I-Melanoma yeso

I-Melanoma yeso umdlavuza owenzeka ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zeso.

I-Melanoma uhlobo lomdlavuza olunolaka olungasakazeka ngokushesha. Imvamisa luhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba.

I-Melanoma yeso ingathinta izingxenye eziningana zeso, kufaka phakathi:

• I-Choroid
• Umzimba Ciliary
• Isihlanganisi
• Ijwabu leso
• I-Iris
• I-Orbit

Isendlalelo se-choroid yisiza esingenzeka kakhulu se-melanoma esweni. Lona ungqimba lwemithambo yegazi nezicubu ezixhuma phakathi komhlophe weso ne-retina (emuva kweso).

Umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi usesweni kuphela. Noma, ingasakazeka (metastasize) iye kwenye indawo emzimbeni, imvamisa isibindi. I-Melanoma nayo ingaqala esikhunjeni noma kwezinye izitho emzimbeni futhi isakaze iso.

I-Melanoma uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-tumor yeso kubantu abadala. Noma kunjalo, i-melanoma eqala esweni ayivamile.

Ukuvezwa kakhulu yilanga kuyisici esibalulekile engcupheni ye-melanoma. Abantu abanesikhumba esilinganayo namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bathinteka kakhulu.

Izimpawu ze-melanoma yeso zingafaka noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Amehlo aqhamukayo
• Shintsha ngombala we-iris
• Ukungaboni kahle esweni elilodwa
• Isibomvu, iso elibuhlungu
• Isici esincane ku-iris noma ku-conjunctiva

Kwezinye izimo, kungahle kungabikho zimpawu.

Ukuhlolwa kweso nge-ophthalmoscope kungaveza isigaxa esisodwa esiyindilinga noma esiyisiyingi esweni.

Izivivinyo ezinga-odwa zifaka:

• Ukuskena kwe-Brain CT noma i-MRI ukubheka ukusabalala (i-metastasis) ebuchosheni
• I-ultrasound yeso
• I-biopsy yesikhumba uma kunendawo ethintekile esikhunjeni

Ama-melanomas amancane angaphathwa nge:

• Ukuhlinzwa
• Laser
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe (njengeGamma Knife, iCyberKnife, i-brachytherapy)

Ukuhlinzwa ukususa iso (i-enucleation) kungadingeka.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingasetshenziswa zifaka:

• I-Chemotherapy, uma umdlavuza usabalele ngaphesheya kweso
• I-Immunotherapy, esebenzisa imithi ukusiza amasosha akho omzimba alwe ne-melanoma

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Umphumela we-melanoma yeso uncike kubukhulu bomdlavuza lapho utholakala. Iningi labantu lisinda okungenani eminyakeni emihlanu kusukela ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa uma umdlavuza ungasakazekanga ngaphandle kweso.

Uma umdlavuza usabalale ngaphandle kweso, ithuba lokusinda isikhathi eside liphansi kakhulu.

Izinkinga ezingakhula ngenxa ye-melanoma yeso zifaka:

• Ukuhlanekezelwa noma ukulahleka kombono
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal
• Ukusabalala kwesimila kwezinye izindawo zomzimba

Shayela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uma unezimpawu ze-melanoma yeso.

Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuvimbela i-melanoma yeso ukuvikela amehlo ekukhanyeni kwelanga, ikakhulukazi phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-2 ntambama, lapho imisebe yelanga ishubile kakhulu. Gqoka izibuko zelanga ezinokuvikelwa kwe-ultraviolet.

Kunconywa ukuhlolwa kwamehlo minyaka yonke.

I-melanoma ebulalayo - i-choroid; I-melanoma ebulalayo - iso; Isigaxa samehlo; I-melanoma ye-Ocular

• URetina

U-Augsburger JJ, uCorrea ZM, uBerry JL. Ama-neoplasms amabi we-intraocular. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ama-eds. I-Ophthalmology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 8.1.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kwe-intraocular (uveal) melanoma (PDQ) - inguqulo yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/eye/hp/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq. Kubuyekezwe ngoMashi 24, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Agasti 2, 2019.

USeddon JM, uMcCannel TA. I-Epidemiology ye-posterior uveal melanoma. Ku: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, abahleli. URitina kaRyan. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 143.

Izihlangu CL, Shields JA. Sibutsetelo sokuphathwa kwe-posterior uveal melanoma. Ku: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, abahleli. URitina kaRyan. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 147.