I-Agoraphobia

I-Agoraphobia ukwesaba okukhulu nokukhathazeka kokuba sezindaweni lapho kunzima ukubalekela khona, noma lapho usizo lungatholakali khona. I-Agoraphobia imvamisa ifaka ukwesaba izixuku, amabhuloho, noma ukuba ngaphandle wedwa.

I-Agoraphobia uhlobo lwesifo sokukhathazeka. Imbangela ngqo ye-agoraphobia ayaziwa. I-Agoraphobia kwesinye isikhathi yenzeka lapho umuntu ehlaselwe ukwethuka futhi eqala ukwesaba izimo ezingaholela kolunye ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka.

Nge-agoraphobia, uvikela izindawo noma izimo ngoba uzizwa ungaphephile ezindaweni zomphakathi. Uvalo luba lukhulu uma indawo igcwele.

Izimpawu ze-agoraphobia zifaka:

• Ukwesaba ukuchitha isikhathi wedwa
• Ukwesaba izindawo lapho ukuphunyuka kungaba nzima khona
• Ukwesaba ukwehlulwa ukulawula endaweni yomphakathi
• Kuya ngabanye
• Ukuzizwa uhlukanisiwe noma uhlukanisiwe nabanye
• Ukuzizwa ngingenalusizo
• Ukuzwa ukuthi umzimba awuyona eyangempela
• Ukuzwa ukuthi imvelo ayiyona yangempela
• Ukuba nentukuthelo engavamile noma ukuphazamiseka
• Ukuhlala endlini isikhathi eside

Izimpawu zomzimba zingabandakanya:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungaphatheki kahle
• Ukuchofoza
• Isizungu noma ukuquleka
• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo noma okunye ukucindezeleka kwesisu
• Inhliziyo yomjaho
• Umoya omncane
• Ukujuluka
• Ukuthuthumela

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzobheka umlando wakho we-agoraphobia futhi uzothola incazelo yokuziphatha kuwe, emndenini wakho, noma kubangani.

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukukusiza uzizwe futhi usebenze kangcono. Impumelelo yokwelashwa imvamisa incike engxenyeni yokuthi i-agoraphobia inzima kangakanani. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuhlanganisa ukwelashwa kokukhuluma nomuthi. Imithi ethile ejwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukudangala ingasiza kule nkinga. Zisebenza ngokuvimbela izimpawu zakho noma zizenze zingabi namandla kakhulu. Kumele uyiphuze le mithi nsuku zonke. Ungayeki ukuwaphuza noma ushintshe isilinganiso ngaphandle kokukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho.

• Ama-serotonin reuptake inhibitors akhethiwe (ama-SSRIs) imvamisa ukhetho lokuqala lwe-antidepressant.
• ISerotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) kungenye indlela.

Eminye imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukudangala noma imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuquleka nayo ingazama.

Imithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-sedatives noma i-hypnotics nayo ingabhalwa.

• Le mithi kufanele ithathwe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela.
• Udokotela wakho uzokunika inani elilinganiselwe lale mithi. Akufanele zisetshenziswe nsuku zonke.
• Zingasetshenziswa lapho izimpawu ziba nzima kakhulu noma lapho usuzovezwa kokuthile okuletha izimpawu zakho njalo.

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo-yokuziphatha (i-CBT) uhlobo lokwelashwa kokukhuluma. Kubandakanya ukuvakashelwa okungu-10 kuye kwangama-20 nochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo emasontweni ambalwa. I-CBT ikusiza ukuthi ushintshe imicabango ebanga isimo sakho. Kungabandakanya:

• Ukuqonda nokulawula imizwa noma imibono esontekile ngemicimbi noma izimo ezicindezelayo
• Ukufunda ukuphathwa kwengcindezi namasu okuphumula
• Ukuphumula, bese ucabanga ngezinto ezibangela ukukhathazeka, ukusebenza kusuka kokuncane ukwesabeka kuya kwesabeka kakhulu (okubizwa ngokuthi yi-systemic desensitization and therapy therapy)

Ungase futhi uvezwe kancane kancane esimweni sempilo yangempela esibangela ukwesaba ukukusiza ukuba usinqobe.

Indlela yokuphila enempilo ehlanganisa ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuphumula ngokwanele, nokudla okunomsoco nakho kungasiza.

Unganciphisa ukucindezeleka kokuba ne-agoraphobia ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Amaqembu okusekela imvamisa akayona indawo enhle yokwelashwa ngezinkulumo noma ukuthatha umuthi, kepha angaba ukwengeza okuwusizo.

Bona ngezansi ukuthola eminye imininingwane nokusekelwa kwabantu abane-agoraphobia:

I-Anxiety and Depression Association of America - adaa.org/supportgroups

Iningi labantu lingaba ngcono ngemithi ne-CBT. Ngaphandle kosizo lokuqala nolusebenzayo, lesi sifo singaba nzima ukwelashwa.

Abanye abantu abane-agoraphobia banga:

• Sebenzisa utshwala noma ezinye izidakamizwa ngenkathi uzama ukuzelapha.
• Ukwehluleka ukusebenza emsebenzini noma ezimweni zomphakathi.
• Zizwe ukhishwe inyumbazane, unesizungu, ucindezelekile noma ufuna ukuzibulala.

Shayela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho uma unezimpawu ze-agoraphobia.

Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kungavimbela i-agoraphobia.

Ukukhathazeka kokukhathazeka - i-agoraphobia

• Ukuphazamiseka kovalo nge-agoraphobia

I-American Psychiatric Association. Izinkinga zokukhathazeka. Ku: American Psychiatric Association, ed. Incwajana Yokuhlola Nezibalo Yezinkinga Zengqondo. Umhlaka 5. I-Arlington, VA: Ukushicilelwa Kwe-Psychiatric yaseMelika; 2013: 189-234.

UCalkins AW, Bui E, Taylor CT, Pollack MH, LeBeau RT, uSimon NM. Izinkinga zokukhathazeka. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ama-eds. IMassachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Okwesibili. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 32.

ULyness JM. Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwezokwelapha. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2020: isahluko 369.

National Institute of Mental Health iwebhusayithi. Izinkinga zokukhathazeka. www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml. Kubuyekezwe uJulayi 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngoJuni 17, 2020.