Unhlangothi

Isifo sohlangothi senzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya engxenyeni yobuchopho kuyeka. I-stroke kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlaselwa yingqondo."

Uma ukugeleza kwegazi kunqanyulwa isikhathi eside kunemizuzwana embalwa, ubuchopho abukwazi ukuthola izakhamzimba nomoya-mpilo. Amaseli obuchopho angafa, abangele ukulimala okungapheli.

Ukushaywa unhlangothi kungenzeka futhi uma kuqhuma umthambo wegazi ngaphakathi ebuchosheni, okuholela ekopheni ngaphakathi ekhanda.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zokushaywa unhlangothi:

• Ischemic stroke
• Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu

Ukushaywa yischemic kwenzeka lapho umthambo wegazi onikeza igazi ebuchosheni uvinjelwe yihlule legazi.Lokhu kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili:

• Ihlule lingakheka emthanjeni osevele umncane kakhulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yisifo sohlangothi esibuhlungu.
• Ihlule lingaqhamuka kwenye indawo emithanjeni yegazi yobuchopho, noma kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba, linyukele ebuchosheni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-cerebral embolism, noma isifo sohlangothi.

Ukushaywa yischemic nakho kungabangelwa yinto enamathelayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-plaque engavala imithambo yegazi.

Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu senzeka lapho umthambo wegazi engxenyeni ethile yobuchopho uba buthakathaka uqhume. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi igazi lingene ebuchosheni. Abanye abantu banokukhubazeka emithanjeni yegazi yobuchopho okwenza lokhu kube lula kakhulu. La maphutha angafaka:

• I-Aneurysm (indawo ebuthakathaka odongeni lwesitsha segazi ebangela ukuthi umthambo wegazi uqhume noma ibhaluni liphume)
• I-arteriovenous malformation (AVM; ukuxhumana okungavamile phakathi kwemithambo nemithambo)
• I-Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA; isimo lapho amaprotheni abizwa ngama-amyloid akha khona ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni)

Imivimbo ye-hemorrhagic nayo ingenzeka lapho othile ethatha izinciphisi zegazi, njenge-warfarin (Coumadin). Umfutho wegazi ophakeme kakhulu ungadala ukuthi kuqhume imithambo yegazi, okuholele ekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi.

Ukushaywa yischemic kungakhuphula ukuphuma kwegazi futhi kube isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu.

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu yiyona nto ebangela ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi. Ezinye izinto eziyingozi kakhulu yilezi:

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, okubizwa ngokuthi i-atrial fibrillation
• Isifo sikashukela
• Umlando womndeni wesifo sohlangothi
• Ukuba owesilisa
• I-cholesterol ephezulu
• Ukukhula kweminyaka, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-55
• Ubuhlanga (abantu base-Afrika baseMelika maningi amathuba okuthi babulawe isifo sohlangothi)
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• Umlando wokushaywa unhlangothi noma ukuhlaselwa yischemic okwedlule (kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya engxenyeni yobuchopho kuyeka isikhashana)

Ingcuphe yesifo sohlangothi nayo iphezulu ku:

• Abantu abanesifo senhliziyo noma ukugeleza kwegazi okungahambi kahle emilenzeni yabo kubangelwa imithambo emincane
• Abantu abanemikhuba engemihle yokuphila njengokubhema, ukusebenzisa ngokweqile utshwala, ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuzithokozisa, ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, kanye nokuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Abesifazane abathatha amaphilisi okuvikela ukubeletha (ikakhulukazi labo ababhemayo nabadala kunama-35)
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe banengozi eyengeziwe ngenkathi bekhulelwe
• Abesifazane abathatha i-hormone replacement therapy
• I-Patent foramen ovale (PFO), umgodi phakathi kwe-atria yangakwesokunxele nangakwesokudla (amakamelo aphezulu) enhliziyo

Izimpawu zokushaywa unhlangothi zincike ekutheni iyiphi ingxenye yobuchopho eyonakele. Kwezinye izimo, umuntu kungenzeka angazi ukuthi isifo sohlangothi senzekile.

Isikhathi esiningi, izimpawu zikhula ngokuzuma nangaphandle kwesixwayiso. Kepha izimpawu zingahle zivele noma zicime usuku lokuqala noma ezimbili. Izimpawu zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu lapho kuqala ukwenzeka kohlangothi, kepha zingakhula kancane kancane.

Ikhanda lingenzeka uma unhlangothi lubangelwa ukopha ebuchosheni. Ikhanda:

• Iqala ngokuzumayo futhi ingaba nzima
• Kungaba kubi kakhulu lapho ulele phansi
• Ekuvusa ebuthongweni
• Kuba kubi kakhulu lapho ushintsha indawo noma lapho ugoba, udonsa kanzima noma ukhwehlela

Ezinye izimpawu zincike ekutheni unhlangothi unzima kangakanani, futhi iyiphi ingxenye yobuchopho ethintekayo. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Shintsha ekuxwayeni (kufaka phakathi ukulala, ukungazi lutho, ne-coma)
• Izinguquko ekuzweni noma kokunambitha
• Izinguquko ezithinta ukuthinta nokukwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu, ingcindezi, noma amazinga okushisa ahlukile
• Ukudideka noma ukulahleka kwememori
• Izinkinga ukugwinya
• Izinkinga zokubhala noma ukufunda
• Isiyezi noma umuzwa ongavamile wokunyakaza (i-vertigo)
• Izinkinga zokubona, njengokunciphisa ukubona, ukubona kabili, noma ukulahleka ngokuphelele kombono
• Ukuntuleka kokulawula isinye noma amathumbu
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi noma ukuxhumanisa, noma ukuhamba kanzima
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha ebusweni, engalweni, noma emlenzeni (imvamisa ngasohlangothini olulodwa)
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuncinza kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba
• Ubuntu, imizwa, noma izinguquko ezingokomzwelo
• Inkinga yokukhuluma noma ukuqonda abanye abakhulumayo

Udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuze:

• Hlola izinkinga ngombono, ukunyakaza, ukuzwa, ukucabanga, ukuqonda nokukhuluma. Udokotela wakho nabahlengikazi bazosiphinda lesi sivivinyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze babone ukuthi isifo sohlangothi siyanda yini noma siyathuthuka.
• Lalela imithambo ye-carotid entanyeni nge-stethoscope ngomsindo ongajwayelekile, obizwa nge-bruit, odalwa ukugeleza kwegazi okungavamile.
• Bheka umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Ungaba nokuhlolwa okulandelayo ukusiza ukuthola uhlobo, indawo, kanye nembangela yesifo sohlangothi futhi ukhiphe ezinye izinkinga:

• I-CT scan yobuchopho ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini ukopha
• I-MRI yobuchopho ukuthola indawo yesifo sohlangothi
• I-angiogram yekhanda ukubheka umthambo wegazi ovinjiwe noma opha
• I-Carotid duplex (ultrasound) ukubona ukuthi imithambo ye-carotid entanyeni yakho inciphile yini
• I-Echocardiogram ukubona ukuthi isifo sohlangothi kungenzeka yini ukuthi sidalwe yihlule legazi elisuka enhliziyweni
• I-Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) noma i-CT angiography ukuhlola imithambo yegazi engajwayelekile ebuchosheni

Ezinye izivivinyo zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• I-Electroencephalogram (i-EEG) ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini ukuquleka
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG) nokuqapha isigqi senhliziyo

I-stroke yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kuyadingeka. Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo ngokushesha noma funa ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha lapho kuqala izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi.

Abantu abanezimpawu zokushaywa unhlangothi kudingeka bafike esibhedlela ngokushesha okukhulu.

• Uma isifo sohlangothi sibangelwa ihlule legazi, kunganikezwa umuthi wokuqeda amahlwili ukuqeda iqhwa.
• Ukuze usebenze kahle, lokhu kwelashwa kufanele kuqalwe kungakapheli amahora amathathu kuya kwayi-4/2 lapho izimpawu zaqala khona. Uma le ndlela yokwelashwa isheshe iqalwe, aba maningi amathuba okuba nomphumela omuhle.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezinikezwa esibhedlela zixhomeke embangela yesifo sohlangothi. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Abanciphisa igazi njenge-heparin, i-warfarin (i-Coumadin), i-aspirin, noma i-clopidogrel (i-Plavix)
• Imithi yokulawula izinto eziyingozi, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu
• Izinqubo ezikhethekile noma ukuhlinzwa ukukhulula izimpawu noma ukuvimbela imivimbo eminingi
• Izakhamzimba neziphuzo

Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa emsebenzini, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma, kanye nokwelashwa kokugwinya konke kuzoqala esibhedlela. Uma umuntu enezinkinga ezinzima zokugwinya, ithubhu yokudla esiswini (ityhubhu ye-gastrostomy) kungenzeka idingeke.

Inhloso yokwelashwa ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi ukukusiza ukuthi ubuyise umsebenzi omningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi uvikele ukushaywa okuzayo.

Ukululama ekushayweni unhlangothi kuzoqala ngenkathi usesibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokuhlunyeleliswa. Kuzoqhubeka uma uya ekhaya usuka esibhedlela noma esikhungweni. Qinisekisa ukuthi ulandelela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngemuva kokuya ekhaya.

Ukusekelwa nezinsizakusebenza kuyatholakala kwi-American Stroke Association - www.stroke.org/en/help-and-support.

Ukuthi umuntu wenza kahle kangakanani ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi kuncike ku:

• Uhlobo lwesifo sohlangothi
• Zingakanani izicubu zobuchopho ezilimele
• Yimiphi imisebenzi yomzimba ethintekile
• Ukwelashwa kusheshe kangakanani

Izinkinga zokuhamba, ukucabanga nokukhuluma kuvame ukuba ngcono emasontweni kuya ezinyangeni ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi.

Abantu abaningi abanesifo sohlangothi bazoqhubeka nokuthuthuka ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi.

Abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yabantu abanesifo sohlangothi bayakwazi ukusebenza futhi bahlala ekhaya. Abanye abakwazi ukuzinakekela.

Uma ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa eziqinisa amahlwili kuphumelele, izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zingaphela. Kodwa-ke, abantu abavami ukufika esibhedlela ngokushesha okwanele ukuthola le mithi, noma abakwazi ukuyithatha le mithi ngenxa yesimo sempilo.

Abantu abanesifo sohlangothi esivela egazini (i-ischemic stroke) banethuba elingcono lokusinda kunalabo abanesifo sohlangothi sokuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni (isifo esibuhlungu).

Ingozi yesifo sohlangothi sesibili iphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwamasonto noma izinyanga ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi kokuqala. Ubungozi buqala ukwehla ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi.

I-Stroke yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Isichasiso esithi F.A..S.T. kuyindlela elula yokukhumbula izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ucabanga ukuthi isifo sohlangothi senzekile. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kunazo zonke ongasithatha ukushayela u-911 noma inombolo yendawo ephuthumayo khona manjalo ukuze uthole usizo oluphuthumayo.

S'fiso Ncwane imele:

• UBUSO. Cela lowo muntu amamatheke. Bheka ukuthi uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso luconsa yini.
• AMA-ARMS. Cela umuntu aphakamise izingalo zombili. Bheka ukuthi ingalo eyodwa ikhukhuleka iye phansi.
• INKULUMO. Cela lowo muntu ukuba aphinde umusho olula. Bheka ukuthi amagama axegisiwe yini nokuthi umusho uphindwe kahle yini.
• ISIKHATHI. Uma umuntu ekhombisa noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, isikhathi sibalulekile. Kubalulekile ukufika esibhedlela ngokushesha okukhulu. Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo. Umthetho F.A.S.T.

Ukunciphisa izinto eziyingozi ekushayweni unhlangothi kunciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo sohlangothi.

Isifo se-cerebrovascular; CVA; Ukungqubuzana nobuchopho; Ukopha ebuchosheni; Unhlangothi Ischemic; Unhlangothi - ischemic; Ingozi ye-cerebrovascular; Unhlangothi - hemorrhagic; Umthambo weCarotid - unhlangothi

• Ukubekwa kwe-Angioplasty kanye ne-stent - umthambo we-carotid - ukukhishwa
• Ukusebenza lapho unesifo senhliziyo
• Ukulungiswa kwe-aneurysm yobuchopho - ukukhipha
• Ibhotela, imajarini namafutha okupheka
• Ukunakekela ukuqina kwemisipha noma ama-spasms
• Ukuhlinzwa komthambo weCarotid - ukukhipha
• Ukuxhumana nomuntu one-aphasia
• Ukuxhumana nomuntu one-dysarthria
• Ukuqunjelwa - ukuzinakekela
• Ukuwohloka komqondo nokushayela
• Ukuwohloka komqondo - izinkinga zokuziphatha nezokulala
• Ukuwohloka komqondo - ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke
• Ukuwohloka komqondo - ukugcina uphephile ekhaya
• Ukuwohloka komqondo - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• Ukudla ama-calories amaningi lapho ugula - abantu abadala
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda - ukuthi yini okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho
• Ukuvimbela ukuwa
• Ukushaywa unhlangothi - ukukhishwa
• Izinkinga zokugwinya

• Ubuchopho
• I-Carotid stenosis - i-X-ray yomthambo wesobunxele
• I-Carotid stenosis - i-X-ray yomthambo ofanele
• Unhlangothi
• Umsebenzi weBrainstem
• I-Cerebellum - umsebenzi
• Umbuthano kaWillis
• I-hemisphere yangakwesobunxele - umsebenzi
• I-hemisphere yangakwesokudla ye-cerebral - umsebenzi
• I-Endarterectomy
• I-plaque buildup emithanjeni
• Unhlangothi - uchungechunge
• Ukuhlukaniswa kweCarotid

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