Kwashiorkor

I-Kwashiorkor uhlobo lokungondleki olwenzeka lapho kungekho amaprotheni anele ekudleni.

I-Kwashiorkor ivame kakhulu ezindaweni lapho kukhona:

• Indlala
• Ukutholakala kokudla okulinganiselwe
• Amazinga aphansi emfundo (lapho abantu bengakuqondi ukuthi ungakudla kanjani ukudla okufanele)

Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu emazweni ampofu kakhulu. Kungenzeka ngesikhathi se:

• Isomiso noma enye inhlekelele yemvelo, noma
• Izinxushunxushu zezepolitiki.

Le micimbi ivame ukuholela ekusweleni kokudla, okudala ukungondleki.

I-Kwashiorkor ayivamile ezinganeni e-United States. Kunamacala ahlukanisiwe kuphela. Kodwa-ke, esinye isilinganiso sikahulumeni siphakamisa ukuthi iningi labantu asebekhulile abahlala emakhaya asebekhulile e-United States abawatholi amaprotheni anele ekudleni kwabo.

Lapho kwashiorkor kwenzeka e-United States, kuvame ukuba uphawu lokuhlukunyezwa kwezingane nokunganakwa okukhulu.

Izimpawu zifaka:

• Izinguquko kumbala wesikhumba
• Ukwehla kwemisipha
• Uhudo
• Ukwehluleka ukukhuluphala nokukhula
• Ukukhathala
• Izinguquko zezinwele (shintsha ngombala noma ukuthungwa)
• Ukwanda nokutheleleka okukhulu ngezifo ngenxa yokulimala kwamasosha omzimba
• Ukuthukuthela
• Isisu esikhulu esinamathelayo (siphume)
• Ukungakhathali noma ukunganaki
• Ukulahleka kwemisipha
• I-Rash (dermatitis)
• Ukushaqeka (isigaba esedlule)
• Ukuvuvukala (i-edema)

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kungakhombisa isibindi esandisiwe (hepatomegaly) nokuvuvukala okujwayelekile.

Ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

• Igazi legazi lomzimba
• BUN
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Imvume ye-Creatinine
• I-serum creatinine
• I-potassium yeSerum
• Ingqikithi yamazinga wamaprotheni
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo

Abantu abaqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi bangalulama ngokuphelele. Umgomo ukuthola ama-calories amaningi namaprotheni ekudleni kwabo. Izingane ezinesifo azikwazi ukufinyelela ekuphakameni nasekukhuleni kwazo okuphelele.

Amakholori anikezwa kuqala ngesimo sama-carbohydrate, ushukela olula, namafutha. Amaprotheni aqaliswa ngemuva kokuba eminye imithombo yama-calories isivele inikeze amandla. Kuzonikezwa izithasiselo zikavithamini nezamaminerali.

Ukudla kufanele kuqalwe phansi kancane ngoba umuntu ubengenakudla okuningi isikhathi eside. Ngokungazelelwe ukudla ukudla okunama-kilojoule amaningi kungadala izinkinga.

Izingane eziningi ezingondlekile kahle ziba nokungabekezelelani noshukela wobisi (i-lactose intolerance). Bazodinga ukunikezwa izithasiselo nge-enzyme lactase ukuze bakwazi ukubekezelela imikhiqizo yobisi.

Abantu abathukile badinga ukwelashwa khona manjalo ukubuyisa umthamo wegazi nokugcina umfutho wegazi.

Ukuthola ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni emihle. Ukwelapha i-kwashiorkor ngezigaba zayo sekwedlule kuzothuthukisa impilo ejwayelekile yengane. Kodwa-ke, ingane ingasala nezinkinga zaphakade zomzimba nezengqondo. Uma ukwelashwa kunganikezwa noma kufika sekwephuze kakhulu, lesi simo sisongela impilo.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• I-Coma
• Ukukhubazeka unomphela ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba
• Ukushaqeka

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma ingane yakho inezimpawu ze-kwashiorkor.

Ukuvimbela i-kwashiorkor, qiniseka ukuthi ukudla kwakho kunama-carbohydrate anele, amafutha (okungenani ama-10% wekhalori ephelele), namaprotheni (12% wekhalori ephelele).

Amaprotheni ukungondleki; Amaprotheni-ikhalori ukungondleki; Ukungondleki okubi

• Izimpawu zeKwashiorkor

U-Ashworth A. Ukudla okunomsoco, ukuvikeleka kokudla, kanye nempilo. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 57.

UManary MJ, uTrehan I. Ukungondleki kahle kwamandla wamaprotheni. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 203.