Okudingwa Abesifazane Abancane Ngokuphuza ngokweqile

-Delile

• Okushiwo Izibalo
• Yini Ebangela Ukunyuka
• Izimpawu Zotshwala
• Buyekeza kwe-

Kusukela emibuthanweni ye-brunch kuye kumadethi okuqala ukuya kumaphathi weholide, akunakuphikwa ukuthi utshwala budlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yethu yomphakathi. Futhi yize abaningi bethu bezazi izinzuzo zezempilo zokuphuza kancane (U-Ed Sheeran wehlise amakhilogremu angama-50 ngokusika nje ubhiya), iningi labantu linqikaza ukuyeka ukuphuza isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga (bheka kuwe ku-Dry January!).

Kepha imiphumela yokuphuza ngokweqile idlulela ngaphezu kokupakisha amakhilogremu athe xaxa: Inani labantu abasha (abaneminyaka engama-25 kuya kwengama-34) ababulawa yisifo sesibindi nesifo sokuqina kwesibindi liyanda ngokushesha, ngokusho kocwaningo olusha olushicilelwe ku BMJ-nesifo sokuqina kwesibindi kotshwala yiyona ehamba phambili kulokhu kwanda okubulalayo. Lo mkhuba uhambisana nokuthi utshwala budlondlobala futhi bukhula ngesivinini kwabesifazane, ikakhulukazi kubantu besifazane abasebasha.

Uma lezi kuyizindaba kuwe, silapha ukuze siphendule imibuzo ethile ebalulekile, njengokuthi ubani ngempela osengcupheni, yini ebangela ushintsho, nokuthi ikuphi ukuziphatha okuhlobene notshwala okufanele ukuqaphele.

Okushiwo Izibalo

Ucwaningo lwakamuva olushicilelwe ku I-JAMA Psychiatry ubheke ukusetshenziswa kotshwala e-U.S. kusuka ngo-2001 kuya ku-2002 futhi kusukela ngo-2012 kuya ku-2013, wathola ukuthi umuntu oyedwa kwabayisishiyagalombili e-U.S. uhlangabezana nenqubo yokusetshenziswa kotshwala, okuyi-aka alcoholism. Lolu cwaningo lubheke abantu abakhombise izimpawu zokusebenzisa kabi utshwala noma ukuphuza utshwala, kokubili okunomthelela ekuhlangabezaneni nenqubo yokuhlonza ukuthi uphuzile. (Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yini efaneleka njengokusebenzisa kabi utshwala noma ukuncika, ungathola yonke imininingwane nge-National Institutes of Health.)

Lokho kuyamangaza kukodwa, kepha nangu okwethusayo kwangempela: Kubantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-30, oyedwa kwabane uhlangabezana nenqubo. Leyo yinombolo emangazayo. Elinye lamaqembu abone ukwanda okukhulu kokusetshenziswa phakathi kuka-2001 no-2013? Abesifazane. Futhi akuzona nje izibalo ezikhuluma ngale ndaba. Abahlinzeki bokwelapha babona ukwanda kweziguli zesifazane, ikakhulukazi ezisencane. "Ngibone ukunyuka okuqhubekayo," kusho u-Charlynn Ruan, Ph.D., isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esizinze e-Los Angeles kanye nomsunguli we-Thrive Psychology LA. "Ngisebenza kakhulu nabesifazane, futhi ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kuyinkinga enkulu kubasekolishi bami nakumakhasimende ami okuqala emsebenzini."

Umkhuba uhlala isikhathi eside ngaphesheya kwekolishi, noma kunjalo. "Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhomba inani eliphakeme lokuphuza utshwala eqenjini labadala, kusukela kwabangama-25 kuya kwangama-34," kusho uJoseph Galati, M.D., ongudokotela wezifo zengqondo ozinze eHouston ogxile ekunakekeleni iziguli ezinesifo sesibindi. "Abanye bakubophela ukuwohloka komnotho eminyakeni engu-10 edlule, kanti abanye bangase bakhombe ekuthuthukisweni kwezomnotho kanye nemali engenayo engasetshenziswa ekuzijabuliseni nasekuphuzeni utshwala. Ngokwami ​​umkhuba, ngibone ukwanda kokuzitika ngotshwala ngezimpelasonto, ethwala imithelela emibi. Iningi lentsha aliqondi ngempela izingozi ezitholakala ekuphuzeni utshwala, ekubhodleleni, nomehluko kubuthi besibindi phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. "

Kuyiqiniso: Utshwala buthinta imizimba yabesifazane ngendlela ehlukile kweyabesilisa, ngokusho kweNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Abesifazane badakwa ngokushesha futhi bacubungula utshwala ngokwehlukile. Futhi, ukuphuza ngokweqile (lokho kusho ukuthi iziphuzo eziyisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu ngesonto, ngokwe-CDC) kungandisa ingozi yezifo ezithile, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza webele nesifo sobuchopho.

Nakuba kungebona bonke abantu abazitika ngotshwala abayimilutha yotshwala, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abesifazane abasekolishi banamathuba amaningi okudlula izinkombandlela zokuphuza ezinconyiwe kunamadoda asekolishi. Futhi i-FYI, ukuze kubhekwe "njengotshwala," umuntu udinga ukuhlangabezana nemibandela yokusebenzisa kabi utshwala noma ukuncika otshwaleni-okusho ukuthi uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi yokuphila ngenxa yokuphuza kwakhe noma uhalela utshwala njalo. Futhi nakuba kuseyiqiniso ukuthi amadoda maningi amathuba okuba abe izidakwa zotshwala kunabesifazane (izibalo zamanje zibonisa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-4.5 amadoda e-US afaneleka njengotshwala kuyilapho amaphesenti angu-2.5 abesifazane enza, nakuba zombili lezi zinombolo zikhulile kusukela kulolu cwaningo. kwenziwa), kunokuqwashiswa okuncane ngezinkinga ezibucayi abesifazane ababhekana nazo ezihlobene nokuphuza ngokweqile, kusho ochwepheshe. “Ekuqaleni kophawu lwenkinga abesifazane kudingeka baqaphele, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwabesifazane kuvame ukuthuthuka ngokushesha ukusuka ekusetshenzisweni kokuqala kuya ekubeni umlutha kunabesilisa,” kusho uPatricia O'Gorman, Ph.D., isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo nomlobi.

Yini Ebangela Ukunyuka

Imvamisa, abesifazane bafunda indlela yokuziphatha ehlobene notshwala ekolishi noma esikoleni esiphakeme. Kwaba njalo ku-Emily, oneminyaka engu-25 ubudala owaphuza utshwala lapho eneminyaka engu-21. Uthi: “Ngaqala ukuphuza utshwala ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali bami lapho ngineminyaka engu-15. Kuqale njengokuqabukela, kwabe sekuthuthuka kwaba yinto yokuphuza kakhulu nokuziphatha budedengu-ngeminyaka yakhe yobusha nasesikoleni esiphakeme. "Lokhu kuqhubeke iminyaka emithathu kwaze kwaba ngemuva nje kokuzalwa kweminyaka engama-21. Bengingomunye walabo bantu abadakayo abangazange bazinike isikhathi sokukuvumela kubonakale kugqame ngokuphelele ukulutha umlutha kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-90 esikhathini esingaphansi komzuzu."

Ochwepheshe bathi okuhlangenwe nakho kuka-Emily akuvamile, futhi kungenxa yezithombe abantu abasha abachayeka kuzo. “Siphila emphakathini lapho utshwala bukhangiswa kakhulu njengesithako somphakathi ukuze ukwazi ukukusiza ungene ezimweni ezintsha, uphumule, futhi ube nesikhathi esimnandi,” kusho u-O'Gorman. Ngemifanekiso eminingi yotshwala kanye "nezinzuzo" zayo, kulula ukuqonda ukuthi abantu abasha bakhula kanjani ukuzihlanganisa okuhle nezinto. Bheka nje i-akhawunti mbumbulu ye-Instagram eyenzelwe ukuqwashisa ngotshwala, eqoqe abalandeli abangu-68,000 ezinyangeni ezimbili nje kuphela. I-ejensi yezikhangiso ihlanganise i-akhawunti, ebinentokazi ebukeka ipholile enotshwala obungaqondakali obufakwa kukho konke okuthunyelwe, kwiklayenti labo lokululama, futhi yafakazela kalula iphuzu labo lokuthi ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kuphela kubantu abasha kuvame ukuhamba akunakwa, kodwa abantu bathanda ukubona izithombe ezikhangayo zotshwala.

Mayelana nokuthi kungani abesifazane abaningi bephuza kunanini ngaphambili, ochwepheshe bathi kunezici eziningana ezithintekayo. "Esinye siwukuthi okulindelwe emphakathini kanye nezinkambiso zamasiko sekuguqukile," kusho uJennifer Wider, M.D., uchwepheshe wezempilo wabesifazane. Ucwaningo lwamuva ku I-JAMA Psychiatry uveze ukuthi njengoba abesifazane abaningi bengena emsebenzini ngenxa yokwanda kokukhetha emsebenzini nasemfundweni, izinga labo lokuphuza utshwala nalo lingakhuphuka. "Yize lungekho ucwaningo olucacile lokuthi kungani lokhu kunjalo, kungenzeka kungenxa yezimo ezahlukahlukene, ezifana njengabesifazane nabesilisa ababhekana namazinga afanayo okucindezeleka okuhlobene nomsebenzi, noma isifiso "sokuhambisana" nokuphuza komphakathi ehhovisi.

Okokugcina, kukhona iqiniso lokuthi omncane abesifazane ikakhulukazi abaziwa ukuthi "basengozini" yokusebenzisa kabi utshwala, okungenza kube nzima ukubona. "Ngifisa sengathi abantu bazi ukuthi iminyaka yobudala akuyona into enquma ukuthi ungaba yini umlutha wotshwala noma cha," kusho u-Emily. "Ngazitshela iminyaka ukuthi ngimncane kakhulu ukuba ngibe umlutha wotshwala nokuthi ngangizijabulisa njengazo zonke ezinye izingane zasesikoleni esiphakeme, zasekolishi, (ugcwalisa isikhala)." Kusukela kumilutha yamanje kuya kulabo abalulamayo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi abantu babo bonke ubulili nabo bonke ubudala banobungozi. "Inkolelo-mbono yemihlangano enezinyathelo ezingu-12 egcwele ngokugcwele amadoda aneminyaka ephakathi imane nje iyinkolelo-mbono."

Izimpawu Zotshwala

Ukuphuza ngokweqile akuhlali kusobala, ikakhulukazi kubantu ngokuvamile abanezimpilo zabo "ndawonye." "Umuntu angakwazi ukusanguluka isonto lonke, bese ephuza ngokweqile ngempelasonto," kuphawula uRuan. "Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomkhakha, owesifazane angahle azwakale njalo ebusuku, kepha angalokothi adle. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi ukuphuza kwakhe kunomthelela kanjani ekusebenzeni kwakhe, ebudlelwaneni nasempilweni." Uma enye yalezi zindawo ihlupheka futhi nemizamo yokunciphisa ukuphuza ingasebenzi, kungahle kube khona inkinga edinga ukulungiswa.

“Ngangingaphuzi nsuku zonke,” kusho uKaty, oneminyaka engu-32 osekuphele iminyaka emine engaphuzile. "Ngangihlala ngiwumlutha wotshwala. Ngangihlala izinsuku noma amasonto ngaphandle, kodwa lapho ngithatha, ukulawula inani engangilidla kwakungenzeki. Angizange ngikwazi ukuyeka ukuphuza uma sengiqalile, ikakhulukazi esimweni sephathi," uthi. Lokhu empeleni kujwayelekile, ngokusho kuka-O'Gorman, futhi kwabaningi, kwenza kube nzima ukubona le nkinga. “Ukulutheka kuhlobene nomthelela umuthi onawo kuwe, ngaphezu kwalokho owusebenzisa kaningi, futhi lokhu kukhuluma ngebhayoloji yokuhlukumeza nokulutheka,” kuchaza yena. "Uma uphuza kanye ngonyaka kodwa ungakwazi ukulawula ukuthi uphuza kangakanani futhi ungakhumbuli ukuthi wenzeni, unenkinga."

Ngakho-ke yini okufanele uyenze uma unezinkinga ngokuphuza kwakho? “Khuluma nodokotela wakho oyinhloko noma udokotela wengqondo noma umeluleki,” kusikisela uThomas Franklin, M.D., umqondisi wezokwelapha we-The Retreat at Sheppard Pratt. "Izikhathi eziningi izikhathi ezimbalwa zokwelulekwa zizosiza kakhulu. Ukuze kube nezinkinga zokusebenzisa kabi utshwala, kunamazinga amaningi okunakekelwa atholakala kwiziguli ezingalaliswayo ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuhlala isikhathi eside enemiphumela emihle kulabo abangayithatha ngokungathi sína. I-Alcoholics Anonymous ( Imihlangano ye-AA) isebenzela abantu abaningi, futhi. " Futhi, njengoba abantu abaningi besesidlangalaleni bevula imininingwane ngokubhekabheka kwabo noma ngokushikashikeka kwabo ukuhlala besangulukile (uDemi Lovato phakathi kwabo) nokwenza ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngokusabalala kotshwala nokuthi kubangelwa yini, ikusasa lingaphezu kwethemba.

Buyekeza kwe-