Ukunakekelwa ngaphambi kokubeletha ku-trimester yakho yokuqala

I-Trimester isho ukuthi "izinyanga ezi-3." Ukukhulelwa okujwayelekile kuhlala cishe ezinyangeni eziyishumi futhi kunama-trimesters ama-3.

I-trimester yokuqala iqala lapho ingane yakho ikhulelwa. Iyaqhubeka ngesonto le-14 lokukhulelwa kwakho. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angakhuluma ngokukhulelwa kwakho emavikini, hhayi ezinyangeni noma kuma-trimesters.

Kufanele uhlele ukuvakasha kwakho kokuqala ngaphambi kokubeletha ngemuva nje kokuthola ukuthi ukhulelwe. Udokotela wakho noma umbelethisi:

• Dweba igazi lakho
• Yenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-pelvic
• Yenza i-Pap smear namasiko ukubheka ukutheleleka noma izinkinga

Udokotela wakho noma umbelethisi uzolalela ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwengane yakho, kodwa kungenzeka angakwazi ukukuzwa. Imvamisa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngeke kuzwakale noma kubonwe ku-ultrasound kuze kube okungenani amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisikhombisa.

Ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kokuqala, udokotela wakho noma umbelethisi uzokubuza imibuzo mayelana:

• Impilo yakho iyonke
• Noma yiziphi izinkinga zempilo onazo
• Ukukhulelwa okwedlule
• Imithi, amakhambi, noma amavithamini owathathayo
• Ukuthi uvivinya umzimba noma cha
• Noma ngabe uyabhema noma uyaphuza utshwala
• Noma ngabe wena noma umlingani wakho unezinkinga zofuzo noma izinkinga zempilo ezisebenza emndenini wakho

Uzoba nokuvakashelwa okuningi ukukhuluma ngecebo lokuzalwa. Ungaxoxa futhi nodokotela wakho noma umbelethisi ekuvakasheni kwakho kokuqala.

Ukuhambela kokuqala kuzoba yisikhathi esihle sokukhuluma:

• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba nokwenza ushintsho endleleni yokuphila ngenkathi ukhulelwe
• Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa njengokukhathala, isilungulela, nemithambo ye-varicose
• Ungakulawula kanjani ukugula kwasekuseni
• Yini okufanele uyenze ngokuphuma kwegazi esithweni sangasese ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala
• Yini ongayilindela ekuhambeleni ngakunye

Uzonikezwa amavithamini ngaphambi kokubeletha ngensimbi uma ungakawathathi.

E-trimester yakho yokuqala, uzoba nokuvakashelwa kokubeletha njalo ngenyanga. Ukuvakasha kungashesha, kepha kusabalulekile. KULUNGILE ukuletha umlingani wakho noma umqeqeshi wezabasebenzi.

Ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho, udokotela noma umbelethisi wakho uzo:

• Kala wena.
• Hlola umfutho wegazi lakho.
• Hlola imisindo yenhliziyo yesisu.
• Thatha isampula yomchamo ukuhlola ushukela noma amaprotheni emchameni wakho. Uma okunye kwalokhu kutholakala, kungasho ukuthi unesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme obangelwa ukukhulelwa.

Ekupheleni kokuhambela ngakunye, udokotela wakho noma umbelethisi uzokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ongazilindela ngaphambi kokuhambela okulandelayo. Tshela udokotela wakho uma unezinkinga noma ukukhathazeka. KULUNGILE ukukhuluma ngazo noma ngabe awunomuzwa wokuthi zibalulekile noma zihlobene nokukhulelwa kwakho.

Ekuvakasheni kwakho kokuqala, udokotela wakho noma umbelethisi uzodonsa igazi leqembu lezivivinyo ezaziwa njengephaneli yokubeletha. Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa ukuthola izinkinga noma ukutheleleka ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa.

Le phaneli yokuhlolwa ifaka, kepha ayikhawulelwe ku:

• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (CBC)
• Ukuthayipha kwegazi (kufaka phakathi i-Rh screen)
• Isikrini se-Rubella virus antigen (lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi uvikeleke kangakanani ezifweni iRubella)
• Iphaneli ye-hepatitis (lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi unethemba yini ngesifo sokusha kwesibindi A, B, noma C)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Syphilis
• Ukuhlolelwa i-HIV (lokhu kuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi unalo yini igciwane elibanga ingculaza)
• Isikrini se-cystic fibrosis (lokhu kuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi ngabe ungumphathi we-cystic fibrosis)
• Ukuhlaziywa komchamo namasiko

I-ultrasound inqubo elula, engenabuhlungu. Induku esebenzisa amagagasi omsindo izobekwa esiswini sakho. Amagagasi omsindo azovumela udokotela wakho noma umbelethisi ukuthi abone ingane.

Kufanele ube ne-ultrasound eyenziwe ku-trimester yokuqala ukuthola umbono wosuku lwakho olufanele.

Bonke abesifazane banikezwa ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukuze kuhlolwe ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kanye nezinkinga zofuzo, njenge-Down syndrome noma ubuchopho namaphutha ekholomu lomgogodla.

• Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi udinga noma yikuphi kwalokhu kuhlolwa, khuluma ngokuthi yiziphi ezizokulungela.
• Qiniseka ukuthi ubuza ukuthi imiphumela ingasho ukuthini kuwe nasenganeni yakho.
• Umeluleki wezofuzo angakusiza uqonde ubungozi bakho kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa.
• Kunezinketho eziningi manje zokuhlolwa kofuzo. Ezinye zalezi zivivinyo zinengcuphe enganeni yakho, kanti ezinye azinazo.

Abesifazane abangaba sengozini enkulu yalezi zinkinga zofuzo bafaka:

• Abesifazane abake baba nombungu onenkinga yezofuzo ekukhulelweni kwangaphambilini
• Abesifazane, abaneminyaka engama-35 noma ngaphezulu
• Abesifazane abanomlando oqinile womndeni wokukhubazeka okuzalwa njengefa

Esivivinyweni esisodwa, umhlinzeki wakho angasebenzisa i-ultrasound ukukala emuva kwentamo yengane. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-nuchal translucency.

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nakho kuyenziwa.
• Ngokubambisana, lezi zinyathelo ezi-2 zizotshela ukuthi ngabe ingane isengozini yokuba ne-Down syndrome.
• Uma isivivinyo esibizwa ngesikrini esine-quadruple senziwa ku-trimester yesibili, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho kokubili inembe kakhulu kunokwenza noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kukodwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa okuhlanganisiwe.

Olunye uvivinyo, olubizwa nge-chorionic villus sampling (CVS), lungathola i-Down syndrome nezinye izifo zofuzo emasontweni ayishumi ekukhulelweni.

Ukuhlolwa okusha, okubizwa nge-cell free DNA testing, kubheka izingcezu ezincane zofuzo lwengane yakho kusampula yegazi elivela kunina. Lokhu kuhlolwa okusha, kepha kunikeza isithembiso esiningi ngokunemba ngaphandle kwezingozi zokuphuphuma kwesisu.

Kukhona okunye ukuhlolwa okungenziwa ku-trimester yesibili.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Unenani elikhulu lokucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza.
• Unegazi noma uqhuqha.
• Ukhuphukile ukukhipha noma ukukhipha ngephunga.
• Unomkhuhlane, ukubanda, noma ubuhlungu lapho udlulisa umchamo.
• Unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngempilo yakho noma ngokukhulelwa kwakho.

Ukunakekelwa kokukhulelwa - i-trimester yokuqala

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IHobel CJ, ukunakekelwa kukaWilliam J. Antepartum. Ku: Hacker N, Gambone JC, Hobel CJ, eds. I-Hacker & Moore's Essentials ye-Obstetrics ne-Gynecology. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 7.

UMagowan BA, Owen P, Thomson A. Ukunakekelwa kokubeletha nangemva kokubeletha. Ku: Magowan BA, Owen P, Thomson A, eds. I-Clinical Obstetrics ne-Gynecology. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 22.

UWilliams DE, uPridjian G. Obstetrics. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Incwadi Yezokwelapha Yomndeni. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 20.

• Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphambi Kokubeletha