Lokho Wonke Umuntu Okufanele Akwazi Ngamazinga Akhuphukayo Okuzibulala ase-US

-Delile

• Ukuzibulala Nokugula Ngengqondo
• Isici Sobuchwepheshe
• Ezinye Izinto Eziningi
• Qalisa Isexwayiso: Isici Esithathelwanayo Sokuzibulala
• Indlela Yokuthatha Isinyathelo
• Buyekeza kwe-

Ngesonto eledlule, izindaba zokushona kwabantu ababili abaqavile nabathandwayo ngamasiko zanyakazisa isizwe.

Okokuqala, uKate Spade, oneminyaka engama-55, umsunguli womkhiqizo wakhe wefashini ongaziwa owaziwa ngobuhle bawo obukhanyayo nobuhle, uthathe impilo yakhe. U-Anthony Bourdain, 61, umpheki odumile, umbhali no-bon vivant, ushone ngokuzibulala ngenkathi eqopha uhlelo lwakhe lokuhamba lwe-CNN, Izingxenye ezingaziwa, eFrance.

Kubantu ababili ababebonakala begcwele impilo, ukufa kwabo kuyaphazamisa.

Okwengeza kulokhu kucasuka yizinto ezintsha ezitholwe yiCenters for Disease Control and Prevention ezishicilele ngesonto elifanayo. Ukuzibulala kungenye yezimbangela eziyishumi eziphezulu zokufa e-U.S., Futhi kuyimbangela yesibili yokufa kwabantu abaneminyaka eyi-10 kuya kwengama-24, ngokusho kweCDC. Okubi kakhulu ukuthi izinombolo ziyakhuphuka. Izinga lokuzibulala lenyuke cishe kuzo zonke izifundazwe kusukela ngo-1999 kuya ku-2016, kuyilapho izifundazwe ezingama-25 zithole ukwanda kokuzibulala kwabantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-30.

Futhi ngenkathi abesilisa bebala iningi lokuzibulala kuleli zwe, lelo gebe lobulili liyancipha, njengoba inani labesifazane abazithathela izimpilo zabo lenyuka. Izinga lokuzibulala kubafana nakwabesilisa lenyuke ngamaphesenti angama-21, kepha linyuke ngamaphesenti angama-50 emantombazaneni nakwabesifazane kusuka ngonyaka wezi-2000 kuya kowezi-2016, ngokweNational Center for Health Statistics. (Okuhlobene: Ngenze Ukuthula Ngokuzibulala)

Lapha, ochwepheshe babelana ngokuqonda ngale ndaba yezempilo yomphakathi, kufaka phakathi okungenziwa ukusiza ukulwa nalezi zibalo ezethusayo.

Ukuzibulala Nokugula Ngengqondo

Kalula nje, izinombolo ezicindezelayo azinakubalwa kwisici esisodwa sisodwa. Kunengxubevange yamathrendi ezenhlalo nezomnotho kanye nenhlalonhle angase abe nendima emazingeni akhuphukayo, kusho u-Susan McClanahan, Ph.D., isikhulu somtholampilo esiyinhloko e-Insight Behavioral Health Centers.

Esinye sezici eziyingozi kakhulu abantu abaningi abazibulalayo abanaso, noma kunjalo, ukuba khona kokucindezeleka komtholampilo noma ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kokucindezeleka, kusho uLena Franklin, uLCSW, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo e-Atlanta. "Lapho ukungabi nalusizo, ukungabi nathemba, nokudabuka okugcwele yonke indawo, injongo yomuntu yokuphila ngokuncipha, yandisa ingozi yokuzibulala."

Ezinye izifo zengqondo, ezinjenge-bipolar disorder, ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka, nokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, kanye nokuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene kobuntu (ikakhulukazi ukuphazamiseka kobuntu emngceleni) nakho kungathinta umbono wokuzibulala nenhloso, kusho uMcClanahan.

Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi kakhulu abalwa nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo abalutholi usizo abaludingayo-noma bazi nokuthi bona unayo isimo sempilo yengqondo. Umbiko we-CDC uthole ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwesigamu (amaphesenti angama-54) ababulawa ngokuzibulala babengenaso isimo sempilo yengqondo (kulokhu, sitholakele). Kungakho ukuzibulala kuvame ukushaqisa umndeni nabangane. Lokho kungenziwa ngokwengxenye ukucwaswa okuhambisana nokugula ngengqondo, okungavimba abantu abaningi ekutholeni usizo abaludingayo, kusho uMcClanahan.

"Kungaba yinhlanganisela yokucwaswa nokushoda kwemfundo," kunezela uJoy Harden Bradford, Ph.D., isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo nomsunguli weTherapy for Black Girls. "Kwesinye isikhathi abantu babhekane nezinto eziningi ezimpilweni zabo kangangoba abaze babone ukuthi bakubuhlungu obungakanani noma ukuthi kuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwabo kwansuku zonke."

Yinye into eqinisekile, noma kunjalo. No munye akakwazi ukugula ngengqondo noma imicabango nezenzo zokuzibulala, njengoba ukufa kukaBourdain no-Spade kubonisa. Yize singazi kahle ukuthi yini eyadala ukuzibulala kwabo, ukufa kwabo kuwubufakazi bokuthi ukuthola impumelelo yezezimali noma udumo akuvimbeli ukungajabuli, futhi akusho ukuthi umuntu onamandla azofuna usizo lochwepheshe abaludingayo. "Izinga lemali engenayo aliyona into evikela ukuzibulala," kusho uBradford. (Okuhlobene: U-Olivia Munn Usanda Kuthumela Umlayezo Onamandla Ngokuzibulala Ku-Instagram)

Kepha akunakuphikwa ukuthi kwabanye abantu abaningi ababhekene nobunzima ezweni lonke, izindleko zingaba yisici esime endleleni yabo. Lokhu kungenxa yokulahleka kwemali kahulumeni yezinsiza zezengqondo eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, kusho uMcClanahan. Kusukela ekuwohlokeni komnotho ngo-2008, izifundazwe zinciphise uxhaso lwemali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine zamaRandi afinyelela kulezi zinsizakalo. “Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyabasiza abantu abanenkinga yengqondo, kodwa ngeke sikwazi ukusiza abantu uma bengayitholi imishanguzo,” usho kanje.

Isici Sobuchwepheshe

Enye imbangela enomthelela kungaba yizidingo nje zokuphila kwethu namuhla, kusho uFranklin. Njengoba ungaqagela, ukuvuka nokubheka i-imeyili, i-Twitter, i-Instagram, i-Facebook, ne-Snapchat kaninginingi-akwenzeki kahle izimangaliso zempilo yakho yengqondo.

"Isiko lethu laseNtshonalanga libeka inani elikhulu lokuthembela kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuxhumana okukhulu, okuholela emazingeni angakaze abonwe okucindezeleka nokukhathazeka," kusho uFranklin. "Izinhlelo zethu zomzimba azinazintambo zokuzwa inani lomsebenzi nezidingo zempilo esizilindele ezingqondweni nasemizimbeni yethu nsuku zonke."

Imithombo yezokuxhumana ingaba yinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili, kusho u-Ashley Hampton, Ph.D., isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo nomqeqeshi webhizinisi. Ngenkathi ikuvumela ukuthi uxhumane nabanye, lokhu kuxhumana okubonakalayo kuvame ukukha phezulu futhi akukuniki imizwa efanayo efudumele nexakile yokuxhumana kwabantu.

Ukubona kuphela lokho okuboniswayo-ngamanye amagama, "isigqebhezana sokugqamisa" -ingakwenza uzizwe uphuphuma ngempilo yakho, engeza uHampton. Futhi "isiko lokuxhuma" eliqhutshekiselwa phambili izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphola akusizi ncamashi ukuthi uzizwe ubalulekile futhi, njengoba zivamise ukuveza abantu njengabashintshwayo ngokuswayipha okunye nje, kuphawula uMcClanahan.

Okokugcina, ukuqhathanisa njalo ukuthi inkundla yezokuxhumana ikumema ukuba wenze kuholela engozini yokuzethemba okuphansi kanye nezimpawu zokucindezeleka. UFranklin ubona lokhu kaningi emkhubeni wakhe wokucabanga kwengqondo osuselwe engqondweni. "Ngibona intsha eyehlela esimweni sokucindezeleka lapho ingatholi 'ukuthandwa' okuningi ngokwesilinganiso ezithombeni zazo ze-Instagram njengontanga yayo," usho kanje. Futhi lo muzwa wokuzethemba ungaholela ekucindezelekeni, okungandisa ingozi yokuzibulala."

Ezinye Izinto Eziningi

Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela “ziningi izinto ezididayo ezibangela ukuthi othile anqume ukuzibulala esizazi kulabo abangaziqedi ngokuzibulala,” kusho uHampton.

Nakuba ucwaningo oluthile luye lwasikisela ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-90 abantu abafa ngokuzibulala yenza unesifo sengqondo, izindlela zocwaningo kulezo zifundo kungenzeka zinamaphutha, kusho uHampton. Ziningi izinto ezibangela ingozi yokuzibulala ngale kokugula ngengqondo.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzibulala okuthile kungase kwenzeke ngengozi, kusho uHampton. "Lokhu kungase kwenzeke uma umuntu edakiwe, isibonelo, futhi edlala ngesibhamu esigcwele noma enza ezinye izinqumo eziyingozi." Ezinye izinto eziguqukayo zingabandakanya izehlakalo ezihlukumezayo empilweni yomuntu, njengokulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, ukudliwa kwendlu, ukushona kothandekayo, noma ukuxilongwa kanzima kwezempilo, usho kanjalo. (UHampton uphinde akhombise ukwanda kokuzibulala njengokuzikhethela lapho kutholakala ukuthi unesifo esingalapheki, njengokuzibulala okusizwa ngudokotela.)

Isimo sezombusazwe sezwe lonke singaba nomthelela, kusho uHampton, njengoba ukungabi nandaba kungazizwa kunzima kubantu asebevele bebhekene nobunzima, noma ukugula kwengqondo.

Qalisa Isexwayiso: Isici Esithathelwanayo Sokuzibulala

Lapho umuntu ohlonishwayo ethatha impilo yakhe, kunengozi yokuthiwa okuthiwa "ama-copycat suicides" noma "i-contagion ukuzibulala" kulandela ukusakazwa ngokweqile kwabezindaba. Lo mbono usekelwa ubufakazi obungajwayelekile kanye nenani lezifundo zocwaningo, kusho uHampton. Kunobufakazi ukuthi lokhu kuyenzeka njengamanje: Izingcingo zezingcingo zokuzibulala zikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-65 ngemuva kokushona kuka-Spade no-Bourdain.

Lesi senzakalo saziwa njengomphumela kaWerther, oqanjwe ngeqhawe kule noveli ka-1774 kaJohann Wolfgang von Goethe, Usizi lukaWerther osemncane. Indaba ilandela ibhungu elizibulele ngenxa yothando olungafanele. Ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwencwadi, kubikwa ukuthi kube nokwanda kokuzibulala phakathi kwezinsizwa.

Amathuba okuzibulala kwama-copycat anda ngokusakazwa kwezindaba "okukhazimulisa" ukufa, okuhlanganisa imininingwane emangalisayo noma eyingcaca, kanye/noma kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, kuphawula u-Hampton. Lokhu kungumsuka wengxabano ezungeze umbukiso weNetflix Izizathu eziyi-13 Kungani, abanye abagxeki abafuna ukuba isulwe. (Okuhlobene: Ochwepheshe Bakhuluma Ngokumelene "Nezizathu Eziyi-13 Zokuthi Kungani" Egameni Lokuvimbela Ukuzibulala)

Indlela Yokuthatha Isinyathelo

Kubukeka kuwudaba olunzima okufanele luxazululwe. Kepha uhlome ngolwazi lwezimpawu zokuzibulala, ukuthi ungaphendula kanjani, nokuthi ungaluthola kuphi usizo-noma ngabe uzizwa uphansi noma wazi umuntu oku-wonke umuntu angasiza futhi athole usizo.

Ngakho-ke, yini okufanele uyibheke? Izimpawu zokuxwayisa ngokuzibulala ziyahlukahluka, kusho uHampton. Abanye abantu bangazizwa becindezelekile ngemizwa eyeqile yosizi, izinkinga zokulala, imizwa yecala nokuphelelwa yithemba, kanye / noma ukuhoxa kwabanye.

Ngokusho kwe-CDC, lezi yizimpawu eziyi-12 okungenzeka ukuthi othile ucabanga ukuzibulala:

• Ukuzizwa njengomthwalo
• Ukuba wedwa
• Ukwanda kokukhathazeka
• Ukuzizwa uvalelekile noma kubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki
• Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa
• Ukufuna indlela yokuthola izindlela ezibulalayo
• Ukwanda kwentukuthelo noma ukucasuka
• Ukushintsha kwemizwelo ngokweqile
• Ukuveza ukungabi nathemba
• Ukulala kancane kakhulu noma kakhulu
• Ukukhuluma noma ukuthumela ngokufuna ukufa
• Ukwenza izinhlelo zokuzibulala

Uma uzizwa sengathi othile angaba sengozini yokuzibulala, landela lezi zinyathelo ezinhlanu, ezichazwe umkhankaso wokuvimbela ukuzibulala # BeThe1To:

1. Buza imibuzo. Imibuzo efana nokuthi "Ingabe ucabanga ngokuzibulala?" noma "Ngingasiza kanjani?" kukhuluma ukuthi uvulekile ukukhuluma ngakho. Qiniseka ukuthi ubuza ngendlela engahluleli, futhi ngokubuyisela, lalela. Zama ukulalela hhayi kuphela izizathu zabo zokucabanga ngokuthatha izimpilo zabo, kodwa futhi ulalele nezizathu zokuqhubeka uphila ongaziqokomisa.
2. Zigcine ziphephile. Okulandelayo, thola ukuthi ngabe bathathe izinyathelo zokuzibulala. Ingabe banalo uhlelo oluthile? Ngabe kukhona izinyathelo ezenziwe? Uma bekwazi ukufinyelela ezintweni ezifana nesibhamu noma amaphilisi, biza iziphathimandla noma iNational Suicide Prevention Lifeline, ebhalwe ngezansi.
3. Yiba lapho. Noma ngabe ungaba khona ngokomzimba nomuntu noma uhlale naye ocingweni, ukuhlala naye kungasindisa ngokoqobo impilo yomuntu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi umuzwa "wokuxhumana" nabanye abantu usiza ukuvimbela ukuziphatha kokuzibulala, kuyilapho umuzwa "wokungabi nalutho" noma ukuhlukaniswa nomphakathi kuyisici ekucabangeni ukuzibulala.
4. Basize baxhumane. Okulandelayo, basize bathole abanye abangabasekela ngezikhathi zenhlekelele, ukuze bakwazi ukusungula "inetha lezokuphepha" elibazungezile. Lokhu kungabandakanya abelaphi, amalungu omndeni, noma eminye imithombo yokusekelwa emiphakathini yabo.
5. Landelela. Noma ngabe i-voicemail, umbhalo, ukushaya ucingo, noma ukuvakasha, landelela ukuze wazise lowo muntu ukuthi unendaba nokuthi baqhuba kanjani, uqhubeke nomuzwa wakhe "wokuxhuma."

Ukuze unakekele impilo yakho yengqondo, uFranklin usikisela ukuzivocavoca-hhayi nje uhlobo lwe-bubble-bath-and-facemask kind.

• Hamba ukubonana nomelaphi ukuze uthole "ukulungisa" ngokomzwelo ngokuqhubekayo. (Nakhu ukuthi ungenza kanjani ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenze kubhajethi, nokuthi ungakuthola kanjani umelaphi ongcono kakhulu kuwe.)
• Hlakulela inethiwekhi yabangane nomndeni onothando ongathembela kuyo lapho impilo iba nezinxushunxushu futhi ibuhlungu.
• Prakthiza i-yoga nokuzindla. "Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi le mikhuba yengqondo yehlisa izimpawu zokudangala ngokushintsha ubudlelwano bethu nemicabango emibi futhi iguqule umzimba wethu," esho. (Nakhu lapho ukuzivocavoca umzimba kusiza-futhi lapho kufanele uthathe ukwelashwa isinyathelo esengeziwe.)
• Vuma ubunzima bempilo. "Njengomphakathi, kufanele sivume ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka okungokwemvelo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunamathela ekupheleleni," kusho uFranklin. "Ukwamukela umzabalazo wempilo kudumisa ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwawo kunokuba kuqhubekise ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka okugxile ezinkambisweni zamasiko zokusebenza ngokweqile."

Uma ulwa nemicabango yokuzibulala noma uzizwe ucindezeleke kakhulu isikhathi esithile, shayela iNational Suicide Prevention Lifeline ku-1-800-273-TALK (8255) ukuze ukhulume nomuntu ozokunikeza ukwesekwa kwamahhala nokuyimfihlo amahora angama-24 usuku, izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngesonto.

Buyekeza kwe-