Yini ama-Acanthocyte?

-Delile

• Mayelana nama-acanthocyte: Zivelaphi nokuthi zitholakala kuphi
• Ama-Acanthocyte vs. echinocytes
• I-acanthocytosis itholakala kanjani?
• Izimbangela nezimpawu ze-acanthocytosis
• I-acanthocytosis eyifa
• Neuroacanthocytosis
• I-Abetalipoproteinemia
• I-acanthocytosis etholakalayo
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ama-Acanthocyte angamaseli abomvu angajwayelekile anama-spikes anobude nobubanzi obuhlukile abekwe ngokungalingani ebusweni beseli. Leli gama livela emagameni esiGreki "acantha" (okusho ukuthi "iva") kanye "kytos" (okusho ukuthi "iseli").

Lawa maseli angajwayelekile ahlotshaniswa nezifo ezitholwe ngofuzo nezitholakele. Kodwa iningi labantu abadala linamaphesenti amancane ama-acanthocyte egazini lawo.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlanganisa ukuthi ama-acanthocyte ayini, ahluke kanjani kuma-echinocyte, nezimo ezingaphansi ezihambisana nawo.

Mayelana nama-acanthocyte: Zivelaphi nokuthi zitholakala kuphi

Ama-Acanthocyte kucatshangwa ukuthi avela ekushintsheni kwamaprotheni nama-lipids ezindaweni ezibomvu zamaseli. Ngokuqondile ukuthi kanjani futhi kungani ifomu lama-spikes lingaqondakali kahle.

Ama-acanthocyte atholakala kubantu abanezimo ezilandelayo:

• izifo ezinzima zesibindi
• izifo ezingavamile ze-neural, njenge-chorea-acanthocytosis ne-McLeod syndrome
• ukungondleki
• i-hypothyroidism
• i-abetalipoproteinemia (isifo esingajwayelekile sezakhi zofuzo esihilela ukungakwazi ukuthola amafutha athile okudla)
• ngemuva kokususwa kobende (splenectomy)
• i-anorexia amanosa

Eminye imithi, njengama-statins noma i-misoprostol (i-Cytotec), ihlotshaniswa nama-acanthocyte.

Ama-acanthocyte atholakala nasemchameni wabantu abanesifo sikashukela abane-glomerulonephritis, uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kwezinso.

Ngenxa yesimo sawo, kucatshangwa ukuthi ama-acanthocyte angabambeka futhi aqedwe ubende, okuholele ekushoneni kwegazi kwe-hemolytic.

Nanku umfanekiso wama-acanthocyte amahlanu phakathi kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu ajwayelekile.

Izithombe ze-Getty

Ama-Acanthocyte vs. echinocytes

I-acanthocyte ifana nelinye iseli elibomvu elingavamile elibizwa nge-echinocyte. Ama-Echinocyte nawo anama-spikes ebusweni beseli, yize mancane, abunjwe njalo, futhi ahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu kweseli.

Igama echinocyte livela emagameni esiGreki athi "echinos" (okusho ukuthi "urchin") kanye no "kytos" (okusho ukuthi "iseli").

Ama-Echinocyte, abizwa nangokuthi amaseli e-burr, ahlotshaniswa nesifo sezinso sokugcina, isifo sesibindi, nokuntuleka kwe-enzyme pyruvate kinase.

I-acanthocytosis itholakala kanjani?

I-Acanthocytosis isho ukutholakala okungajwayelekile kwama-acanthocyte egazini. Lawa maseli abomvu angafakwanga kahle angabonakala ku-smear yegazi eliseduze.

Lokhu kuhilela ukubeka isampula yegazi lakho kwisilayidi sengilazi, uliname, bese ulibuka ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isampula yegazi elisha; ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-acanthocyte nama-echinocyte azobukeka ngokufana.

Ukuthola noma yisiphi isimo esiyisisekelo esihlobene ne-acanthocytosis, udokotela wakho uzothatha umlando ogcwele wezokwelapha abuze ngezimpawu zakho. Bazophinde babuze mayelana nezimo ezizuzwe njengefa futhi benze ukuhlolwa komzimba.

Ngaphezu kwe-smear yegazi, udokotela uzo-oda ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele nokunye ukuhlolwa. Uma besola ukubandakanyeka kwe-neural, banga-oda ukuskena kwe-MRI yobuchopho.

Izimbangela nezimpawu ze-acanthocytosis

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-acanthocytosis zizuzwa njengefa, kanti ezinye ziyatholakala.

I-acanthocytosis eyifa

I-Hereditary acanthocytosis ibangelwa ukuguqulwa okuthile kwezakhi zofuzo okuzuzwe njengefa. Isakhi singazuzwa kumzali oyedwa noma bobabili abazali.

Nazi izimo ezithile ezizuzwe njengefa:

Neuroacanthocytosis

I-Neuroacanthocytosis ibhekisa ku-acanthocytosis ehlotshaniswa nezinkinga zemizwa. Lokhu akuvamile, ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwayo sesimo esisodwa kuya kweziyisihlanu kubantu abayi-1 000 000.

Lezi yizimo eziwohlokayo ngokuqhubekayo, kufaka phakathi:

• I-Chorea-acanthocytosis. Lokhu kuvame ukuvela kuma-20s akho.
• Isifo seMcLeod. Lokhu kungavela eminyakeni engama-25 kuya kwengama-60.
• Isifo esinjenge-Huntington 2 (HDL2). Lokhu kuvame ukuvela ebudaleni obudala.
• I-Pantothenate kinase-ehambisana neurodegeneration (PKAN). Lokhu kuvame ukuvela ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10 futhi kuqhubeka ngokushesha.

Izimpawu nokukhula kwesifo kuyahlukahluka ngamunye. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zifaka:

• ukunyakaza okungaziphathi ngokungajwayelekile
• ukwehla kwengqondo
• isithuthwane
• nxumalo

Abanye abantu bangathola nezimpawu zengqondo.

Alikakabi khona ikhambi le-neuroacanthocytosis. Kodwa izimpawu zingelashwa. Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo nezinhlangano zokusekela ze-neuroacanthocytosis kuyatholakala.

I-Abetalipoproteinemia

I-Abetalipoproteinemia, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome, itholakala ngokuthola ifuzo elifanayo lokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kubo bobabili abazali. Kubandakanya ukungakwazi ukuncela amanoni adlayo, i-cholesterol, namavithamini ancibilika njengamafutha, njengevithamini E.

I-Abetalipoproteinemia ivame ukwenzeka lapho isencane, futhi ingelashwa ngamavithamini nezinye izithasiselo.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• ukwehluleka ukukhula njengengane
• ubunzima bezinzwa, njengokulawulwa kabi kwemisipha
• ukukhula kancane kwengqondo
• izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, ezifana nohudo kanye nezihlalo ezinuka kabi
• izinkinga zamehlo eziya ngokuya ziba zimbi

I-acanthocytosis etholakalayo

Izimo eziningi zomtholampilo zihlotshaniswa ne-acanthocytosis. Indlela ebandakanyekayo ayiqondakali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Nazi ezinye zalezi zimo:

• Isifo esibi sesibindi. I-Acanthocytosis icatshangwa ukuthi ibangelwa ukungalingani kwe-cholesterol ne-phospholipid ezingxenyeni zegazi. Kungaguqulwa ngokufakelwa kwesibindi.
• Ukususwa kobende. I-Splenectomy ivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-acanthocytosis.
• I-anorexia nervosa. I-Acanthocytosis ivela kwabanye abantu abane-anorexia. Kungaguqulwa ngokwelashwa kwe-anorexia.
• I-Hypothyroidism. Abantu abalinganiselwa kumaphesenti angama-20 abane-hypothyroidism baba ne-acanthocytosis emnene. I-Acanthocytosis ibuye ihlotshaniswe ne-hypothyroidism (myxedema) ethuthuke kakhulu.
• I-Myelodysplasia. Abanye abantu abanalolu hlobo lomdlavuza wegazi baba ne-acanthocytosis.
• I-Spherocytosis. Abanye abantu abanalesi sifo sofuzo segazi bangakhula i-acanthocytosis.

Ezinye izimo ezingabandakanya i-acanthocytosis yi-cystic fibrosis, isifo se-celiac, nokungondleki okukhulu.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ama-Acanthocyte angamaseli abomvu angajwayelekile anama-spikes angajwayelekile ebusweni beseli. Zihlotshaniswa nezimo eziyivelakancane ezizuzwe njengefa kanye nezimo ezivame kakhulu ezitholwe.

Udokotela angenza ukuxilongwa ngokuya ngezimpawu kanye ne-peripheral blood smear. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-acanthocytosis ezuzwe njengefa ziyaqhubeka futhi azikwazi ukwelashwa. I-acanthocytosis etholakele ivame ukwelashwa lapho isimo esiyisisekelo selashwa.