ngamakristalu e-calcium oxalate).

Ukugwema ukudla okunosawoti kungasiza futhi ekuvikeleni amakristalu amaningi womchamo, ngakho-ke ukuqeda ukudla okusetshenzisiwe kungasiza.

Uyini umbono?

Ezimweni eziningi, amakristalu omchamo ayelapheka kakhulu ngokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila nokudla. Kwezinye izimo, imithi ingadingeka ukwelapha izimo ezingaphansi.

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko emchameni wakho, yenza isikhathi sokubonana nodokotela wakho. Ukwazi kahle ukuthi hlobo luni lwamakristalu alwakha kuzokusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi niqonde ukuthi yini ebangela inkinga nokuthi ingalashwa kanjani.