I-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emelana nemethicillin

I-MRSA imele ukumelana nemethicillin I-Staphylococcus aureus. I-MRSA yigciwane "le-staph" (amabhaktheriya) elingabi ngcono ngohlobo lwama-antibiotic avame ukwelapha izifo ze-staph.

Uma lokhu kwenzeka, leli gciwane kuthiwa liyamelana ne-antibiotic.

Amagciwane amaningi we-staph asakazwa ngokuxhumana kwesikhumba nesikhumba (ukuthinta). Udokotela, umhlengikazi, omunye umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, noma abavakashi esibhedlela bangaba namagciwane e-staph emzimbeni wabo angasakazeka esigulini.

Lapho nje igciwane le-staph lingena emzimbeni, lingasakazeka liye emathanjeni, emalungeni, egazini, noma kunoma yisiphi isitho, njengamaphaphu, inhliziyo, noma ubuchopho.

Ukutheleleka okubucayi kwe-staph kuvame kakhulu kubantu abanezinkinga zezokwelapha ezingapheli (zesikhathi eside). Lokhu kufaka phakathi labo:

• Zisezibhedlela nasezikhungweni zokunakekelwa zesikhathi eside isikhathi eside
• Ziku-dialysis yezinso (hemodialysis)
• Thola ukwelashwa komdlavuza noma imishanguzo eyenza amasosha omzimba abe buthakathaka

Ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA kungenzeka futhi kubantu abaphilile abangazange babe sesibhedlela muva nje. Iningi lalezi zifo ze-MRSA zisesikhumbeni, noma kancane kakhulu, emaphashini. Abantu abangaba sengozini yibo:

• Abasubathi nabanye ababelana ngezinto ezifana namathawula noma izinsingo
• Abantu abajova izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni
• Abantu abahlinzwa ngonyaka odlule
• Izingane ezinkulisa
• Amalungu ezempi
• Abantu abathole ama-tattoo
• Ukutheleleka kwakamuva komkhuhlane

Kujwayelekile ukuthi abantu abaphilile babe ne-staph esikhumbeni sabo. Abaningi bethu bayakwenza. Isikhathi esiningi, akubangeli ukutheleleka noma ezinye izimpawu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukwenziwa kwamakoloni" noma "ukwenziwa ikoloni." Umuntu okhethwe ikholomu ne-MRSA angakusabalalisa kwabanye abantu.

Uphawu lokutheleleka kwesikhumba se-staph yindawo ebomvu, evuvukile, futhi ebuhlungu esikhunjeni. I-pus noma olunye uketshezi lungakhipha kule ndawo. Kungabukeka njengethumba. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukwenzeka uma isikhumba sinqunyiwe noma sigcotshwe, ngoba lokhu kunikeza igciwane le-MRSA indlela yokungena emzimbeni wakho. Izimpawu nazo ziningi kakhulu ezindaweni lapho kunezinwele eziningi zomzimba, ngoba igciwane lingangena ezinhlakeni zezinwele.

Ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA kubantu abasezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuvame ukuba nzima. Lezi zifo zingase zibe semgudwini wegazi, inhliziyo, amaphaphu noma ezinye izitho, umchamo, noma endaweni yokuhlinzwa kwakamuva. Ezinye izimpawu zalezi zifo ezinzima zingabandakanya:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukukhwehlela noma ukuphefumula okuncane
• Ukukhathala
• Umkhuhlane namakhaza
• Ukuzizwa okuvamile
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• I-Rash
• Amanxeba angapholi

Ukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile uma une-MRSA noma ukutheleleka kwe-staph ukubona umhlinzeki.

I-swab yekotini isetshenziselwa ukuqoqa isampula ekuqubukeni kwesikhumba okuvulekile noma esikhunjeni sesikhumba. Noma, kungaqoqwa isampula yegazi, umchamo, isikhwehlela, noma ubomvu kuthumba. Isampula ithunyelwa ebhodini ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe yimaphi amabhaktheriya akhona, kufaka phakathi i-staph. Uma kutholakala i-staph, kuzovivinywa ukubona ukuthi yimaphi ama-antibiotics akhona futhi angasebenzi ngokumelene nawo. Le nqubo isiza ukutshela ukuthi ngabe i-MRSA ikhona nokuthi imaphi ama-antibiotic angasetshenziswa ukwelapha ukutheleleka.

Ukukhipha ukutheleleka kungaba ukuphela kwokwelapha okudingekayo kokutheleleka kwesikhumba kwe-MRSA okungasakazekanga. Umhlinzeki kufanele enze le nqubo. Ungazami ukuvula noma ukukhipha ukutheleleka ngokwakho. Gcina noma yisiphi isilonda noma isilonda simbozwe ngebhandeshi elihlanzekile.

Ukutheleleka okukhulu kwe-MRSA kuya kuba nzima ukwelashwa. Imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa ilebhu izotshela udokotela ukuthi imuphi umuthi olwa namagciwane ozokwelapha isifo sakho. Udokotela wakho uzolandela imihlahlandlela yokuthi imaphi ama-antibiotic azowasebenzisa, futhi uzobheka umlando wakho wezempilo. Ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA kunzima ukwelapha uma kwenzeka ku:

• Amaphaphu noma igazi
• Abantu asebevele begula noma abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka

Ungadinga ukuqhubeka uphuza ama-antibiotic isikhathi eside, noma ngabe usuphumile esibhedlela.

Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela imiyalo yokuthi unganakekela kanjani ukutheleleka kwakho ekhaya.

Ukuthola eminye imininingwane nge-MRSA, bheka iwebhusayithi yeCenters for Disease Control: www.cdc.gov/mrsa.

Ukuthi umuntu wenza kahle kangakanani kuncike ekutheni isifo sinamandla kangakanani, kanye nempilo yomuntu jikelele. I-pneumonia kanye nokutheleleka kwegazi ngenxa ye-MRSA kuxhunyaniswa namazinga aphezulu okufa.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unesilonda esibonakala siba sibi kakhulu esikhundleni sokuphola.

Landela lezi zinyathelo ukugwema ukutheleleka kwe-staph nokuvimbela ukutheleleka ekusakazekeni:

• Gcina izandla zakho zihlanzekile ngokuzigeza kahle ngensipho namanzi. Noma, sebenzisa i-sanitizer yezandla esuselwa kotshwala.
• Geza izandla zakho ngokushesha okukhulu ngemuva kokushiya isikhungo sezempilo.
• Gcina ukusikeka nokukhuhla kuhlanzekile futhi kumbozwe ngamabhandeshi aze aphole.
• Gwema ukuthintana namanxeba abanye abantu noma amabhandeshi.
• UNGABI izinto zomuntu siqu njengamathawula, okokugqoka noma izimonyo.

Izinyathelo ezilula zabasubathi zifaka:

• Vala amanxeba ngebhandishi elihlanzekile. Ungathinti amabhandeshi abanye abantu.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngaphambi nangemva kokudlala imidlalo.
• Shawa ngemuva nje kokuzivocavoca. UNGAHAMBISANI ngensipho, izinsingo, noma amathawula.
• Uma wabelana ngezinto zokusebenza zemidlalo, zihlanze kuqala ngesixazululo magciwane noma ukusula. Beka okokwembatha noma ithawula phakathi kwesikhumba sakho nokokusebenza.
• UNGAYisebenzisi i-whirlpool evamile noma i-sauna uma ngabe omunye umuntu onesifo esivulekile ayisebenzisile. Njalo sebenzisa izingubo noma ithawula njengesithiyo.
• UNGABI ama-splints, amabhandeshi noma izinsimbi.
• Bheka ukuthi izindawo zokugeza okwabelwana ngazo zihlanzekile yini. Uma zingahlanzekile, geza ekhaya.

Uma ukuhlinzwa kuhlelwe, tshela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Unezifo ezivamile
• Uke waba nokutheleleka kwe-MRSA ngaphambili

IStaphylococcus aureus emelana nemethicillin; I-MRSA etholwe yisibhedlela (HA-MRSA); IStaph - MRSA; I-Staphylococcal - MRSA

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Imelana nemethicillin I-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). www.cdc.gov/mrsa/index.html. Kubuyekezwe uFebhuwari 5, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 22, 2019.

U-Que YA, uMoreillon P. I-Staphylococcus aureus (kufaka phakathi i-staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome) Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 194.