Ukudla Kosher: Konke Odinga Ukukwazi

-Delile

• Kusho Ukuthini iKosher?
• Izinhlanganisela ezithile zokudla zivinjelwe ngokuqinile
• Imikhiqizo ethile kuphela yezilwane evunyelwe
• Inyama (Fleishig)
• Ubisi (Milchig)
• Izinhlanzi namaqanda (Pareve)
• Imihlahlandlela yokudla okutshalwe ezitshalweni
• Izinhlamvu Nezinkwa
• Izithelo Nemifino
• Amantongomane, Imbewu, namafutha
• Iwayini
• Kusetshenziswa Imithetho Ehlukile NgePhasika
• Sisebenza Kanjani Isitifiketi?
• Okusemqoka

“Kosher” igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukudla okuhambisana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokudla zomthetho wendabuko wamaJuda.

KumaJuda amaningi, i-kosher imayelana nokungaphezu nje kokuphepha kwezempilo noma kokudla. Imayelana nokuhlonipha nokunamathela esikweni lenkolo.

Lokho kusho ukuthi, akuyona yonke imiphakathi yamaJuda elandela imihlahlandlela eqinile ye-kosher. Abanye abantu bangakhetha ukulandela imithetho ethile kuphela - noma cha.

Lo mbhalo uhlola ukuthi kusho ukuthini i-kosher, uchaza imihlahlandlela yawo eyinhloko yokudla, futhi unikeze nezidingo zokudla okumele zihlangabezane nakho ukuze kuthathwe njenge-kosher.

Kusho Ukuthini iKosher?

Igama lesiNgisi elithi "kosher" lisuselwa empandeni yesiHeberu "kashér," okusho ukuba msulwa, okufanele, noma okufanele ukusetshenziswa ().

Imithetho enikeza isisekelo sephethini yokudla ye-kosher ngokuhlanganyela ibizwa ngokuthi i-kashrut futhi itholakala ngaphakathi kweTorah, incwadi yamaJuda yemibhalo engcwele. Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwale mithetho idluliselwa ngokwesiko lomlomo (2).

Imithetho yokudla okunomsoco ibanzi futhi inikezela ngohlaka oluqinile lwemithetho olungagcini nje ngokuchaza ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okuvunyelwe noma okungavunyelwe kodwa futhi ligunyaza nokuthi ukudla okuvunyelwe kufanele kukhiqizwe kanjani, kucutshungulwe futhi kulungiswe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa (2).

“Kosher” igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukudla okuhambisana nemihlahlandlela yokudla ebekwe ngumthetho wendabuko wamaJuda. Le mithetho inquma ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okungadliwa nokuthi kufanele kukhiqizwe kanjani, kucutshungulwe futhi kulungiswe.

Izinhlanganisela ezithile zokudla zivinjelwe ngokuqinile

Eminye imihlahlandlela yokudla eyinhloko ye-kosher ivimbela ukuhlangana kokudla okuthile - ikakhulukazi lokho kwenyama nobisi.

Kunezigaba ezintathu zokudla okuyisisekelo:

• Inyama (fleishig): Izilwane ezincelisayo noma izinyoni, kanye nemikhiqizo etholakala kubo, kufaka phakathi amathambo noma umhluzi.
• Ubisi (milchig): Ubisi, ushizi, ibhotela, neyogathi.
• I-Pareve: Noma ikuphi ukudla okungeyona inyama noma ubisi, kufaka phakathi inhlanzi, amaqanda, kanye nokudla okususelwa ezitshalweni.

Ngokwesiko le-kosher, noma ikuphi ukudla okuhlukaniswe njengenyama akukaze kuphakwe noma kudliwe ngesikhathi esifanayo nomkhiqizo wobisi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izitsha nemishini esetshenziselwa ukucubungula nokuhlanza inyama nobisi kufanele igcinwe yehlukile - ngisho nasezinsikeni lapho igezwa khona.

Ngemuva kokudla inyama, kufanele ulinde isikhathi esinqunyiwe ngaphambi kokudla noma yimuphi umkhiqizo wobisi. Ubude besikhathi buyahlukahluka ngokwamasiko ahlukahlukene obuJuda kepha imvamisa kuphakathi kwehora elilodwa kuya kwayisithupha.

Izinto zokudla ezidliwayo zibhekwa njengezingathathi hlangothi futhi zingadliwa kanye nenyama noma ubisi. Kodwa-ke, uma ukudla okuphekiwe kuphekiwe noma kusetshenzwa kusetshenziswa noma imuphi umshini osetshenziselwa ukucubungula inyama noma ubisi, kungahle kufakwe kabusha njengenyama, ubisi noma okungeyona eye-kosher.

Imihlahlandlela ye-Kosher ivimbela ngokuqinile ukubhangqwa kwanoma iyiphi inyama nomkhiqizo wobisi. Lokhu kusho nokuthi zonke izitsha nemishini esetshenziselwe ukulungisa inyama nobisi kufanele igcinwe ihlukile njalo.

Imikhiqizo ethile kuphela yezilwane evunyelwe

Ingxenye enkulu yemithetho ye-kosher ikhuluma ngokudla okususelwa ezilwaneni nendlela okuhlatshwa ngayo nokulungiswa ngayo.

Ubisi luphathwa njengenhlangano ehlukile futhi akumele luphuzwe noma lulungiswe eceleni kwenyama noma imikhiqizo yenyama.

Izinhlanzi namaqanda kubhekwa njenge-pareve futhi kunemithetho yawo, futhi.

Inyama (Fleishig)

Igama elithi "inyama" kumongo we-kosher ngokuvamile libhekisa enyameni edliwayo evela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni, kanye nanoma yimiphi imikhiqizo etholakala kuzo, njengomhluzi, i-gravy, noma amathambo.

Umthetho wamaJuda uthi ukuze inyama ibhekwe njenge-kosher, kufanele ihlangabezane nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

• Kumele iqhamuke ezilwaneni ezikhanyayo ezinezinselo ezihlukanisiwe - noma ezihlukanisiwe, njengezinkomo, izimvu, izimbuzi, amawundlu, izinkabi nezinyamazane.
• Ukusikwa kwenyama okuvunyelwe kuphela kuvela engaphambili lezilwane ezikhanyayo ze-kosher.
• Ezinye izinyoni ezifuywayo zingadliwa, njengenkukhu, amahansi, izigwaca, ijuba ne-turkey.
• Isilwane kufanele sihlatshwe ngoqwembe - umuntu oqeqeshwe futhi aqinisekiswe ukuhlaba izilwane ngokwemithetho yamaJuda.
• Inyama kufanele ifakwe ukuze kususwe noma imuphi umkhondo wegazi ngaphambi kokupheka.
• Noma iziphi izitsha ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlaba noma ukulungisa inyama kufanele zibe kosher futhi zibekelwe ukusetshenziswa kuphela ngemikhiqizo yenyama nenyama.

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zemikhiqizo yenyama nenyama azithathwa njenge-kosher:

• Inyama evela ezingulubeni, onogwaja, izingwejeje, amakamela, ama-kangaroo, noma amahhashi
• Izinyoni ezizingelayo noma ezikhohlisayo, ezinjengokhozi, izikhova, izingwengwezi noKlebe
• Ukusikwa kwenkomo okuvela ngemuva kwesilwane, njenge-flank, short loin, sirloin, round kanye ne-shank

Ubisi (Milchig)

Imikhiqizo yobisi - njengobisi, ushizi, ibhotela, neyogathi - iyavunyelwa, noma kumele ihambisane nemithetho ethile ukuze ibhekwe njenge-kosher:

• Kumele bavele esilwaneni se-kosher.
• Akufanele neze zixutshwe nanoma yikuphi okuphuma enyameni, njenge-gelatin noma i-rennet (i-enzyme etholakala ezilwaneni), okuvame ukwenzeka ngoshizi onzima neminye imikhiqizo eshiziwe esetshenzisiwe.
• Kumele futhi bazilungiselele besebenzisa izitsha ze-kosher nemishini engakaze isetshenziselwe ukucubungula noma yimuphi umkhiqizo osuselwa enyameni.

Izinhlanzi namaqanda (Pareve)

Yize ngamunye enemithetho yakhe ehlukile, izinhlanzi namaqanda kubhekwa njenge-pareve, noma ukungathathi hlangothi, okusho ukuthi aqukethe ubisi noma inyama.

Inhlanzi ibhekwa njenge-kosher kuphela uma ivela esilwaneni esinamaphiko nezikali, njenge-tuna, i-salmon, i-halibut, noma i-mackerel.

Izidalwa ezihlala emanzini ezingenazo lezi zici zomzimba azivunyelwe, njengezimfanzi, inkalankala, ama-oysters, ama-lobster, nezinye izinhlobo ze-shellfish.

Ngokungafani nenyama ye-kosher, izinhlanzi azidingi izitsha ezihlukile ukulungiselela kwazo futhi zingadliwa eceleni kwenyama noma imikhiqizo yobisi.

Amaqanda aqhamuka kwizinyoni ze-kosher noma inhlanzi avunyelwe inqobo nje uma engenayo iminonjana yegazi kuwo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iqanda ngalinye kufanele lihlolwe ngawodwana.

Njengezinhlanzi, amaqanda angadliwa eceleni kwenyama noma okobisi.

Imihlahlandlela ye-Kosher ikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kokudla okusekelwe ezilwaneni ezilwaneni ezithile kanye nokusikeka kwenyama okuhlatshwayo nokulungiswa ngendlela ethile.

Imihlahlandlela yokudla okutshalwe ezitshalweni

Njengezinhlanzi namaqanda, ukudla okususelwa ezitshalweni kubhekwa njenge-pareve, noma kungathathi hlangothi, okusho ukuthi ayinayo inyama noma ubisi futhi kungadliwa nelinye lalawo maqembu okudla.

Noma kunemingcele ethize kunenyama nobisi, lokhu kudla futhi kunesethi yemihlahlandlela ye-kosher - ikakhulukazi maqondana nokuthi kusetshenzwa kanjani.

Izinhlamvu Nezinkwa

Ngendlela emsulwa ngayo, okusanhlamvu nokudla okususelwa okusanhlamvu kubhekwa njenge-kosher. Kodwa-ke, izindlela ezithile zokucubungula zingagcina ngokuzibona zingasekeli.

Izinhlamvu ezicutshunguliwe ezifana nesinkwa kungenzeka zingabi yi-kosher ngenxa yemishini ezicutshungulwa ngayo noma izithako ezisetshenziswayo.

Kuvamile ukuthi ezinye izinkwa ziqukethe uwoyela noma ukunciphisa. Uma kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa okwenziwe ngesilwane, isinkwa kungenzeka singathathwa njenge-kosher.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma amapani okubhaka noma enye imishini ifakwa ngamafutha asuselwa ezilwaneni noma isetshenziselwe ukupheka noma isiphi isidlo esinezinyama noma zobisi, umkhiqizo wokugcina awuseyona i-kosher.

Ngoba lezi zinhlobo zezindlela zokucubungula azidalulwa ngokujwayelekile kwilebuli ejwayelekile yokudla noma isithako, imikhiqizo yesinkwa nemikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu kufanele iqinisekiswe njenge-kosher ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla kuthobela yonke imihlahlandlela efanele.

Izithelo Nemifino

Ngokufana nezinhlamvu, izithelo nemifino kukhishwa ngendlela engalungiswa.

Kodwa-ke, ngoba izinambuzane azikho i-kosher, izithelo nemifino emisha kumele ihlolwe ukuthi kukhona yini izinambuzane noma izibungu ngaphambi kokudayiswa noma ukusetshenziswa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo yezithelo nemifino ekhiqizwa kusetshenziswa imishini engeyona eye-kosher, njenganoma yini ecubungula ubisi nenyama, akuyona i-kosher.

Amantongomane, Imbewu, namafutha

Ngokuvamile, amantongomane, imbewu, kanye namafutha atholakala kuwo yi-kosher.

Kodwa-ke, ukucubungula okuyinkimbinkimbi kwalokhu kudla kuvame ukubenza bangabi-kosher ngenxa yokungcoliswa okuphambene nemishini esetshenziselwa ukucubungula inyama kanye / noma imikhiqizo yobisi.

Amafutha amaningi emifino nembewu athola izinyathelo eziningana eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphambi kokuba abhekwe njengokudla. Ngasinye salezi zinyathelo kumele sibhekwe ngeso elibukhali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nemihlahlandlela ye-kosher ().

Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqiniseke ngokuphelele ukuthi oyela owasebenzisayo akhona, kungcono ukubheka ilebuli yesitifiketi.

Iwayini

Njengokudla, iwayini kufanele likhiqizwe kusetshenziswa imishini ye-kosher nezithako ezizothathwa njenge-kosher. Lokhu kufaka noma yimaphi amathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukuvuna nokulungiselela amagilebhisi ukuvutshelwa.

Kodwa-ke, ngoba iwayini libalulekile ezikhathini eziningi zenkolo yamaJuda, kubekwa imithetho eqinile.

Eqinisweni, yonke inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwewayini le-kosher kumele yenziwe futhi igadwe ngamaJuda asebenzayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iwayini ngeke lithathwe njenge-kosher.

Iningi lokudla okususelwa ezitshalweni kubhekwa njenge-kosher. Kodwa-ke, bangalahlekelwa yilesi simo uma becutshungulwa noma belungiswa kusetshenziswa imishini engeyona eye-kosher.

Kusetshenziswa Imithetho Ehlukile NgePhasika

Imikhawulo eyengeziwe yokudla kosher isebenza ngesikhathi seholide lenkolo lePhasika.

Yize kunokuhlukahluka okuthile ekulandeleni imihlahlandlela yokudla kwePhasika, yonke imikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu efakwe imvubelo ngokwesiko ayenqatshelwe.

Lokhu kudla sekukonke kubizwa nge- “chametz” futhi kufaka izinhlamvu ezilandelayo:

• Ukolweni
• Oats
• Rye
• Ibhali
• Kupelwe

Lokho kusho ukuthi, ezinye zalezi zinhlamvu zingavunyelwa inqobo nje uma zingathintananga nanoma yimuphi umswakama isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-18 futhi zingenazo izithako ezifakwayo ezifakwayo, ezifana nemvubelo.

Yingakho i-matzo, uhlobo lwesinkwa esingenamvubelo esingenamvubelo, ingabhekwa njenge-chametz - yize ngokwesiko yenziwe ngokolweni.

Ngesikhathi sePhasika, yonke imikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu efakwe imvubelo ayivunyelwe. Kodwa-ke, kuvunyelwe izinkwa ezingenamvubelo, njenge-matzo.

Sisebenza Kanjani Isitifiketi?

Ngenxa yezinkambiso zesimanje zokukhiqiza ukudla, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla okudlayo kungokosher kungaba yinselelo enkulu.

Yingakho izinhlelo zikhona zokuqinisekisa imikhiqizo ethile yokudla.

I-Foodher eqinisekisiwe i-kosher ifaka ilebula emaphaketheni abo ekhombisa ukuthi bahlangabezane nazo zonke izidingo ezidingekayo.

Kunenqwaba yamalebula we-kosher, amaningi awo avela ezinhlanganweni ezahlukahlukene zokuqinisekisa. Uma ukudla kuqinisekisiwe ngePhasika, lokhu kuzokhonjiswa kwilebula elehlukile. Amalebula angakhombisa futhi ukuthi ngabe ukudla kungubisi, inyama, noma i-pareve.

Uma uzama ukunamathela kumhlahlandlela wokudla we-kosher, kungcono ukhethe kuphela ukudla okunalawa amalebula ukuze ugweme ukudla ngephutha okuthile okungekho kosher.

Uma ugcina i-kosher, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka amalebula afanele lapho uthenga. Ukudla okuphekiwe kuvame ukufaka isitifiketi sokuqinisekisa ukuthi bahlangabezane nayo yonke imibandela edingekayo.

Okusemqoka

“I-Kosher” isho uhlaka lokudla lwamaJuda lokulungiselela, ukucubungula nokusetshenziswa.

Yize ukwehluka kukhona, imihlahlandlela eminingi ivimbela ukubhangqa inyama nobisi futhi ivumela kuphela izilwane ezithile ukuthi zidliwe.

Ukudla okungabhekwa njengenyama noma ubisi kwamukelwa ngokuvamile, inqobo nje uma kukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa imishini ye-kosher nemikhuba.

Kungabekwa eminye imithetho ngamaholide ezenkolo.

Ngenxa yobunzima bokukhiqizwa kokudla kwanamuhla, kungaba nzima ukwazi ukuthi ngabe ukudla okuningi okusetshenzisiwe kususher. Ukugwema noma yiziphi iziphambeko, hlala ubheka amalebula wesitifiketi se-kosher.