I-myeloma eminingi

I-myeloma eminingi ngumdlavuza wegazi oqala kumaseli e-plasma emnkantsheni wethambo. Umnkantsha wamathambo yizicubu ezithambile, ezinesiponji ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwamathambo amaningi. Kuyasiza ukwenza amaseli egazi.

Amaseli e-Plasma asiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka ngokukhiqiza amaprotheni abizwa ngama-antibodies. Ngama-myeloma amaningi, amangqamuzana e-plasma akhula ngaphandle kokulawulwa emnkantsheni wethambo futhi akha izicubu ezindaweni zamathambo aqinile. Ukukhula kwalezi zicubu zamathambo kuyawenza buthaka amathambo aqinile. Kwenza futhi ukuthi kube nzima ngomnkantsha wokwenza amangqamuzana egazi anempilo nama-platelet.

Imbangela ye-myeloma eminingi ayaziwa. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini ngemithi yokwelapha ngemisebe kwandisa ingozi yalolu hlobo lomdlavuza. I-myeloma eminingi ithinta kakhulu abantu abadala asebekhulile.

Izimbangela eziningi ze-myeloma:

• Isibalo samangqamuzana egazi abomvu aphansi (i-anemia), okungaholela ekukhathaleni nasekuphefumuleni
• Ukubalwa kwamaseli egazi amhlophe okuphansi, okwenza ube sethubeni lokuthola izifo
• Ukubalwa kweplatelet okuphansi, okungaholela ekopha okungavamile

Njengoba amangqamuzana omdlavuza ekhula emnkantsheni wethambo, ungaba nobuhlungu bethambo, imvamisa ezimbanjeni noma emhlane.

Amaseli womdlavuza angenza buthaka amathambo. Ngenxa yalokho:

• Ungahlakulela amathambo aphukile (amathambo aqhekekile) ngokwenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile.
• Uma umdlavuza ukhula emathanjeni omgogodla, ungacindezela emithanjeni. Lokhu kungaholela ekubeni ndikindiki noma kobuthakathaka bezingalo noma imilenze.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu zakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungasiza ukuxilonga lesi sifo. Lezi zivivinyo zifaka:

• Izinga le-albhamu
• Izinga le-calcium
• Ingqikithi yamaprotheni
• Umsebenzi wezinso
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Ukuzikhukhumeza
• I-nephelometry yokulinganisa
• I-Serum protein electrophoresis

I-Bone x-rays, i-CT scan, noma i-MRI ingakhombisa ukuphuka noma ukukhipha izindawo zethambo. Uma umhlinzeki wakho esola lolu hlobo lomdlavuza, kuzokwenziwa i-biopsy marrow biopsy.

Ukuhlolwa kwesisindo samathambo kungakhombisa ukulahleka kwethambo.

Uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi une-myeloma eminingi, kuzokwenziwa ezinye izivivinyo ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza usabalale kangakanani. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isiteji. Isiteji sisiza ukuqondisa ukwelashwa nokulandelela.

Abantu abanesifo esingesihle noma okungatholakali ukuthi kutholakala ukuthi batholakele bavame ukubhekwa eduze. Abanye abantu banefomu le-myeloma eminingi ekhula kancane (i-smelering myeloma), ethatha iminyaka ukudala izimpawu.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-myeloma eminingi. Zivame ukunikezwa ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinjengokuphuka kwamathambo nokulimala kwezinso.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungasetshenziswa ukudambisa izinhlungu zethambo noma ukunciphisa isimila esidudula umgogodla.

Kunganconywa ukufakelwa umnkantsha:

• I-autologous bone marrow noma i-stem cell transplantation yenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-stem cell womuntu uqobo.
• Ukufakelwa kabusha kwe-allogeneic kusebenzisa ama-stem cells womunye umuntu. Lokhu kwelashwa kunezingozi ezinkulu, kepha kunganikeza ithuba lokwelashwa.

Wena nomhlinzeki wakho ningadinga ukuphatha ezinye izinto ezikhathazayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuba ne-chemotherapy ekhaya
• Ukuphatha izilwane ezifuywayo
• Izinkinga zokopha
• Umlomo owomile
• Ukudla amakhalori anele
• Ukudla okuphephile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

I-Outlook incike eminyakeni yomuntu kanye nesigaba sesifo. Kwezinye izimo, lesi sifo siqhubeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Kwezinye izimo, kuthatha iminyaka ukuvela kwezimpawu.

Ngokuvamile, i-myeloma eminingi iyelapheka, kodwa kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile lapho ingelapheka khona.

Ukwehluleka kwezinso kuyinkinga eyenzeka njalo. Ezinye zingafaka:

• Ukuqhekeka kwamathambo
• Izinga eliphakeme le-calcium egazini, elingaba yingozi kakhulu
• Ukwanda kwamathuba okutheleleka, ikakhulukazi emaphashini
• Ukushoda kwegazi

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma une-myeloma eminingi futhi uba nesifo, noma ukuba ndikindiki, ukulahleka kokuhamba, noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa.

I-Plasma cell dyscrasia; Iplasma cell myeloma; I-plasmacytoma enobungozi; I-Plasmacytoma yethambo; I-Myeloma - okuningi

• Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo - ukukhipha

• I-Cryoglobulinemia yeminwe
• Izakhiwo zesistimu yomzimba
• Amasosha omzimba

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. I-PDQ plasma cell neoplasms (kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa kwe-myeloma amaningi). www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma/hp/myeloma-treatment-pdq. Kubuyekezwe ngoJulayi 19, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 13, 2020.

Iwebhusayithi ye-National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Imikhombandlela ye-NCCN yokwenza imitholampilo ku-oncology: multiple myeloma. Inguqulo 2.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/myeloma.pdf. Kubuyekezwe u-Okthoba 9, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 13, 2020.

URajkumar SV, iDispenzieri A. I-myeloma eminingi kanye nokuphazamiseka okuhlobene. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, abahleli. I-Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 101.