Isifo sokuqhuma

I-gonorrhea yisifo esivamile esithathelwana ngocansi (STI).

I-gonorrhea ibangelwa amagciwane I-Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Noma yiluphi uhlobo locansi lungasabalalisa i-gonorrhea. Ungayithola ngokuxhumana nomlomo, umphimbo, amehlo, i-urethra, isitho sangasese, ipipi, noma ingquza.

I-gonorrhea yisifo sesibili esivame ukubikwa esithathelwanayo. Cishe amacala angama-330,000 ayenzeka e-United States unyaka nonyaka.

Amagciwane akhula ezindaweni ezifudumele, ezinomswakama zomzimba. Lokhu kungafaka ishubhu elikhipha umchamo emzimbeni (urethra). Kwabesifazane, amabhaktheriya angatholakala emkhakheni wokuzala (okubandakanya amashubhu e-fallopian, isibeletho nomlomo wesibeletho). Amagciwane nawo angakhula emehlweni.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo kudingeka ngokomthetho ukuthi batshele iBhodi Yombuso Yezempilo ngawo wonke amacala we-gonorrhea. Inhloso yalo mthetho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu uthola ukunakekelwa okufanele nokwelashwa okufanele. Abalingani ocansini nabo badinga ukutholakala nokuhlolwa.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uthuthukise lesi sifo uma:

• Unabalingani ocansini abaningi.
• Unozakwethu onomlando owedlule wanoma iyiphi i-STI.
• Awuyisebenzisi ikhondomu ngesikhathi socansi.
• Usebenzisa kabi utshwala noma izinto ezingekho emthethweni.

Izimpawu ze-gonorrhea zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezi-5 ngemuva kokutheleleka. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha inyanga ukuthi izimpawu zivele emadodeni.

Abanye abantu abanazo izimpawu. Kungenzeka bangazi ukuthi bakubambile ukutheleleka, ngakho-ke ungafuni ukwelashwa. Lokhu kwandisa ubungozi bezinkinga kanye namathuba okudlulisela ukutheleleka komunye umuntu.

Izimpawu emadodeni zifaka:

• Ukusha nobuhlungu ngenkathi uchama
• Udinga ukuchama ngokushesha noma kaningi
• Ukukhishwa kupipi (okumhlophe, okuphuzi, noma okuluhlaza okombala)
• Ukuvulwa okubomvu noma okuvuvukile kwepipi (urethra)
• Amathenda wethenda noma avuvukile
• Umphimbo obuhlungu (gonococcal pharyngitis)

Izimpawu kubantu besifazane zingaba mnene kakhulu. Bangaphanjaniswa nolunye uhlobo lokutheleleka. Kubandakanya:

• Ukusha nobuhlungu ngenkathi uchama
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ukuya ocansini okubuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini esingezansi (uma ukutheleleka kusakazeka kumashubhu we-fallopian nasendaweni yesibeletho)
• Umkhuhlane (uma ukutheleleka kusakazeka kumashubhu wesibeletho nasendaweni yesibeletho)
• Ukopha okungavamile kwesibeletho
• Ukopha ngemuva kocansi
• Ukukhishwa okungavamile kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane ngokukhipha okuluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi noma okunuka kabi

Uma ukutheleleka kusakazeka egazini, izimpawu zifaka:

• Imfiva
• I-Rash
• Izimpawu ezifana ne-arthritis

I-gonorrhea ingatholakala ngokushesha ngokubheka isampula yokukhishwa noma izicubu ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ibala legramu. Le ndlela iyashesha, kepha ayiqiniseki kakhulu.

I-gonorrhea itholakala ngokunembile ngokuhlolwa kwe-DNA. Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kuyasiza ekuhloleni. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ligase chain reaction (LCR) kungenye yezivivinyo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kuyashesha kunamasiko. Lezi zivivinyo zingenziwa kumasampula omchamo, okulula ukuwaqoqa kunamasampula avela endaweni yobulili.

Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-DNA, amasiko (amaseli akhula esitsheni selabhu) ayesetshenziselwa ukunikeza ubufakazi be-gonorrhea, kepha awasasetshenziswa kakhulu manje.

Amasampula esiko avame ukuthathwa emlomo wesibeletho, isitho sangasese sowesifazane, i-urethra, i-anus, noma umphimbo. Akuvamile, amasampuli athathwa oketshezini oluhlangene noma egazini. Amasiko angavame ukuhlinzeka ngokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kungakapheli amahora angama-24. Ukuxilongwa okuqinisekisiwe kuyatholakala kungakapheli amahora angama-72.

Uma une-gonorrhea, kufanele ucele ukuhlolwa kwezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, kufaka phakathi i-chlamydia, ugcunsula, ne-HIV herpes ne-hepatitis.

Ukuhlolisiswa kwe-gonorrhea kubantu abangenasifo kufanele kwenzeke la maqembu alandelayo:

• Abesifazane abasebenza ngokocansi abaneminyaka engama-24 nangaphansi
• Owesifazane oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-24 osengozini yokutheleleka

Akukacaci ukuthi ukuhlolisisa abesilisa nge-gonorrhea kunenzuzo yini.

Ama-antibiotic amaningi angasetshenziswa ekwelapheni lolu hlobo lokutheleleka.

• Ungathola umthamo owodwa omkhulu wama-antibiotics omlomo noma uthathe umthamo omncane izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.
• Unganikezwa umjovo wama-antibiotic noma udutshulwe, bese unikezwa amaphilisi ama-antibiotic. Ezinye izinhlobo zamaphilisi zithathwa ngasikhathi sinye ehhovisi lomhlinzeki. Ezinye izinhlobo zithathwa ekhaya kuze kube yisonto.
• Izimo ezinzima kakhulu ze-PID (isifo sokuvuvukala okhalo) zingadinga ukuthi uhlale esibhedlela. Ama-antibiotic anikezwa ngemithambo yegazi.
• Ungalokothi uzelaphe ungabonwanga ngumhlinzeki wakho kuqala. Umhlinzeki wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okuhle kakhulu.

Cishe ingxenye eyodwa yabesifazane abane-gonorrhea nayo itheleleke nge-chlamydia. I-Chlamydia iphathwa ngasikhathi sinye njenge-gonorrhea infection.

Uzodinga ukuvakashelwa okulandelayo emva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 uma izimpawu zakho zibandakanya ubuhlungu obuhlangene, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu be-pelvic noma besisu. Ukuhlolwa kuzokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukutheleleka sekuphelile.

Abalingani ocansini kumele bahlolwe futhi belashwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukudlulisa ukutheleleka emuva naphambili. Wena nomlingani wakho kufanele niqede wonke ama-antibiotic. Sebenzisa amakhondomu kuze kube yilapho nobabili niqedile ukuphuza ama-antibiotic. Uma ungenwe yi-gonorrhea noma i-chlamydia, mancane amathuba okuthi uphinde uthole isifo noma ngabe uhlala usebenzisa amakhondomu.

Bonke othintana nabo ocansini lomuntu one-gonorrhea kufanele bathintwe futhi bahlolwe. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukusabalala kokutheleleka.

• Kwezinye izindawo, ungakwazi ukuyisa ulwazi nemithi kumlingani wakho ocansi.
• Kwezinye izindawo, umnyango wezempilo uzoxhumana nomlingani wakho.

Ukutheleleka kwe-gonorrhea okungasakazeki cishe kungaphulukiswa njalo ngama-antibiotic. I-gonorrhea esasakazekile isifo esibi kakhulu. Isikhathi esiningi, kuba ngcono ngokwelashwa.

Izinkinga kwabesifazane zingafaka:

• Ukutheleleka okusakazeka kumashubhu we-fallopian kungadala isibazi. Lokhu kungadala izinkinga zokukhulelwa esikhathini esizayo. Kungabuye kuholele ebuhlungu obungapheli be-pelvic, i-PID, ukungazali, nokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic. Iziqephu eziphindaphindwayo zizonyusa amathuba akho okuthi ungazali ngenxa yokulimala kwesigaxa.
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe abane-gonorrhea enamandla bangadlulisela lesi sifo ezinganeni zabo ngenkathi zisesibelethweni noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
• Kungadala nezinkinga ekukhulelweni njengokutheleleka kanye nokulethwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
• Ithumba esiswini (isibeletho) nasesiswini.

Izinkinga emadodeni zingafaka:

• Ukuqhuma noma ukunciphisa i-urethra (ishubhu elikhipha umchamo emzimbeni)
• Ithumba (iqoqo lobomvu elizungeze umchamo)

Izinkinga ezenziwa abesilisa nabesifazane zingafaka:

• Izifo ezihlangene
• Ukutheleleka kwe-valve yenhliziyo
• Ukutheleleka okuzungeze ubuchopho (meningitis)

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ze-gonorrhea. Imitholampilo eminingi exhaswe nguhulumeni izoxilonga iphinde yelaphe izifo zocansi ngaphandle kwenkokhiso.

Ukugwema ukuxhumana kocansi ukuphela kwendlela eqinisekile yokuvimbela i-gonorrhea. Uma wena nomlingani wakho ningayi ocansini nabanye abantu, lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu nethuba lakho.

Ucansi oluphephile lusho ukuthatha izinyathelo ngaphambi nangesikhathi socansi ezingakuvimbela ekutholeni ukutheleleka, noma ekunikezeni umlingani wakho. Imikhuba yocansi ephephile ifaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwama-STI kubo bonke abalingani ocansini, ukusebenzisa amakhondomu ngokungaguquki, ukuba nabantu oxhumana nabo ocansini abambalwa.

Buza umhlinzeki wakho uma kufanele uthole isixhumanisi sokugoma i-hepatitis B kanye ne-HPV-link-link. Ungase futhi uthande ukubheka umuthi wokugoma we-HPV.

Shaya izandla; Ukudonsa

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Embree JE. Ukutheleleka nge-gonococcal. Ku: Wilson CB, Nizet V, Maldonado YA, Remington JS, Klein JO, abahleli. Izifo Ezithathelwanayo ze-Remington ne-Klein ze-Fetus ne-Baby Newborn. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 15.

IHabif TP. Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ocansi. Ku: Habif TP, ed. Ukwelashwa Kwemithi Yezokwelapha. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 10.

LeFevre ML; I-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Chlamydia ne-gonorrhea: Isitatimende sezincomo se-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. U-Ann Intern Med. 2014; 161 (12): 902-910. I-PMID: 25243785 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25243785.

UMarrazzo JM, u-Apicella MA. I-Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Isifo sokuvuza). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 214.

Iwebhusayithi ye-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Isitatimende sokugcina sezincomo: i-chlamydia ne-gonorrhea: ukuhlolwa. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening. Kubuyekezwe uSepthemba 2014. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 29, 2019.

I-Workowski KA, iBolan GA; Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (CDC). Imihlahlandlela yokwelashwa kwezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, 2015. Incoma i-MMWR Rep. 2015; 64 (RR-03): 1-137. I-PMID: 26042815 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815.