Igciwane le-Zika ekukhulelweni: izimpawu, ubungozi enganeni nokuthi kutholakala kanjani ukuxilongwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu zegciwane leZika lapho ukhulelwe
• Izingozi nezinkinga zengane
• Ukudluliswa kwenzeka kanjani
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• 1. Ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana e-PCR
• 2. Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kweZika
• 3. Ukuhlolwa okwehlukile koDenga, iZika kanye neChikungunya
• Ungazivikela kanjani kuZika ngesikhathi ukhulelwe

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-Zika ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubonisa ingozi enganeni, ngoba igciwane liyakwazi ukuwela i-placenta futhi lifinyelele ebuchosheni bengane futhi lithikameze ukukhula kwalo, okuholela ekutheni kube ne-microcephaly nolunye ushintsho lwezinzwa, njengokuntuleka kokuhlangana kwezimoto kanye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo .

Lokhu kutheleleka kubonakala ngezimpawu nezimpawu ezethulwe ngowesifazane okhulelwe, njengokuvela kwamabala abomvu esikhunjeni, umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala emalungeni, kanye nangokuhlolwa okufanele kuboniswe ngudokotela nokuvumayo ukuhlonza isiguli

Izimpawu zegciwane leZika lapho ukhulelwe

Owesifazane otheleleke ngegciwane le-Zika ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa unezimpawu nezimpawu ezifanayo njengabo bonke abantu abangenwe yileli gciwane, njengale:

• Amabala abomvu esikhunjeni;
• Ukulunywa komzimba;
• Imfiva;
• Ikhanda;
• Ubomvu emehlweni;
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene;
• Ukuvuvukala emzimbeni;
• Ubuthakathaka.

Isikhathi sokufukamela kwegciwane siyizinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-14, okungukuthi, izimpawu zokuqala ziqala ukuvela ngemuva kwaleyo nkathi futhi zivame ukunyamalala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-2 kuye kwezi-7. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe izimpawu ziyanyamalala, kubalulekile ukuthi owesifazane aye kudokotela wokubelethisa noma wezifo ezithathelwanayo ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa futhi kuqinisekiswe nengozi yokudluliselwa kwegciwane enganeni.

Yize ukukhubazeka kwengane kukhulu lapho umama eneZika esikhathini sokuqala sokukhulelwa, ingane ingathinteka kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhulelwa. Yingakho bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe kumele bephelezelwe odokotela ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa ngaphambi kokubeletha futhi kumele bazivikele emsikeni ukuze bagweme ukubamba iZika, ngaphezu kwalokho kumele basebenzise namakhondomu, lapho umlingani ekhombisa izimpawu zeZika.

Izingozi nezinkinga zengane

Igciwane le-Zika likwazi ukuwela i-placenta futhi lifinyelele enganeni futhi, njengoba linokuhlelwa kwesistimu yezinzwa, liya ebuchosheni bengane, liphazamise ukukhula kwalo futhi liholele kwi-microcephaly, ebonakala ngepherimitha yekhanda elincane kune-33 amasentimitha. Njengomphumela wokungakhuli kahle kobuchopho, ingane inokukhubazeka kwengqondo, kunzima ukubona nokuntuleka kokuxhumana kwezimoto.

Yize ingane ingafinyelelwa kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhulelwa, izingozi ziba nkulu lapho ukutheleleka kukamama kwenzeka kuma-trimesters okuqala okukhulelwa, ngoba ingane isisesigabeni sokukhula, inengozi enkulu yokuphuphuma kwesisu nokufa kwengane ngisho esibelethweni sokuqala, isibeletho, kanti kuma-trimesters okugcina okukhulelwa ingane yakhiwa cishe, ngakho-ke igciwane linomthelela omncane.

Izindlela kuphela zokwazi ukuthi ngabe ingane ine-microcephaly nge-ultrasound lapho kungabonwa khona ipherimitha elincane lobuchopho nangokukala ubukhulu bekhanda ngokushesha nje lapho ingane izalwa. Kodwa-ke, akukho sivivinyo esingafakazela ukuthi igciwane leZika lalikhona egazini lengane nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ucwaningo lwenziwe lwaqinisekisa ubukhona begciwane ku-amniotic fluid, serum, izicubu zobuchopho kanye ne-CSF yezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ezine-microcephaly, okukhombisa ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka.

Ukudluliswa kwenzeka kanjani

Indlela eyinhloko yokudluliswa kwegciwane le-Zika ukulunywa umiyane we-Aedes aegypti, kodwa futhi kungenzeka ukuthi leli gciwane lidluliselwe lisuka kumama liye enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Amacala okudluliswa kwegciwane le-Zika ngokuya ocansini olungavikelekile nawo achaziwe, kepha lolu hlobo lokudlulisela lusadinga ukuqhubeka nokufundwa ukuze luqinisekiswe.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kweZika ekukhulelweni kufanele kwenziwe ngudokotela ngokususelwa ekuhloleni kwezimpawu nezimpawu ezivezwa ngumuntu, kanye nokwenza izivivinyo ezithile. Kubalulekile ukuthi kwenziwe izivivinyo ngesikhathi sezimpawu, ngamathuba amakhulu okukhomba igciwane elijikelezayo.

Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko oku-3 okwazi ukubona ukuthi umuntu uneZika yilokhu:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana e-PCR

Ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhomba ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-Zika, ngoba ngaphezu kokukhombisa ubukhona noma ukungabikho kokutheleleka, kuphinde kwazise inani legciwane elijikelezayo, elibalulekile ekubonisweni kokwelashwa ngudokotela.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR kungakhomba izinhlayiya zegciwane egazini, kwi-placenta naku-amniotic fluid. Umphumela utholakala kalula uma wenziwa ngenkathi umuntu enezimpawu zesifo, esihluka phakathi kwezinsuku ezintathu nezili-10. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, amasosha omzimba alwa negciwane kanti amagciwane amancane akhona kulezi zicubu, lapho kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuxilongwa.

Uma umphumela ungemuhle, okusho ukuthi azikho izinhlayiya zegciwane le-Zika ezitholakele egazini, kwi-placenta noma ku-amniotic fluid, kepha ingane ine-microcephaly, ezinye izimbangela zalesi sifo kumele ziphenywe. Yazi izimbangela ze-microcephaly.

Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukwazi ukuthi ngabe lo wesifazane ubesenayo yini iZika isikhathi eside kangangoba amasosha omzimba asekwazile ukususa yonke iminonjana yaleli gciwane emzimbeni. Lokhu kungacaciswa kuphela ngokwenza olunye uvivinyo oluhlola amasosha omzimba akhiwe ngokumelene negciwane le-Zika, okwamanje elingakabi bikho, yize abacwaningi emhlabeni wonke besebenza kulokhu.

2. Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kweZika

Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kweZika kwenziwa ngenhloso yokuhlolwa, ngoba kukhombisa kuphela ukuthi ngabe likhona yini ukutheleleka okususelwa ekuhlolweni kwama-antibody ajikelezayo emzimbeni alwa negciwane. Endabeni yemiphumela emihle, ukusebenza kokuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana kuyakhonjiswa, ngenkathi ezivivinyweni ezingezinhle isincomo ukuphinda isivivinyo futhi, uma kunezimpawu nokuhlolwa okusheshayo okungekuhle, ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana nakho kuyakhonjiswa.

3. Ukuhlolwa okwehlukile koDenga, iZika kanye neChikungunya

Njengoba iDengue, iZika neChikungunya zidala izimpawu ezifanayo, okunye kokuhlolwa okungenziwa elabhoratri ukuhlolwa okwehlukile kwalezi zifo, okuqukethe ama-reagents athile wesifo ngasinye futhi kunikeze umphumela esikhathini esingaphansi noma esingaphansi kwamahora amabili.

Bona okuningi mayelana nokuxilongwa kukaZika.

Ungazivikela kanjani kuZika ngesikhathi ukhulelwe

Ukuzivikela nokugwema iZika, abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bagqoke izingubo ezinde ezihlanganisa isikhumba esiningi futhi basebenzise izinto ezixosha nsuku zonke ukuvimbela omiyane. Bona ukuthi iziphi izinto ezixoshiwe ezikhonjiswa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Amanye amasu angaba wusizo ukutshala i-citronella noma ukukhanyisa amakhandlela amnandi e-citronella eduze ngoba agcina omiyane bengekho. Ukutshala imali ekusetshenzisweni kokudla okunothe ku-vitamin B1 nakho kuyasiza ukugcina omiyane bangekho ngoba kuguqula iphunga lesikhumba, kuvimbele omiyane bangadonswa yiphunga labo.