I-asbestosis

I-Asbestosis yisifo samaphaphu esivela ekuphefumuleni imicu ye-asbestos.

Ukuphefumula ezintanjeni ze-asbestos kungadala izicubu ezibomvu (i-fibrosis) ukwakha ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu. Izicubu zamaphaphu ezishubile azikhulisi futhi ziyavumelana ngokujwayelekile.

Ukuthi isifo sinzima kangakanani kuncike ekutheni umuntu wavezwa isikhathi esingakanani kuma-asbestos nenani eliphefumulelwe nohlobo lwemicu aphefumulelwa kuyo. Kaningi, izimpawu azibonwa iminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kokuvezwa kwe-asbestos.

Imicu ye-asbestos yayijwayele ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni ngaphambi kowe-1975. Ukuvezwa kwe-asbestos kwenzeka ezimayini ze-asbesto nasekulungiseni, ekwakheni, ekunqandeni umlilo nakwezinye izimboni. Imindeni yabasebenzi be-asbestos nayo ingavezwa ezinhlayiyini ezilethwe ekhaya ezingutsheni zomsebenzi.

Ezinye izifo ezihlobene ne-asbestos zifaka:

• Amapuleti we-Pleural (ukubalwa)
• I-mesothelioma enobungozi (umdlavuza we-pleura, ulwelwesi lwamaphaphu), olungakhula eminyakeni engama-20 kuye kwengu-40 ngemuva kokuvezwa
• I-Pleural effusion, okuyiqoqo eliqala ukuzungeza iphaphu eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva kokuvezwa kwe-asbestos futhi lilungile
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu

Abasebenzi namuhla mancane amathuba okuthi bathole izifo ezihlobene ne-asbestos ngenxa yemithetho kahulumeni.

Ukubhema ugwayi kwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yizifo ezihlobene ne-asbestos.

Izimpawu zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Khwehlela
• Ukuphefumula ngomsebenzi (kuhamba kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi)
• Ukuqina esifubeni

Ezinye izimpawu ezingaba khona zifaka:

• Ukushayisana kweminwe
• Ukungajwayelekile kwesipikili

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu.

Lapho ulalele isifuba nge-stethoscope, umhlinzeki angazwa imisindo ehlabayo ebizwa ngama-rales.

Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza ukuxilonga lesi sifo:

• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-CT scan yamaphaphu
• Ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yamaphaphu

Alikho ikhambi. Ukumisa ukuvezwa kwe-asbestos kubalulekile. Ukunciphisa izimpawu, ukudonswa kwamanzi kanye nesifuba kungasiza ukususa uketshezi emaphashini.

Udokotela angahle anikeze imishanguzo ye-aerosol uketshezi oluncane lwamaphaphu. Abantu abanalesi simo bangadinga ukuthola i-oksijeni ngesifihla-buso noma ngocezu lweplastiki olungena emakhaleni. Abantu abathile bangadinga ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu.

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kwalesi sifo ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela lamaphaphu. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Lezi zinsizakusebenza zinganikeza imininingwane eminingi nge-asbestosis:

• I-American Lung Association - www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asbestosis
• Inhlangano Yokuqwashisa Ngezifo ze-Asbestos - www.asbestosdiseaseawareness.org
• I-United States Ukuphepha Nokuphathwa Kwezempilo Emsebenzini - www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos

Umphumela uncike kubungako be-asbestos obudalulwe kubo nokuthi uvulelwe isikhathi esingakanani.

Abantu abahlakulela i-mesothelioma emibi bavame ukuba nemiphumela emibi.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma usola ukuthi uvezwe ku-asbestos futhi unezinkinga zokuphefumula. Ukuba ne-asbestosis kwenza kube lula kuwe ukuthi uthuthukise ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuthola imishanguzo yomkhuhlane nenyumoniya.

Uma utholakale une-asbestosis, shayela umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha uma uba nokukhwehlela, ukuphefumula okuncane, umkhuhlane, noma ezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka kwamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ukuthi unemfuluwenza. Njengoba amaphaphu akho esevele onakele, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukwelashwa kuthathwe ngokushesha. Lokhu kuzovimbela izinkinga zokuphefumula ukuthi zingabi nzima, kanye nokunye ukulimala emaphashini akho.

Kubantu abavezwe i-asbestos iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10, ukuhlolwa nge-x-ray yesifuba njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwengu-5 kungathola izifo ezihlobene ne-asbestos kusenesikhathi. Ukuyeka ukubhema ugwayi kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ohlobene ne-asbestos.

I-pulmonary fibrosis - kusuka ekuvezweni kwe-asbestos; I-pneumonitis yangaphakathi - kusuka ekuvezweni kwe-asbestos

• Isifo samaphaphu esiphakathi - abantu abadala - ukukhipha

• Uhlelo lokuphefumula

UCowie RL, u-Becklake MR. I-pneumoconioses. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 73.

UTarlo SM. Isifo samaphaphu emsebenzini. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 87.