I-Antibiogram: kwenziwa kanjani nokuthi ungawuqonda kanjani umphumela

-Delile

• Yenziwa kanjani i-antibiotic
• Ukulima nge-antibiogram
• Uwutolika kanjani umphumela
• Kungani kubalulekile ukuthola i-antibiotic efanele?

I-antibiotic, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test (TSA), ukuhlolwa okuhlose ukucacisa ukuzwela nokumelana nephrofayili yamagciwane nesikhunta kuma-antibiotics. Ngomphumela we-antibiotic, udokotela angakhombisa ukuthi yimaphi ama-antibiotic afanele kakhulu ukwelapha ukutheleleka komuntu, ngaleyo ndlela agweme ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic angenasidingo angalwi nokutheleleka, ngaphezu kokuvimbela ukuvela kokumelana.

Imvamisa, i-antibiotic yenziwa ngemuva kokuhlonza ama-microorganism ngobuningi egazini, emchameni, endleni nasezicutshini. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwe-microorganism ekhonjisiwe kanye nephrofayili yokuzwela, udokotela angakhombisa ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.

Yenziwa kanjani i-antibiotic

Ukwenza i-antibiotic, udokotela uzocela ukuqoqwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezifana negazi, umchamo, amathe, i-phlegm, indle noma amaseli esitho esitholwe amagciwane. Lawa masampula abese ethunyelwa elabhoratri le-microbiology ukuyohlaziywa nokutshalwa endaweni yamasiko ethanda ukukhula kwamagciwane noma ukhunta.

Ngemuva kokukhula, i-microorganism ihlukanisiwe futhi ihlolwe ukuhlolwa kokuhlonza ukuze ifinyelele esiphethweni se-microorganism ebhekene nokutheleleka. Ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa, i-antibiotic nayo yenziwa ukuze iphrofayili yokuzwela nokumelana ne-microorganism ekhonjiwe yaziwe, engenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:

• I-Agar Diffusion Antibiogram: Kule nqubo, ama-discs amancane ephepha aqukethe ama-antibiotic ahlukene abekwa epuletini elinendawo efanelekile yamasiko ukuze kukhule i-ejenti ethelelayo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2 ku-greenhouse, kungenzeka ukuthi ubone ukuthi uzwe ukukhula noma cha ezungeze i-disc. Uma kungekho ukukhula, kuthiwa i-microorganism iyazwela kulelo antibiotic, kubhekwe njengelungele ukwelashwa kokutheleleka;
• Ama-antibiotic asuselwa ekunciphiseni: kule nqubo kunesitsha esinezixazululo eziningana zemithi elwa namagciwane ngemithamo ehlukene, lapho kubekwa khona amagciwane amancane azohlaziywa, futhi kunqunywa iMinimum Inhibitory Concentration (CMI) yama-antibiotic. Isitsha lapho kungabonwa khona ukukhula okuncane kwe-microbial sifana nomthamo we-antibiotic okufanele isetshenziswe ekwelashweni, njengoba kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwegciwane elincane.

Njengamanje kumalabhorethri, i-antibiotic yenziwa yidivayisi lapho kwenziwa khona ukumelana nokuzwela kokuhlolwa. Umbiko okhishwe yimishini wazisa ukuthi imaphi ama-antibiotic i-ejenti elithathelwanayo ayemelana nawo futhi ayephumelela ekulweni ne-microorganism nokuthi ikuphi ukugxila.

Ukulima nge-antibiogram

Ukutheleleka ngomgudu womchamo ngesinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu kubantu besifazane, ikakhulukazi emadodeni. Ngalesi sizathu, kujwayelekile ukuthi odokotela bacele ngaphezu kohlobo lokuhlolwa komchamo wohlobo 1, i-EAS, kanye nesiko lomchamo elihambisana ne-antibiotic. Ngale ndlela, udokotela uyakwazi ukubheka ukuthi ngabe lukhona yini ushintsho emchameni olukhombisa izinkinga zezinso, nge-EAS, kanye nokuba khona kwesikhunta noma amabhaktheriya emgudwini womchamo ongakhombisa ukutheleleka, ngesiko lomchamo.

Uma ukutholakala kwamagciwane emchameni kuhlolwe, i-antibiotic yenziwa ngokulandelayo ukuze udokotela akwazi ukuthi imuphi umuthi olwa namagciwane ofanele ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokutheleleka ngomchamo, ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic kunconywa kuphela lapho umuntu enezimpawu zokuvimbela ukukhula kokumelana namagciwane.

Qonda ukuthi isiko lomchamo lenziwa kanjani.

Uwutolika kanjani umphumela

Umphumela we-antibiotic ungathatha izinsuku ezifika kwezingu-3 kuye kwezingu-5 futhi utholakala ngokuhlaziya umphumela wama-antibiotic ekukhuleni kwama-microorganisms. Imithi elwa namagciwane evimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane iyona ekhonjisiwe ukwelapha ukutheleleka, kepha uma kukhona ukukhula, kukhombisa ukuthi i-microorganism okukhulunywa ngayo ayizweli kulelo antibiotic, okungukuthi, ayizweli.

Umphumela we-antibiotic kumele uhunyushwe ngudokotela, obheka amanani we-Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, ebizwa nangokuthi i-CMI noma i-MIC, kanye / noma ububanzi be-halo yokuvimbela, ngokuya ngesivivinyo esenziwe. I-IMC ihambelana nobuncane bemithi elwa namagciwane ekwaziyo ukuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane futhi ngokuya ngamazinga I-Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI, futhi ingahluka ngokuya ngemithi elwa namagciwane ezohlolwa kanye ne-microorganism etholakele.

Endabeni ye-agar diffusion antibiogram, lapho amaphepha aqukethe ukugxila okuthile kwama-antibiotic abekwa endaweni yesiko ne-microorganism, ngemuva kokufukamela cishe amahora angama-18 kungenzeka ukuthi ubekhona noma cha bezivimbelo ze-halos. Kusukela ngosayizi wobubanzi be-halos, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngabe i-microorganism ayithambeki, iyabanjwa, iphakathi nendawo noma ayizweli kuma-antibiotic.

Umphumela kufanele futhi uhunyushwe ngokususelwa ekunqumeni kwe-CLSI, okunquma lokho ekuhlolweni kokuthambekela kwe- Escherichia coli ku-Ampicillin, ngokwesibonelo, i-halo yokuvimbela engaphansi noma elingana no-13 mm ikhombisa ukuthi ibhaktheriya limelana ne-antibiotic nokuthi i-halo elingana noma enkulu kune-17 mm ikhombisa ukuthi ibhaktheriya liyazwela. Funda kabanzi ngomphumela wesiko lomchamo nge-antibiotic.

Ngakho-ke, ngokusho komphumela we-antibiotic, udokotela angakhombisa isibulala-magciwane esisebenza kakhulu ukulwa nokutheleleka.

Kungani kubalulekile ukuthola i-antibiotic efanele?

Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane engafanele futhi esebenza kahle ekupholiseni izinto ezincane kubambezela ukululama komuntu, kuyelapha kancane ukutheleleka futhi kuvune ukwakhiwa kwezindlela zokumelana namagciwane, okwenza ukutheleleka kube nzima ukwelashwa.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu esifanayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungasebenzisi ama-antibiotic ngaphandle kokuqondiswa udokotela futhi kungenasidingo, ngoba lokhu kungagcina sekukhetha amagciwane amelana kakhulu nemithi elwa namagciwane, kunciphisa izinketho zemithi ukulwa nezifo.