Umhlathi ophukile noma ohlukanisiwe

Umhlathi ophukile ukuhlukana (ukuphuka) emathanjeni omhlathi. Umhlathi ohlukanisiwe usho ukuthi ingxenye engezansi yomhlathi isukile endaweni yayo ejwayelekile kwelinye noma womabili amalunga lapho ithambo lomhlathi lihlangana khona nogebhezi (amalunga we-temporomandibular).

Umhlathi ophukile noma ohlukanisiwe uvame ukuphola kahle ngemuva kokwelashwa. Kepha umhlathi ungahle ususwe futhi ngokuzayo.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukuvinjelwa komoya
• Ukopha
• Ukuphefumulela igazi noma ukudla emaphashini
• Kunzima ukudla (okwesikhashana)
• Kunzima ukukhuluma (okwesikhashana)
• Ukutheleleka komhlathi noma ubuso
• Ubuhlungu beJaw joint (TMJ) nezinye izinkinga
• Ukuba ndikindiki kwengxenye yomhlathi noma yobuso
  
• Izinkinga zokuqondanisa amazinyo
• Ukuvuvukala

Isizathu esivame kakhulu somhlathi ophukile noma ohlukanisiwe ukulimala ebusweni. Lokhu kungabangelwa:

• Ukuhlaselwa
• Ingozi yezimboni
• Ingozi yemoto
• Ukuzijabulisa noma ukulimala kwezemidlalo
• Ukuwa nokuwa
• Ngemuva kwenqubo yamazinyo noma yezokwelapha

Izimpawu zomhlathi ophukile zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu obusebusweni noma emhlathini, obuphambi kwendlebe noma ohlangothini oluthintekile, buya bubi kakhulu nokunyakaza
• Ukuqhuma nokuvuvukala kobuso, ukopha emlonyeni
• Kunzima ukuhlafuna
  
• Ukuqina komhlathi, ubunzima bokuvula umlomo kabanzi, noma inkinga yokuvala umlomo
• Umhlathi uhambela kolunye uhlangothi lapho uvula
• Ubumnene bomhlathi noma ubuhlungu, kubi kakhulu ngokuluma noma ukuhlafuna
• Amazinyo alahlekile noma alimele
• Isigaxa noma ukubukeka okungavamile kwesihlathi noma komhlathi
• Ukuba ndikindiki kobuso (ikakhulukazi udebe olungezansi)
• Ubuhlungu bendlebe

Izimpawu zomhlathi osusiwe zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu obusebusweni noma emhlathini, obuphambi kwendlebe noma ohlangothini oluthintekile, buya bubi kakhulu nokunyakaza
• Ukuluma okuzizwa "kucishiwe" noma kusontekile
• Izinkinga ukukhuluma
• Ukungakwazi ukuvala umlomo
• Ukumunca amathe ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuvala umlomo
• Umhlathi okhiyiwe noma umhlathi ophumela phambili
• Amazinyo angahambisani kahle

Umuntu onomhlathi ophukile noma ohlukanisiwe udinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bangaba nezinkinga zokuphefumula noma ukopha. Shayela inombolo yakho yendawo ephuthumayo (njenge-911) noma isibhedlela sendawo ukuthola izeluleko ezengeziwe.

Bamba umhlathi kahle endaweni izandla zakho zisendleleni eya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo. Ungasonga nebhandeshi ngaphansi komhlathi nangaphezulu kwekhanda. Ibhandeshi kufanele kube lula ukulisusa uma kwenzeka udinga ukuhlanza.

Esibhedlela, uma unezinkinga zokuphefumula, ukuphuma kwegazi okunzima, noma ukuvuvukala okukhulu kobuso bakho, ithubhu lingabekwa ezindleleni zakho zomoya ukukusiza uphefumule.

IJRAW ETHINJISIWE

Ukwelashwa komhlathi ophukile kuncike ekutheni ithambo liphuke kabi kangakanani. Uma unokuqhekeka okuncane, ingazilapha yodwa. Ungahle udinge kuphela imithi yezinhlungu. Kuzodingeka udle ukudla okuthambile noma uhlale ekudleni oketshezi isikhashana.

Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukudingeka ekuqhekekeni okulinganiselwe kuya kokubi kakhulu. Umhlathi ungaxhunywa ezintanjeni zomhlathi ophambene ukuze ugcine umhlathi uzinzile ngenkathi uphulukisa. Izintambo zomhlathi zivame ukushiywa endaweni yazo amasonto ayisithupha kuye kwayisishiyagalombili. Amabhande erabha amancane (ama-elastics) asetshenziselwa ukubamba amazinyo ndawonye. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, amanye ama-elastics ayasuswa ukuvumela ukunyakaza nokunciphisa ukuqina kwamalunga.

Uma umhlathi unentambo, ungaphuza kuphela iziphuzo noma udle ukudla okuthambile kakhulu. Yiba nesikele esibuthuntu esitholakala kalula ukusika ama-elastics uma kwenzeka uhlanza noma uklinya. Uma izintambo kufanele zinqunywe, shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha ukuze izintambo zishintshwe.

UJAWU ODALULIWE

Uma umhlathi wakho ususiwe, udokotela angakwazi ukuwubuyisela endaweni efanele esebenzisa izithupha. Imithi ye-numbing (i-anesthetics) kanye ne-relaxant yemisipha kungadingeka ukudambisa imisipha yomhlathi.

Ngemuva kwalokho, umhlathi wakho ungadinga ukusimama. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhilela ukubopha imihlathi ukuze umlomo ungavuleki kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka ukwenza lokhu, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka kuhlukaniswa umhlathi okuphindaphindiwe.

Ngemuva kokukhipha umhlathi wakho, akufanele uvule umlomo wakho kabanzi okungenani amasonto ayisithupha. Sekela umhlathi wakho ngesandla esisodwa noma zombili lapho uzamula noma uthimula.

Ungazami ukulungisa ukuma komhlathi. Udokotela kufanele akwenze lokhu.

Umhlathi ophukile noma ohlukanisiwe udinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Izimpawu zezimo eziphuthumayo zifaka ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukopha kakhulu.

Ngesikhathi somsebenzi, ezemidlalo, nezokungcebeleka, ukusebenzisa izinto zokuphepha, njengesigqoko sokuzivikela lapho udlala ibhola, noma ukusebenzisa onogada bomlomo kungavimbela noma kunciphise ukulimala okuthile ebusweni noma emhlathini.

Umhlathi ohlukanisiwe; Umhlathi ophukile; I-mandible ephukile; Umhlathi ophukile; Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-TMJ; Ukuhlukaniswa okuyisibopho

• Ukuphuka okunguMandibular

UKellman RM. Ukuhlukumezeka kweMaxillofacial. Ku: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, ama-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 23.

UMayersak RJ. Ukuhlukumezeka ebusweni. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 35.