I-hematoma engapheli engaphansi

I-hematoma engapheli yangaphansi kwesizinda iqoqo "elidala" lemikhiqizo yokonakala kwegazi kanye negazi phakathi kobuso bobuchopho nesembozo sayo sangaphandle (i-dura). Isigaba esingelapheki se-hematoma engaphansi komhlaba siqala emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kokopha kokuqala.

I-submatural hematoma iyakhula lapho ukuvala imithambo kudabula futhi kuvuze igazi. Le yimithambo emincane ehamba phakathi kwesikhathi nobuso bobuchopho. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuba umphumela wokulimala ekhanda.

Iqoqo legazi libe selakha phezu kobuso bobuchopho. Eqoqweni elingamahlalakhona elingaphansi, igazi liyavuza emithanjeni kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma ukuphuma kwegazi okusheshayo kushiywa kukodwa.

I-submatural hematoma ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala asebekhulile ngenxa yokuncipha kobuchopho okujwayelekile okwenzeka ngokuguga. Lokhu kuncipha kunwebeka futhi kunciphise imithambo yokuvaleka. Le mithambo kungenzeka ukuthi yephule kubantu abadala, noma ngabe ngemuva kokulimala ekhanda okuncane. Wena noma umndeni wakho kungenzeka ningakhumbuli noma yikuphi ukulimala okungakucacisa.

Izingozi zifaka:

• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala obunzima besikhathi eside
• Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-aspirin, izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala ezifana ne-ibuprofen, noma umuthi we-blood thinning (anticoagulant) njenge-warfarin
• Izifo eziholela ekwehliseni ukujiya kwegazi
• Ukulimala ekhanda
• Ukuguga

Kwezinye izimo, kungahle kungabikho zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, kuya ngosayizi we-hematoma nalapho icindezela khona ebuchosheni, noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zingavela:

• Ukudideka noma ikhoma
• Inkumbulo enciphile
• Inkinga yokukhuluma noma ukugwinya
• Unenkinga yokuhamba
• Ukozela
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukuquleka
• Ukuba buthakathaka noma ukuba ndikindiki kwezingalo, imilenze, ubuso

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ukuhlolwa komzimba kuzobandakanya ukubhekwa ngokucophelela kobuchopho bakho kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa ngezinkinga nge:

• Ibhalansi
• Ukudidiyela
• Imisebenzi yengqondo
• Ukuzwa
• Amandla
• Ukuhamba

Uma kukhona ukusola kwe-hematoma, ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njenge-CT noma i-MRI, kuzokwenziwa ukuskena.

Umgomo wokwelashwa ukulawula izimpawu nokunciphisa noma ukuvimbela ukulimala unomphela ebuchosheni. Imithi ingasetshenziselwa ukulawula noma ukuvimbela ukuquleka.

Ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka. Lokhu kungafaka ukubhola izimbobo ezincane kugebhezi ukukhulula ingcindezi nokuvumela igazi noketshezi ukuthi kukhishwe. Ama-hematomas amakhulu noma amahlule aqinile egazi angadinga ukususwa ngokuvula okukhulu kugebhezi (i-craniotomy).

Ama-hematomas angabangeli izimpawu kungenzeka angadingi ukwelashwa. Ama-hematomas angapheli asemadolobheni abuya njalo ngemuva kokukhishwa. Ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kungcono ukubashiya bodwa ngaphandle uma bebangela izimpawu.

Ama-hematomas angapheli asemuva abangela izimpawu imvamisa awazelaphi ngokwawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imvamisa zidinga ukuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi uma kunezinkinga ze-neurologic, ukuxhuzula, noma ikhanda elingapheli.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukulimala kwengqondo okungapheli
• Izimpawu eziqhubekayo, njengokukhathazeka, ukudideka, ubunzima bokunaka, isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu nokulahleka kwememori
• Ukuquleka

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho khona manjalo uma wena noma ilunga lomndeni linezimpawu zesifo esingelapheki se-hematoma. Isibonelo, uma ubona izimpawu zokudideka, ubuthakathaka, noma ukuphazamiseka amasonto noma izinyanga ngemuva kokulimala kwekhanda kumuntu omdala osekhulile, xhumana nomhlinzeki ngokushesha.

Thatha lowo muntu uye naye egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo noma ushayele ku-911 noma inombolo yendawo ephuthumayo yendawo uma lowo muntu:

• Unokudlikizela (ukuqubuka)
• Akuxwayisi (ulahlekelwa ukwazi)

Gwema ukulimala ekhanda ngokusebenzisa amabhande esihlalo, amabhayisikili kanye nezigqoko zokuhamba ngezithuthuthu, nezigqoko ezinzima lapho kufanele khona.

Ukopha okungaphansi - okungapheli; I-hematoma engaphansi - engapheli; I-hygroma engaphansi

Chari A, Kolias AG, Borg N, Hutchinson PJ, Santarius T. Ukuphathwa kwezokwelapha nokuhlinzwa kwama-hematomas angapheli angaphansi. Ku: Winn HR, ed. Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Youmans ne-Winn Neurological. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 34.

Ukuhlukumezeka kukaStippler M. Craniocerebral. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 62.