Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo

Ukukhubazeka kobuhlakani yisimo esitholwe ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-18 okubandakanya ukusebenza kwengqondo okungaphansi kwesilinganiso kanye nokuntuleka kwamakhono adingekayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

Esikhathini esedlule, igama elithi ukukhubazeka kwengqondo lalisetshenziselwa ukuchaza lesi simo. Leli gama alisasetshenziswa.

Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kuthinta cishe i-1% kuya ku-3% yabantu. Kunezimbangela eziningi zokukhubazeka kwengqondo, kepha odokotela bathola isizathu esithile kumacala angama-25% kuphela.

Izici zobungozi zihlobene nezimbangela. Izimbangela zokukhubazeka kwengqondo zingafaka:

• Izifo (ezikhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma ezenzeka ngemuva kokuzalwa)
• Ukungajwayelekile kwe-Chromosomal (njenge-Down syndrome)
• Ezemvelo
• I-Metabolic (efana ne-hyperbilirubinemia, noma amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-bilirubin ezinganeni)
• Ukudla okunomsoco (njengokungondleki)
• Okunobuthi (ukuvezwa kwe-intrauterine otshwaleni, i-cocaine, ama-amphetamine nezinye izidakamizwa)
• Ukuhlukumezeka (ngaphambi nangemva kokuzalwa)
• Akuchazwa (odokotela abasazi isizathu sokukhubazeka komuntu ngokwengqondo)

Njengomndeni, ungasola ukuthi ingane yakho inokukhubazeka kwengqondo lapho ingane yakho inokunye kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuntuleka noma ukuthuthuka kancane kwamakhono emoto, amakhono olimi, namakhono okuzisiza, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nontanga
• Ukwehluleka ukukhula ngokomqondo noma ukuqhubeka nokuziphatha okufana nezinsana
• Ukuntula ilukuluku
• Izinkinga zokugcina esikoleni
• Ukwehluleka ukuzivumelanisa (hlela izimo ezintsha)
• Kunzima ukuqonda nokulandela imithetho yezenhlalo

Izimpawu zokukhubazeka kwengqondo zingahle zisuke kokumnene ziye kokubi.

Ukuhlolwa kwentuthuko kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ingane:

• Isivivinyo sokuhlola sokuthuthuka esingajwayelekile seDenver
• Isikolo sokuziphatha okuguqukayo ngaphansi kwesilinganiso
• Indlela yentuthuko engezansi kontanga
• Isikolo se-Intelligence quotient (IQ) esingaphansi kwama-70 esivivinyweni se-IQ esilinganiselwe

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukuthuthukisa amandla omuntu ngokugcwele. Imfundo ekhethekile nokuqeqeshwa kungaqala zisencane. Lokhu kufaka amakhono omphakathi okusiza umuntu ukuthi asebenze ngokujwayelekile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uchwepheshe ahlole umuntu ukuthi unazo yini ezinye izinkinga zempilo yomzimba nengqondo. Abantu abakhubazeke ngokwengqondo bavame ukusizwa ngokululekwa ngokuziphatha.

Xoxa ngezinketho zokwelashwa nokusekelwa kwengane yakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo noma usonhlalonhle ukuze ukwazi ukusiza ingane yakho ukuthi ikwazi ukufinyelela ngokugcwele.

Lezi zinsizakusebenza zinganikeza imininingwane ethe xaxa:

• I-American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disability - www.aaidd.org
• I-Arc - www.thearc.org
• Inhlangano Kazwelonke Ye-Down Syndrome - www.nads.org

Umphumela uncike ku:

• Ubunzima nembangela yokukhubazeka kwengqondo
• Ezinye izimo
• Ukwelashwa nokwelashwa

Abantu abaningi baphila impilo ekhiqizayo futhi bafunda ukusebenza bebodwa. Abanye badinga indawo ehlelekile ukuze baphumelele kakhulu.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Unokukhathazeka mayelana nokukhula kwengane yakho
• Uyaqaphela ukuthi amakhono emoto noma olimi wengane yakho awakhuli ngokujwayelekile
• Ingane yakho inezinye izinkinga ezidinga ukwelashwa

Izakhi zofuzo. Ukwelulekwa ngokofuzo nokuhlolwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungasiza abazali baqonde ubungozi futhi benze amasu nezinqumo.

Komphakathi. Izinhlelo zokudla okunomsoco zinganciphisa ukukhubazeka okuhambisana nokungondleki. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi ezimweni ezibandakanya ukuhlukunyezwa nobumpofu nakho kuzosiza.

Inobuthi. Ukuvimbela ukuvezwa komthofu, i-mercury, nobunye ubuthi kunciphisa ubungozi bokukhubazeka. Ukufundisa abesifazane ngobungozi botshwala nezidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nakho kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi.

Izifo ezithathelwanayo. Ukutheleleka okuthile kungaholela ekukhubazekeni kwengqondo. Ukuvimbela lezi zifo kunciphisa ubungozi. Isibonelo, i-rubella syndrome ingavinjelwa ngokugoma. Ukugwema ukuvezwa indle yekati engadala i-toxoplasmosis ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kusiza ukunciphisa ukukhubazeka kulokhu kutheleleka.

Ukuphazamiseka kokuthuthuka kwengqondo; Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo

I-American Psychiatric Association. Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Incwajana Yokuhlola Nezibalo Yezinkinga Zengqondo. Umhlaka 5. I-Arlington, VA: Ukushicilelwa Kwe-Psychiatric yaseMelika; 2013: 33-41.

Shapiro BK, O'Neill ME. Ukubambezeleka kwentuthuko nokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 53.