I-hypoxia yobuchopho

I-cerebral hypoxia yenzeka lapho i-oxygen ingekho eyanele engena ebuchosheni. Ubuchopho budinga ukunikezwa njalo komoya-mpilo nezakhi zomzimba ukuze kusebenze.

I-Cerebral hypoxia ithinta izingxenye ezinkulu zobuchopho, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-cerebral hemispheres. Kodwa-ke, leli gama livame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisa ekushodeni kokuphakelwa komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni bonke.

Ku-cerebral hypoxia, kwesinye isikhathi kuphela ukunikezwa kwe-oksijini kuphazamiseka. Lokhu kungabangelwa:

• Ukuphefumula intuthu (ukuhogela intuthu), njengesikhathi somlilo
• Ubuthi be-Carbon monoxide
• Ukuchofoza
• Izifo ezivimbela ukunyakaza (ukukhubazeka) kwemisipha yokuphefumula, njenge-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
• Ukuphakama okuphezulu
• Ingcindezi ku- (compression) i-windpipe (trachea)
• Ukuklinywa

Kwezinye izimo, ukunikezwa kwe-oxygen nezakhi zomzimba kuyamiswa, kubangelwa:

• Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo (lapho inhliziyo iyeka ukupompa)
• I-cardiac arrhythmia (izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo)
• Izinkinga ze-anesthesia ejwayelekile
• Ukuminza
• Ukweqisa izidakamizwa
• Ukulimala kosana olusanda kuzalwa okwenzeke ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, noma ngokushesha nje emva kokuzalwa, njenge-cerebral palsy
• Unhlangothi
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu

Amaseli obuchopho azwela kakhulu lapho kushoda umoya-mpilo. Amanye amangqamuzana obuchopho aqala ukufa ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-5 ukunyamalala komoya-mpilo wawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-hypoxia yobuchopho ingadala ngokushesha ukonakala okukhulu kobuchopho noma ukufa.

Izimpawu ze-hypoxia emnene yobuchopho zifaka:

• Shintsha ekunakekelweni (ukunganaki)
• Ukwahlulela kabi
• Ukunyakaza okungahambisani

Izimpawu ze-hypoxia ye-cerebral enamandla zifaka:

• Ukuqaphela ngokuphelele nokungaphenduli (ikhoma)
• Akukho ukuphefumula
• Akunampendulo yabafundi beso ekukhanyeni

I-Cerebral hypoxia ivame ukutholakala ngokuya ngomlando wezokwelapha womuntu kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuthola imbangela ye-hypoxia, futhi kungafaka:

• I-Angiogram yobuchopho
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kufaka phakathi imithambo yegazi yegazi namazinga wamakhemikhali egazi
• I-CT scan yekhanda
• I-Echocardiogram, esebenzisa i-ultrasound ukubuka inhliziyo
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG), isilinganiso somsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo
• I-Electroencephalogram (i-EEG), ukuhlolwa kwamagagasi obuchopho angakhomba ukuquleka futhi kukhombise ukuthi amaseli obuchopho asebenza kanjani
• Amandla akhishiwe, isivivinyo esinquma ukuthi imizwa ethile, efana nokubona nokuthinta, ifinyelela ebuchosheni
• I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yekhanda

Uma kusala umfutho wegazi nokusebenza kwenhliziyo, ubuchopho bungafa ngokuphelele.

I-Cerebral hypoxia yisimo esiphuthumayo esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Ngokushesha lapho ukubuyiselwa komoya-mpilo kubuyiselwa ebuchosheni, kwehlisa ingozi yokulimala kanzima kobuchopho nokufa.

Ukwelashwa kuya ngesizathu se-hypoxia. Ukusekelwa kwempilo eyisisekelo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukwelashwa kubandakanya:

• Usizo lokuphefumula (i-mechanical ventilation) ne-oxygen
• Ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo nesigqi
• Uketshezi, imikhiqizo yegazi, noma imithi yokwenyusa umfutho wegazi uma uphansi
• Imithi noma ama-anesthetics ajwayelekile okwehlisa ukuquleka

Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu one-cerebral hypoxia upholisiwe ukunciphisa umsebenzi wamaseli obuchopho nokunciphisa isidingo sabo somoya-mpilo. Kodwa-ke, inzuzo yalokhu kwelashwa ayikasungulwa ngokuqinile.

Umbono uncike ebangeni lokulimala kobuchopho. Lokhu kunqunywa ukuthi isikhathi esingakanani ubuchopho buntula umoya-mpilo, nokuthi ngabe umsoco ebuchosheni nawo uthintekile yini.

Uma ubuchopho buntula umoya-mpilo isikhashana nje, i-coma ingahle iguquke futhi umuntu abe nokubuya okugcwele noma okuyingxenye kokusebenza. Abanye abantu bathola imisebenzi eminingi, kepha banokunyakaza okungajwayelekile, njengokushwibeka noma ukujeqeza, okubizwa nge-myoclonus. Ukuquleka kungenzeka kwesinye isikhathi, futhi kungaqhubeka (isimo se-epilepticus).

Iningi labantu abalulama ngokugcwele belingazi lutho isikhashana. Uma umuntu engazi lutho isikhathi eside, iba nkulu ingozi yokufa noma yokufa kwengqondo, futhi kwehle namathuba okululama.

Izinkinga ze-hypoxia yobuchopho zifaka phakathi isimo semifino esinde. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu angaba nemisebenzi eyisisekelo yokuphila, njengokuphefumula, umfutho wegazi, umjikelezo wokulala nokuvuka kwamehlo, kepha umuntu akakaqapheli futhi akaphenduli endaweni emzungezile. Abantu abanjalo bavame ukufa kungakapheli unyaka, yize abanye bengaphila isikhathi eside.

Isikhathi sokusinda sincike ngokwengxenye ekutheni kunakekelwa okungakanani ukuvimbela ezinye izinkinga. Izinkinga ezinkulu zingafaka:

• Izilonda zombhede
• Amahlule emithanjeni (i-vein thrombosis ejulile)
• Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu (i-pneumonia)
• Ukungondleki

I-Cerebral hypoxia yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo ngokushesha uma othile elahlekelwa ukwazi noma enezinye izimpawu ze-cerebral hypoxia.

Ukuvimbela kuncike embangela ethile ye-hypoxia. Ngeshwa, i-hypoxia imvamisa ingalindelekile. Lokhu kwenza isimo kube nzima ukusivimba.

Ukuvuselelwa kweCardiopulmonary (CPR) kungasindisa impilo, ikakhulukazi uma kuqalwa ngaso leso sikhathi.

I-encephalopathy enobuthakathaka; I-anoxic encephalopathy

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IGreer DM, uBernat JL. I-Coma, isimo se-vegetative, nokufa kwengqondo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 376.

ILumb AB, uThomas C. Hypoxia. Ku: Lumb AB, Thomas C, ed. I-Applied Respiratory Physiology kaNunn noLumb. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 23.