Iwindi le-aortopulmonary

Iwindi le-aortopulmonary yisici senhliziyo esingajwayelekile lapho kukhona imbobo exhuma umthambo omkhulu othatha igazi lisuke enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni (i-aorta) kanye nalona othatha igazi elisuka enhliziyweni liye emaphashini (umthambo wamaphaphu). Isimo singesokuzalwa, okusho ukuthi sikhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.

Ngokuvamile, igazi ligeleza ngomthambo wamaphaphu liye emaphashini, lapho lithatha khona umoya-mpilo. Lapho-ke igazi libuyela enhliziyweni bese lifakwa ku-aorta nakuwo wonke umzimba.

Izingane ezinefasitela le-aortopulmonary zinembobo phakathi kwe-aorta ne-pulmonary artery. Ngenxa yalo mgodi, igazi elivela ku-aorta ligelezela emthanjeni wamaphaphu, futhi ngenxa yalokho igazi eliningi kakhulu ligobhozela emaphashini. Lokhu kubangela umfutho wegazi ophezulu emaphashini (isimo esibizwa nge-pulmonary hypertension) kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo ukuminyana. Uma kukhulu ukukhubazeka, igazi eliningi elikwaziyo ukungena emithanjeni yamaphaphu.

Isimo senzeka lapho i-aorta nomthambo wamaphaphu ungazihlukanisi ngokujwayelekile njengoba ingane ikhula esibelethweni.

Iwindi le-aortopulmonary alivamile kakhulu. Ibala ngaphansi kwe-1% lakho konke ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzelwe.

Lesi simo singenzeka sisodwa noma ngezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo ezinjenge:

• I-Tetralogy of Fallot
• I-atresia yamaphaphu
• I-Truncus arteriosus
• Isici se-atrial septal
• I-patent ductus arteriosus
• Kwaphazanyiswa i-aortic arch

Abantu abangamaphesenti angama-50 ngokuvamile abanazo ezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo.

Uma ukukhubazeka kuncane, kungahle kungabangeli zimpawu. Noma kunjalo, ukukhubazeka okuningi kukhulu.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukukhula okubambezelekile
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukuthukuthela
• Ukudla okungafanele nokuntuleka kwesisindo
• Ukuphefumula ngokushesha
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Izifo zokuphefumula

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uvame ukuzwa umsindo wenhliziyo ongajwayelekile (ukububula) lapho elalele inhliziyo yengane nge-stethoscope.

Umhlinzeki anga-oda izivivinyo ezinjengalezi:

• I-catheterization yenhliziyo - ishubhu elincane elifakwe emithanjeni yegazi kanye / noma imithambo ezungeze inhliziyo ukubuka inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi nokukala ngqo ingcindezi enhliziyweni nasemaphashini.
• I-x-ray yesifuba.
• I-Echocardiogram.
• I-MRI yenhliziyo.

Isimo ngokuvamile sidinga ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuvulekile ukulungisa iphutha. Ukuhlinzwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha okukhulu ngemuva kokutholakala kokuxilongwa. Ezimweni eziningi, yilapho ingane isengumntwana osanda kuzalwa.

Ngesikhathi senqubo, umshini wenhliziyo-namaphaphu uthatha inhliziyo yengane. Udokotela ohlinzayo uvula i-aorta bese evala ukukhubazeka ngesichibi esenziwe ngesiqephu sesaka esivala inhliziyo (i-pericardium) noma into eyenziwe umuntu.

Ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa iwindi le-aortopulmonary kuyaphumelela ezimweni eziningi. Uma isici silashwa ngokushesha, ingane akufanele ibe nemiphumela ehlala njalo.

Ukwephuza ukwelashwa kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinjengalezi:

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yokubopha
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu we-pulmonary noma i-Eisenmenger syndrome
• Ukufa

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma ingane yakho inezimpawu zewindi le-aortopulmonary. Ngokushesha lapho lesi sifo sitholakala futhi siphathwa, kungcono ukubikezelwa kwengane.

Ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela iwindi le-aortopulmonary.

I-aortopulmonary septal defect; Ukuvuthwa kwe-aortopulmonary; Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa - iwindi le-aortopulmonary; Inhliziyo enesici sokuzalwa - iwindi le-aortopulmonary

• Iwindi le-Aortopulmonary

I-Fraser CD, uKane LC. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Ku: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. ISabiston Incwadi Yokuhlinzwa. Umhla ka-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 58.

I-Qureshi AM, i-Gowda ST, i-Justino H, i-Spicer DE, no-Anderson RH. Okunye ukukhubazeka kwamapheshana okuphuma kwe-ventricular. Ku: Wernovsky G, Anderson RH, Kumar K, et al, ama-eds. I-Anderson's Pediatric Cardiology. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 51.

I-Webb GD, iSmallhorn JF, uTherrien J, uRedington AN. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso esigulini esidala nesingane. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Isifo Senhliziyo SikaBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo Nemithambo. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 75.