Ingabe Ukukhanya Kwe-UV Ngempela Kubulala Amagciwane Futhi Kubulale Amagciwane?

-Delile

• Kepha okokuqala, kuyini ukukhanya kwe-UV?
• Ngabe ukukhanya kwe-UV light kungasetshenziswa ngokumelene ne-COVID-19?
• Ingabe kufanele uthenge imikhiqizo ye-UV yokubulala amagciwane?
• Buyekeza kwe-

Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziningi begeza izandla, beqhela emphakathini, futhi begqoke izifihla-buso, kubonakala sengathi i-coronavirus seyizimbele izinzipho zayo isikhathi eside e-U.S. Futhi njengoba izingxenye ezimbalwa zalesi senzo esesabekayo zikuzwa can Ukulawula yizenzo zakho nemvelo yakho, akumangazi ukuthi wena - futhi cishe wonke umuntu - usukhathazeke kakhulu ngokuhlanza. Uma ungazange ugcine ku-Clorox futhi usule isibulala-magciwane emuva ngoMashi, kungenzeka ukuthi usube yingcweti ekuzulazuleni ku-Google ukuze uthole izimpendulo zemibuzo njengokuthi "ingabe isitimu singawabulala amagciwane?" noma "ingabe uviniga uyisibulala-magciwane?" Ohambweni lwakho phansi komgodi wonogwaja wokucwaninga kungenzeka ukuthi ukuholele nakwezinye izindlela ezintsha zokubulala amagciwane: okungukuthi, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV).

Ukukhanya kwe-UV sekusetshenziselwe amashumi eminyaka (yebo, amashumi eminyaka!) Ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwamagciwane, njengaleso esibangela isifo sofuba, ngokusho kweU.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Mayelana nokukwazi kwayo ukubulala amagciwane e-COVID-19? Hhayi-ke, lokho akukasungulwa kahle. Qhubeka ufunda ukuthola iqiniso elisekelwa nguchwepheshe mayelana nokukhanya kwe-UV, kufaka phakathi ukuthi kungavimbela noma cha ukudluliswa kwe-coronavirus nokuthi yini okufanele uyazi ngemikhiqizo yokukhanya ye-UV (isib. Amalambu, izintambo, njll.) .

Kepha okokuqala, kuyini ukukhanya kwe-UV?

Ukukhanya kwe-UV wuhlobo lwemisebe kagesi edluliswa ngamagagasi noma izinhlayiya kuma-wavelengths namafrikhwensi ahlukahlukene, akha i-spectrum ye-electromagnetic (EM), kusho uJim Malley, Ph.D., uprofesa wobunjiniyela bezenhlalo nezemvelo e-University of New Hampshire. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwemisebe ye-UV? Ilanga, elikhiqiza izinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene zemisebe: i-UVA, UVB, ne-UVC, ngokwe-FDA. Iningi labantu liyayazi imisebe ye-UVA ne-UVB ngoba kufanele isolwe ngokushiswa yilanga nomdlavuza wesikhumba. (Okuhlobene: Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet Ibangela Ukulimala Kwesikhumba - Ngisho Noma Usendlini)

Imisebe ye-UVC, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayikaze iyenze ifike ebusweni bomhlaba (ungqimba lwe-ozone luvimbela i-em), ngakho-ke ukuphela kwabantu abakhanyayo be-UVC abadalulwa kubo kungumbombayi, ngokusho kwe-FDA. Noma kunjalo, kuhle ukuhlaba umxhwele; I-UVC, enobude obufushane kakhulu begagasi namandla aphakeme kunayo yonke imisebe ye-UV, iyisibulala-magciwane esaziwayo somoya, amanzi, nezindawo ezingenazo izimbobo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kukhulunywa nge-UV light disinfection, kugxilwe ku-UVC, kusho uMalley. Nasi isizathu: lapho kukhishwa ngamaza amaza athile kanye nesikhathi esithile, ukukhanya kwe-UVC kungalimaza izakhi zofuzo - i-DNA noma i-RNA - kumabhaktheriya nama-virus, kuvimbele amandla awo okuphindaphinda futhi, futhi, kubangele ukuthi imisebenzi yawo evamile yamaselula ibhidlike. , kuchaza uChris Olson, isazi sezinto eziphilayo ezincane kanye nomphathi wohlelo lwe-Infection Prevention and Emergency Preparedness esibhedlela sase-UCHealth Highlands Ranch. (Qaphela: Nakuba imisebe ye-UVC evela emithonjeni yokwenziwa ingase futhi ibangele izingozi ezihlanganisa ukusha kweso nesikhumba - okufana nemisebe ye-UVA ne-UVB - i-FDA isekela ukuthi lokhu kulimala "kuvamise ukuxazulula phakathi nesonto" nokuthi ithuba lokuthola umdlavuza wesikhumba " liphansi kakhulu. ")

Ukuze i-UV light disinfection isebenze, kodwa-ke, kunezici eziningana ezibucayi okufanele zilawulwe. Okokuqala, imisebe idinga ukuba semikhawulweni yemisebe efanele yegciwane elihlosiwe. Yize lokhu kuvame ukuncika emzimbeni othile, noma yikuphi phakathi kuka-200-300 nm "kuthathwa njenge-germicidal" ngokusebenza kahle kakhulu ku-260 nm, kusho uMalley. Badinga futhi ukuthi babe kumthamo ofanele - amandla e-UV aphindwe ngenani lesikhathi sokuxhumana, uyachaza. "Umthamo ofanele we-UV odingeka kakhulu ubanzi kakhulu, oba phakathi kuka-2 no-200 mJ / cm2 kuya ngezimo ezithile, izinto ezibulawa amagciwane, kanye nezinga elifunekayo lokukhipha amagciwane."

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi indawo ingabi nalutho olungaphazamisa ukukhanya kwe-UVC ukufika lapho kuhloswe khona, kusho uMalley. "Sibhekisa kumagciwane e-UV njengobuchwepheshe bokubona, ngakho-ke uma noma yini ivimba ukukhanya kwe-UV kufaka phakathi ukungcola, amabala, noma yini ebeka izithunzi lapho lezo 'zishisiwe noma zivikelwe' ngeke zenziwe amagciwane."

Uma lokho kuzwakala kuyinkimbinkimbi, lokho kungenxa yokuthi: "Ukubulala amagciwane nge-UV akulula; akulona usayizi owodwa olingana konke," kugcizelela uMalley. Futhi leso yisizathu esisodwa sokuthi kungani ochwepheshe nocwaningo bengakaqiniseki ukuthi kusebenza kanjani, uma kunjalo, kungamelana ne-coronavirus. (Bheka futhi: Ungaligcina Kanjani Ikhaya Lakho Lihlanzekile Futhi Liphilile Uma Uzimele Wedwa Ngenxa YeCoronavirus)

Ngabe ukukhanya kwe-UV light kungasetshenziswa ngokumelene ne-COVID-19?

I-UVC inerekhodi lokuthi isebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa neSARS-CoV-1 neMERS, okuyizihlobo eziseduze zeSARS-CoV-2, igciwane elibanga i-COVID-19. Izifundo eziningana, kufaka phakathi imibiko ekhonjiwe yi-FDA, ithole ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-UVC kungaba nokusebenza okufanayo ngokuqhathaniswa ne-SARS-CoV-2, kepha eziningi azikabuyekezwa kakhulu kontanga. Futhi, kunemininingwane ekhawulelwe eshicilelwe mayelana nobude besilinganiso samandla, umthamo, nobude bemisebe ye-UVC edingekayo ukuze kungasebenzi igciwane le-SARS-CoV-2, ngokusho kwe-FDA. Okusho ukuthi ucwaningo oluningi luyadingeka ngaphambi kokuthi noma ngubani akwazi ngokusemthethweni - futhi ngokuphepha - ancoma ukukhanya kwe-UVC njengendlela ethembekile yokubulala i-coronavirus.

Lokho kuthiwa, amalambu e-UV abelokhu futhi aqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kabanzi njengendlela yokuvala inzalo ngaphakathi, ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Esinye sezizathu ezinjalo? Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi imisebe ye-UVC inganqamula ukudluliswa kwama-superbugs amakhulu (njenge-staph) ngamaphesenti angama-30. Izibhedlela eziningi (uma kungezona eziningi) zisebenzisa irobhothi elikhipha i-UVC elilingana nesiqandisi segumbi le-dorm ukuze kufakwe amagciwane amagumbi wonke, kusho uChris Barty, isazi sefiziksi kanye noprofesa ovelele wefiziksi nezinkanyezi eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, e-Irvine. Lapho abantu sebephumile ekamelweni, le divayisi isebenza ikhipha imisebe ye-UV, izivumelanisa nosayizi wegumbi nokuguquguqukayo (okusho izithunzi, izindawo okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo) ukukhanyisa isibani inqobo nje uma sibona sidingeka. Lokhu kungathatha imizuzu engu-4-5 yamakamelo amancane njengezindlu zokugezela noma imizuzu eyi-15-25 yamakamelo amakhulu, ngokusho kweTru-D, uhlobo olulodwa lwale divayisi. (FWIW, lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nokuhlanza ngesandla kusetshenziswa izibulala-magciwane ezivunyelwe i-EPA.)

Ezinye izikhungo zezokwelapha zisebenzisa amakhabethe e-UVC aneminyango ukubulala amagciwane ezintweni ezincane ezinjenge-iPads, amafoni, nama-stethoscopes. Abanye empeleni bafake amadivaysi e-UVC emiseleni yabo yomoya ukuze babulale amagciwane emoyeni ojikelezwe kabusha, kusho u-Olson - futhi, uma kubhekwa iqiniso lokuthi i-COVID-19 isakazeka ikakhulukazi ngezinhlayiya ze-aerosol, lokhu kusetha kunengqondo. Kodwa-ke, le mishini yezinga lezokwelapha ayihloselwe ukusetshenziswa komuntu ngamunye; azibizi nje kuphela, zibiza ngaphezulu kwe- $ 100k, kepha futhi zidinga ukuqeqeshwa okufanele ukuze zisebenze ngempumelelo, uyanezela uMalley.

Kepha uma uchithe isikhathi esanele ucwaninga izibulala-magciwane ze-COVID-19, uyazi ukuthi kunamagajethi we-UV asekhaya kanye nama-gizmos ashaya imakethe ngejubane le-warp njengamanje, konke lokhu kuhlose amandla okuhlanzeka ngenduduzo yekhaya lakho. (Kuhlobene: Imikhiqizo Engcono Kakhulu Yokuhlanza Yemvelo Eyisi-9, Ngokusho Kochwepheshe)

Ingabe kufanele uthenge imikhiqizo ye-UV yokubulala amagciwane?

"Imishini eminingi yokubulala amagciwane e-UV esiyihlolile sayivivinya [ngocwaningo lwethu e-University of New Hampshire] ayifinyeleli ezingeni lokubulawa kwamagciwane abathi bakukhangisa," kusho uMalley. "Iningi linamandla angaphansi kwamandla, alakhiwe kahle, futhi lingathi libulala amaphesenti angama-99.9 wamagciwane, kepha uma siwahlola bavame ukuthola ukubulawa kwamagciwane okungaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-50." (Okuhlobene: Izindawo eziyi-12 Amagciwane Afuna Ukukhula Okudingeka ukuthi Uhlanze i-RN)

UBarty uyavuma, ethi amadivayisi empeleni akhipha i-UVC, kepha "akwanele ukwenza noma yini empeleni esikhathini esifunwayo." Khumbula, ukuze ukukhanya kwe-UV kubulale amagciwane ngempela, kudinga ukuthi kukhanye isikhathi esithile nobude obuthile - futhi, uma kukhulunywa ngokubulala ngempumelelo i-COVID-19, zombili lezi zilinganiso kuseyi-TBD, ngokusho I-FDA.

Ngenkathi ochwepheshe bengenasiqiniseko ngokusebenza kahle kwamadivayisi okubulala amagciwane e-UV ngokumelene ne-coronavirus, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, akunakuphikwa ukuthi, ubhubhane lwangaphambi kobhubhane, ukukhanya kwe-UVC kwakubonisiwe (futhi kwasetshenziswa) ukubulala amanye amagciwane. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukunika isibani se-UV ukuzama, kungenzeka ukuthi kuzosiza ukubambezela ukusabalala kwamanye amagciwane afihlwe ekhaya lakho. Izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule ngaphambi kokuthenga:

IMercury ayi-cha. “Izibhedlela zivame ukusebenzisa amalambu asuselwa ku-mercury ngoba zikwazi ukwenza ukukhanya okuningi kwe-UVC futhi zibulale amagciwane ngesikhathi esifushane,” kusho uBarty. Kepha, i-ICYDK, i-mercury inobuthi. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlobo zezibani ze-UV zidinga ukuqaphela okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanza nokulahla, ngokusho kwe-FDA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalambu e-mercury akhiqiza i-UVA ne-UVB, okungaba yingozi esikhumbeni sakho. Bheka amadivayisi angenayo i-mercury, njenge-Casetify's UV sanitizer (Buy It, $120 $ 100, casetify.com) noma lezo ezibhalwe ukuthi "excimer-based," okusho ukuthi basebenzisa indlela ehlukile (i-sans-mercury) ukuletha ukukhanya kwe-UV.

Naka ubude begagasi.Akuyona yonke imikhiqizo ye-UVC edalwe ilingana - ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa kumaza wamaza. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ubude beza be-UVC bungaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwedivayisi ekwenzeni igciwane lingasebenzi (futhi ngaleyo ndlela lilibulale). Kungaphinde kube nomthelela ezingozini zezempilo nezokuphepha ezihambisana nokusebenzisa le divayisi, kukushiye nenselelo yokuthola i-UV light disinfection device enamandla ngokwanele ukubulala amagciwane ngaphandle kokuveza ingozi enkulu kakhulu yezempilo. Manje ithini inombolo yomlingo? Noma yikuphi phakathi kuka-240-280 nm, ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Lokho kushiwo, ucwaningo lwango-2017 luthole ukuthi ubude bamaza asukela ku-207-222 nm nawo angasebenza futhi aphephe (yize, kungelula kangako ukukuthola, ngokusho kweKhomishini Yomhlaba Wonke Yezokuvikelwa Kwemisebe Engasebenzi. I-TL; i-DR - uma ikunikeza ukuthula kwengqondo noma induduzo yokubulala amagciwane ambalwa efonini yakho, iya kumagajethi akhipha, okungenani, angama-280 nm.

Cabangela indawo yakho. Ukukhanya kwe-UVC kusebenza kakhulu ezintweni ezilukhuni, ezingenayo impophoma, ngokusho kwe-FDA. Futhi kuvame ukungasebenzi ezindaweni ezinamaqhuqhuva noma amaqolo, ngoba lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-UV kufinyelele kuzo zonke izindawo lapho kungahlala khona igciwane, kuchaza uBarty. Ngakho-ke, ukubulala amagciwane esikrinini sefoni noma sedeskithophu kungakhiqiza kakhulu kunokuthi, irayi yakho. Futhi uma ufuna ngempela ukuzungeza induku yokuhlanza ukukhanya kwe-UV (Yithenge, $119, amazon.com) njengokungathi i-lightsaber, ukubheja kwakho okungcono kakhulu ukwenza kanjalo, ngokwesibonelo, ikhawunta yakho yekhishi (cabanga: bushelelezi, ayinaboli , igciwane). 

Khetha imikhiqizo evaliwe. Idivayisi ye-UV efana ne-wand akuyona ukubheja kwakho okuhle kakhulu, kusho uMalley. "Izicubu eziphilayo (abantu, izilwane ezifuywayo, izitshalo) akufanele zivezwe njalo ekukhanyeni kwe-UVC ngaphandle uma kusesimweni esilawulwa ngokucophelela nochwepheshe bezokwelapha abaqeqeshwe kahle nabanolwazi," echaza. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi imisebe ye-UVC ingadala ukulimala kwamehlo (njenge-photophotokeratitis, iso elishiswe yilanga) nezikhumba ziyasha, ngokusho kwe-FDA. Ngakho-ke esikhundleni semikhiqizo ekhanyayo evezwe njengenduku noma isibani, khetha "amadivayisi afakiwe" eza "nezici zokuphepha (okuzenzakalelayo ukuvala ukucisha, njll.) Ukuqeda amandla okuveza izicubu eziphilayo ukuze zilahle ukukhanya kwe-UVC," kusho uMalley. Inketho eyodwa enhle: "Isitsha sefoni yakho, ikakhulukazi uma [ifoni yakho] ishiywe lapho isikhathi eside (ngenkathi ulele)," njenge-PhoneSoap's Smartphone UV Sanitizer (Thenga It, $ 80, phonesoap.com).

Ungabheki ukukhanya. Njengoba umthelela wesikhathi eside we-UVC kubantu ungaziwa, kubalulekile ukuqaphela kakhulu ngenkathi usebenzisa idivayisi. Gwema ukuthintana okuqhubekayo nesikhumba futhi uyeke ukubuka ngqo ukukhanya, ngoba ukuvezwa ngqo emisebeni ye-UVC kungadala ukulimala kwamehlo okubuhlungu noma ukusabela okunjengokusha kwesikhumba, ngokusho kwe-FDA. Kepha, i-ICYMI phambilini, amadivayisi we-UV wokubulala amagciwane ongawathenga ku-'igramu noma e-Amazon, ngamagama kaMalley, "anikwe amandla" futhi eza nezici zokuvala okuzenzakalelayo, anciphisa ubungozi. Noma kunjalo, kungcono ukuthi siqaphele, sicabanga ukuthi asiziqondi ngokugcwele izingozi. (Okuhlobene: Kungabe Ukukhanya Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuvela Esikrinini Isikhathi Kungalimaza Isikhumba Sakho?)

Ngezansi: "Bheka umkhiqizo onombhalo womsebenzisi olungiselelwe kahle futhi ophelele, ukucaciswa okucacile kwalokho okulethwa yidivayisi ye-UV ukuthola umthamo, nobunye ubufakazi bokuhlolwa okuzimele komuntu wesithathu ukuqinisekisa izimangalo zokusebenza ezenziwa ngumkhiqizo," kuphakamisa uMalley.

Futhi kuze kube nokuthola okuningi kocwaningo nokutholakala kokhonkolo ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-UVC empeleni kungabulala i-COVID-19, kungenzeka ukuthi kungcono kakhulu ukunamathela ekuhlanzeni ku-reg ngemikhiqizo egunyazwe yi-CDC, hlala ukhuthele ekuhlukaneni nomphakathi, futhi, sicela ugqoke 👏🏻that 👏 🏻 isifihla-buso 👏🏻.

Buyekeza kwe-