Ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini

Ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini yisikhathi empilweni yomuntu wesifazane lapho isikhathi sakhe (ukuya esikhathini) kuyeka. Imvamisa, kuba ukushintsha komzimba okujwayelekile, okuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka yobudala engama-45 kuye kwengama-55. Ngemuva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, owesifazane ngeke esakwazi ukukhulelwa.

Ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, amaqanda esifazane ayayeka ukukhipha amaqanda. Umzimba ukhiqiza ama-hormone amancane esifazane i-estrogen ne-progesterone. Amazinga aphansi ala mahomoni abangela izimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini.

Izikhathi zenzeka kaningi futhi ekugcineni ziyayeka. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kwenzeka ngokuzumayo. Kepha isikhathi esiningi, izinkathi ziyeka kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kuphelile lapho ungazange ube nesikhathi sonyaka owodwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-postmenopause. Ukunqamuka kokuhlinzwa kwenzeka lapho ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kubangela ukwehla kwe-estrogen. Lokhu kungenzeka uma womabili amaqanda akho esuswa.

Ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kwesinye isikhathi kungadalwa yimithi esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma i-hormone therapy (HT) yomdlavuza webele.

Izimpawu ziyehluka kowesifazane nowesifazane. Zingahlala iminyaka engu-5 noma ngaphezulu. Izimpawu zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu kwabanye besifazane kunabanye. Izimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini zingaba nzima kakhulu futhi ziqale ngokungazelelwe.

Into yokuqala ongayiqaphela ukuthi izikhathi ziqala ukushintsha. Kungenzeka kwenzeke kaningi noma kaningi kaningi. Abanye besifazane bangathola isikhathi sabo njalo emavikini amathathu ngaphambi kokuqala ukweqa izikhathi Ungaba nezikhathi ezingajwayelekile unyaka owodwa kuya kwemithathu ngaphambi kokuba ziyeke ngokuphelele.

Izimpawu ezivamile zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini zihlanganisa:

• Isikhathi sokuya esikhathini esenzeka kaningi futhi ekugcineni siyeke
• Inhliziyo ishaya ngamandla noma igijima
• Ukushisa okushisayo, imvamisa okubi kakhulu phakathi nonyaka wokuqala kuya kwemibili
• Ukujuluka ebusuku
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
• Izinkinga zokulala (ukuqwasha)

Ezinye izimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini zingabandakanya:

• Ukwehla kwesithakazelo kwezocansi noma izinguquko ekuphenduleni ngokocansi
• Ukukhohlwa (kwabanye besifazane)
• Ukuphathwa ikhanda
• Ukushintsha kwemizwelo, kufaka phakathi ukucasuka, ukudana, nokukhathazeka
• Ukuvuza komchamo
• Ukoma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nokuya ocansini okubuhlungu
• Ukutheleleka kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane
• Izinhlungu ezihlangene nezinhlungu
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (ukushaya kwenhliziyo)

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo kungasetshenziselwa ukubheka ushintsho emazingeni ama-hormone. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingasiza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi anqume ukuthi useduzane yini nokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini noma uma usudlulile esikhathini sokuya esikhathini. Umhlinzeki wakho angadinga ukuphinda ahlole amazinga akho ama-hormone izikhathi eziningana ukuqinisekisa isimo sakho sokuya esikhathini uma ungazange uyeke ngokuphelele ukuya esikhathini.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• I-Estradiol
• I-hormone evuselela i-follicle (FSH)
• I-hormone yeLuteinizing (LH)

Umhlinzeki wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic. Ukwehla kwe-estrogen kungadala ushintsho kulwelwesi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.

Ukulahleka kwamathambo kuyanda eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala ngemuva kwesikhathi sakho sokugcina. Umhlinzeki wakho anga-oda ukuhlolwa kwesisindo samathambo ukubheka ukulahleka kwethambo okuhlobene ne-osteoporosis. Lokhu kuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo kunconyelwe bonke abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. Lokhu kuhlolwa kunganconywa ngokushesha uma usengozini enkulu yokwelashwa kwamathambo ngenxa yomlando womndeni wakho noma imithi oyiphuzayo.

Ukwelashwa kungafaka ushintsho lwendlela yokuphila noma i-HT. Ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningi ezinjenge:

• Zimbi kangakanani izimpawu zakho
• Impilo yakho iyonke
• Okuncamelayo

UKWELASHWA KWEHORMONE

I-HT ingasiza uma unokukhanya okukhulu okushisayo, ukujuluka ebusuku, izinkinga zemizwa, noma ukoma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane. I-HT yelashwa nge-estrogen futhi, kwesinye isikhathi, yiprogesterone.

Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngezinzuzo nezingozi ze-HT. Umhlinzeki wakho kufanele awazi wonke umlando wakho wezokwelapha nowomndeni ngaphambi kokunquma i-HT.

Izifundo eziningi ezinkulu ziye zabuza izinzuzo nezingozi zezempilo ze-HT, kufaka phakathi ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza webele, isifo senhliziyo, unhlangothi, kanye namahlule egazi. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa i-HT iminyaka eyi-10 ngemuva kokukhula kokuya esikhathini kuhlobene nethuba elincane lokufa.

Imihlahlandlela yamanje isekela ukusetshenziswa kwe-HT ekwelapheni ukukhanya okushisayo. Izincomo ezithile:

• I-HT ingaqalwa kwabesifazane abasanda kungena esikhathini.
• I-HT akufanele isetshenziswe kwabesifazane abaqala ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini eminyakeni eminingi edlule, ngaphandle kwemithi yokwelashwa yesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
• Umuthi akufanele usetshenziswe isikhathi eside kunesidingo. Abanye besifazane bangadinga ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-estrogen ngenxa yokushiswa okunzima okushisayo. Lokhu kuphephile kwabesifazane abaphilile.
• Abesifazane abathatha i-HT kufanele babe nengozi ephansi yokushaywa unhlangothi, isifo senhliziyo, amahlule egazi, noma umdlavuza webele.

Ukunciphisa izingozi zokwelashwa kwe-estrogen, umhlinzeki wakho angancoma:

• Umthamo ophansi we-estrogen noma ukulungiswa okuhlukile kwe-estrogen (ngokwesibonelo, ukhilimu wesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma isichibi sesikhumba kunepilisi).
• Ukusebenzisa ama-patches kubonakala kuphephe kune-estrogen yomlomo, ngoba kugwema ubungozi obandayo bamahlule egazi abonwa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-estrogen yomlomo.
• Ukuhlolwa njalo komzimba nokujwayelekile, kufaka phakathi izivivinyo zamabele namammograms

Abesifazane abasenesibeletho (okungukuthi, abakaze bahlinzwe ukusikhipha nganoma yisiphi isizathu) kufanele bathathe i-estrogen ihlanganiswe ne-progesterone ukuvimbela umdlavuza wolwelwesi lwesibeletho (umdlavuza we-endometrium).

EZINYE IZINTO EKWELASHWENI KWEHORONE

Kuneminye imithi engasiza ngokuguquguquka kwemizwelo, ukushisa okushisayo, nezinye izimpawu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ama-anti-depressants, kufaka phakathi i-paroxetine (Paxil), venlafaxine (Effexor), bupropion (Wellbutrin), ne-fluoxetine (Prozac)
• Umuthi womfutho wegazi obizwa nge-clonidine
• IGabapentin, umuthi wokubanjwa nawo osiza ukunciphisa ukushisa okushisayo

UKUDLA NOKUPHILA KWEZINDLELA

Izindlela zokuphila ongazithatha ukunciphisa izimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini zihlanganisa:

Izinguquko zokudla:

• Gwema i-caffeine, utshwala, nokudla okubabayo.
• Yidla ukudla kwesoya. I-Soy iqukethe i-estrogen.
• Thola inqwaba ye-calcium novithamini D ekudleni noma kwizithasiselo.

Amasu wokuzivocavoca nokuphumula:

• Zivocavoce kakhulu.
• Yenza izivivinyo zikaKegel nsuku zonke. Ziqinisa imisipha yesitho sakho sangasese nesitho sakho sangasese.
• Zijwayeze ukuphefumula ngokunensa, nokujula noma kunini lapho kuqala khona i-flash hot. Zama ukuphefumula okungu-6 ngomzuzu.
• Zama i-yoga, i-tai chi, noma ukuzindla.

Amanye amathiphu:

• Gqoka kancane futhi ungqimba.
• Qhubeka nokwenza ucansi.
• Sebenzisa izinto zokugcoba ezisebenzisa amanzi noma i-moisturizer yangasese ngesikhathi socansi.
• Bheka uchwepheshe wokuthwebula.

Abanye besifazane banegazi elivela esithweni sangasese ngemuva kokuya esikhathini. Lokhu kaningi akuyona into okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele utshele umhlinzeki wakho uma lokhu kwenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ngemuva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwezinkinga ezifana nomdlavuza. Umhlinzeki wakho uzokwenza i-biopsy yesikhumba se-uterine noma i-ultrasound yangasese.

Ukuncipha kwezinga le-estrogen kuxhunyaniswe nemiphumela yesikhathi eside, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukulahleka kwamathambo kanye ne-osteoporosis kwabanye besifazane
• Izinguquko emazingeni e-cholesterol nasengozini enkulu yesifo senhliziyo

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Ubona igazi phakathi kwezikhathi
• Ube nezinyanga eziyi-12 zilandelana ngaphandle kwesikhathi futhi ukopha kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma ukubonwa kuyaqala futhi ngokuzumayo (ngisho nokuphuma okuncane)

Ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini kuyingxenye yemvelo yokukhula kowesifazane. Akudingi ukuvinjelwa. Unganciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga zesikhathi eside ezifana ne-osteoporosis nesifo senhliziyo ngokuthatha lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Lawula umfutho wegazi, i-cholesterol, nezinye izinto eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo.
• UNGABHALI. Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kungadala ukuya esikhathini kokuqala.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuyasiza ekuqiniseni amathambo akho futhi kuthuthukise ibhalansi yakho.
• Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngemithi engasiza ekuyekiseni ukuqhubeka kwamathambo uma ukhombisa izimpawu zokuqala zokulahleka kwethambo noma unomlando oqinile womndeni we-osteoporosis.
• Thatha i-calcium nevithamini D.

Isikhathi sokuqeda isikhathi; Ukuyeka ukuya esikhathini

• Ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini
• I-Mammogram
• I-atrophy yesitho sangasese sowesifazane

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