Yimiphi Imiphumela emibi ye-Beta-Blockers?

-Delile

• Ngabe ama-beta-blocker anqunyelwe ini?
• Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-beta-blockers?
• Ama-beta-blockers angakhethi
• Ama-beta-blockers we-Cardioselective
• I-beta-blockers yesizukulwane sesithathu
• Iyini imiphumela emibi?
• Ingabe ama-beta-blocker ahlangana neminye imithi?
• Ungaphuza utshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-beta-blockers?
• Ngubani ongafanele athathe i-beta-blockers?
• Imiphi imininingwane ebalulekile ongabelana ngayo nodokotela wakho?
• Kuphephile ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-beta-blockers?
• Okubalulekile

Ama-beta blockers asiza ukunciphisa ijubane namandla okushaya kwenhliziyo yakho ngenkathi wehlisa nomfutho wegazi. Basebenza ngokuvimbela i-hormone adrenaline (epinephrine) ekubopheni kuma-beta receptors.

Njengezidakamizwa eziningi, ama-beta-blockers angadala imiphumela emibi. Imvamisa, odokotela bayayala le mithi ngoba izingozi ezihambisana nesimo esithile zidlula imiphumela emibi i-beta-blockers engabanga.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuthola kabanzi ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona nokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa kwe-beta-blockers, kanye nezinyathelo okufanele uzithathe.

Ngabe ama-beta-blocker anqunyelwe ini?

Ama-beta blockers ajwayele ukunikezwa izimo ezihlobene nenhliziyo, kufaka phakathi:

• ubuhlungu besifuba (angina)
• ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
• umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme)
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (arrhythmia)
• i-postural tachycardia syndrome (AMABHODI)
• ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (i-myocardial infarction) kubantu asebevele benesifo senhliziyo

Kukhona ama-beta-receptors kuwo wonke umzimba wakho, hhayi enhliziyweni yakho kuphela. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-beta-blockers kwesinye isikhathi ibekelwa ezinye izimo, njenge-migraine, ukukhathazeka ne-glaucoma.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-beta-blockers?

Akuwona wonke ama-beta-blocker adalwe alingana. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-beta-blocker, futhi ngayinye isebenza ngendlela ehluke kancane.

Odokotela babheka izinto eziningi lapho bethatha isinqumo sokuthi iyiphi i-beta-blocker ezobekwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• isimo esilashwa
• ingozi yemiphumela emibi
• ezinye izimo onazo
• eminye imithi oyiphuzayo

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-beta-blockers, ngayinye echazwe ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi. Kunjalo:

• ukungakhethi
• inhliziyo
• isizukulwane sesithathu

Ama-beta-blockers angakhethi

Kuvunyelwe kuma-1960s, ama-beta-blockers okuqala ayengakhethi. Ngamanye amagama, basebenze kuwo wonke ama-beta receptors emzimbeni wakho, kufaka phakathi:

• ama-beta-1 receptors (amaseli wenhliziyo nezinso)
• ama-beta-2 receptors (amaphaphu, umthambo wegazi, isisu, isibeletho, izicubu zomzimba nezesibindi)
• ama-beta-3 receptors (amangqamuzana amafutha)

Njengoba lawa ma-beta-blocker angahlukanisi phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-beta receptors, abeka ubungozi obuncane bemiphumela emibi.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu ababhemayo noma abanezimo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-asthma noma isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease (COPD).

Amanye ama-beta-blocker ajwayelekile akhethiwe afaka:

• i-nadolol (Corgard)
• i-oxprenolol (Trasicor)
• i-pindolol (Visken)
• i-propranolol (Inderal, InnoPran XL)
• i-sotalol (Betapace)

Ama-beta-blockers we-Cardioselective

Ama-beta-blocker akamuva aklanyelwe ukukhomba kuphela ama-beta-1 receptors kumaseli enhliziyo. Azithinti amanye ama-beta-2 receptors ngakho-ke ziphephile kubantu abanezimo zamaphaphu.

Amanye ama-beta-blocker avamile we-cardioselective afaka:

• i-acebutolol (Sectral)
• i-atenolol (Tenormin)
• i-bisoprolol (Zebeta)
• i-metoprolol (iLopressor, iTrolrol XL)

I-beta-blockers yesizukulwane sesithathu

Ama-beta-blocker esizukulwane sesithathu anemiphumela eyengeziwe esiza ukuqhubeka nokuxegisa imithambo yegazi nokunciphisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Amanye ama-beta-blockers wesizukulwane sesithathu afaka phakathi:

• i-carvedilol (Coreg)
• i-labetalol (Normodyne)
• i-nebivolol (Bystolic)

Ucwaningo lokusetshenziswa kwe-beta-blockers yesizukulwane sesithathu luyaqhubeka. Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi le mithi ingaba yindlela ephephile kubantu abane-metabolic syndrome.

Isibonelo, ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwezifundo zango-2017, i-nebivolol ingaba yindlela yokwelashwa efanelekile kubantu abanesifo somfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye noshukela okhubazekile (i-glucose) kanye ne-fat metabolism.

Amagundane aphethe ngokuthi i-carvedilol inyuse ukubekezelelana kwe-glucose nokuzwela kwe-insulin. Lezi zombili yizici ezibalulekile zesifo sikashukela. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi ngabe i-carvedilol inemiphumela efanayo yini kubantu.

Iyini imiphumela emibi?

Ama-beta blockers asebenza ngempumelelo, aphephile futhi ayabiza. Ngenxa yalokho, bavame ukuba ngumugqa wokuqala wokwelashwa ezimweni zenhliziyo.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ye-beta-blockers yile:

• Ukukhathala nesiyezi. Ama-beta blockers anciphisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho. Lokhu kungadala izimpawu ezihambisana nomfutho wegazi ophansi (hypotension).
• Ukusakazwa kabi. Inhliziyo yakho ishaya kancane uma uthatha ama-beta-blocker. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi igazi lifinyelele emaphethelweni akho. Ungase ube namakhaza noma ukuhayiza ezandleni nasezinyaweni.
• Izimpawu zamathumbu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukucasuka kwesisu, isicanucanu, nohudo noma ukuqunjelwa. Ukuthatha ama-beta-blocker ngokudla kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zesisu.
• Ukungasebenzi ngokocansi. Abanye abantu babika ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile lapho bethatha ama-beta-blockers. Lokhu kungumphumela ohlangothini ovamile nemithi eyehlisa umfutho wegazi.
• Ukuzuza kwesisindo. Lokhu kungumphumela ohlangothini lwabathile abadala, abangakhethi i-beta-blockers. Odokotela abaqiniseki ukuthi kungani kwenzeka lokhu, kepha kungahle kuhlobene nokuthi i-beta-blockers iyithinta kanjani imetabolism yakho.

Eminye imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ifaka phakathi:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima. Ama-beta-blockers angadala ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha yamaphaphu okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubantu abanezimo zamaphaphu.
• Ushukela ophakeme wegazi (hyperglycemia). Ama-beta-blockers angadala ushukela ophakeme wegazi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.
• Ukudangala, ukuqwasha, namaphupho amabi. Le miphumela emibi ivame kakhulu kuma-beta-blocker amadala, angakhethi.

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha khona manjalo uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi elandelayo ngenkathi uthatha ama-beta-blockers:

• Izimpawu zenkinga yenhliziyo: ukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela okuya kuba nzima ngokuzivocavoca umzimba, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile, imilenze evuvukile noma amaqakala
• Izimpawu zenkinga yamaphaphu: ukuphefumula okuncane, isifuba esiqinile, ukuqhuma
• Izimpawu zenkinga yesibindi: isikhumba esiphuzi (i-jaundice) kanye namhlophe mhlophe wamehlo

Ingabe ama-beta-blocker ahlangana neminye imithi?

Yebo, ama-beta-blockers angaxhumana neminye imithi. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• imithi yokungezwani komzimba
• izinzwa zokubulala izinzwa
• imithi elwa nezilonda
• imishanguzo
• izidakamizwa ezehlisa i-cholesterol (ama-statins)
• ama-decongestants neminye imithi ebandayo
• i-insulin neminye imithi yesifo sikashukela
• imithi ye-asthma ne-COPD
• umuthi wesifo sikaParkinson (levodopa)
• ukuphumula kwemisipha
• izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID), kufaka phakathi ibuprofen
• eminye imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ubuhlungu besifuba, nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• amanye ama-antibiotic, kufaka phakathi i-rifampicin (i-Rifampin)

Kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi nezithasiselo ozithathayo.

Ungaphuza utshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-beta-blockers?

Kungcono ukugwema ukuphuza utshwala uma uthatha ama-beta-blocker.

Kokubili i-beta-blockers notshwala kungehlisa umfutho wegazi. Ukuhlanganisa lezi zinto ezimbili kungadala ukuthi umfutho wegazi lakho wehle ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kungakushiya uzizwe ubuthakathaka, unesiyezi, noma unekhanda elincane. Ungaze uquleke uma usukuma ngokushesha okukhulu.

Vele, le miphumela engemihle incike kuzo zombili isilinganiso sakho esinqunyiwe sama-beta-blocker nokuthi uphuza kangakanani. Yize ingekho inhlanganisela ephephe ngokuphelele, ukuphuza utshwala ngezikhathi ezithile kungaba yingozi encane. Kodwa kungcono uhlole nodokotela wakho kuqala.

Kufanele futhi ukhulume nodokotela wakho uma ukugwema ukuphuza kunzima kuwe. Eminye imithi ingatholakala.

Ngubani ongafanele athathe i-beta-blockers?

Ama-beta-blockers akuwona awawo wonke umuntu. Zingaba yingozi enkulu kubantu abanezimo ezilandelayo:

• isifuba somoya, i-COPD, nezinye izifo zamaphaphu
• isifo sikashukela
• umfutho wegazi ophansi (hypotension) noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane (bradycardia)
• i-metabolic acidosis
• izimo zokujikeleza kwegazi okungathi sína, njengezinto zikaRaynaud
• ukwehluleka okukhulu kwenhliziyo yokucinana
• isifo esibucayi semithambo yegazi

Uma unesinye sezimo zezokwelapha ezibalwe ngenhla, udokotela wakho mhlawumbe uzocubungula ezinye izinketho ngaphambi kokuyalela i-beta-blocker.

Imiphi imininingwane ebalulekile ongabelana ngayo nodokotela wakho?

Ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngempilo yakho nanoma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha kungakusiza ukuthi ugweme imiphumela emibi.

• Yazisa udokotela wakho uma ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, noma ukuncelisa.
• Ukuvimbela ukuxhumana kwezidakamizwa, nikeza udokotela wakho uhlu lwayo yonke imithi nezithako ozithathayo.
• Thembeka ngotshwala bakho, ugwayi nokusebenzisa kwakho izidakamizwa. Lezi zinto zingasebenzisana ne-beta-blockers.

Kuphephile ukuyeka ukusebenzisa i-beta-blockers?

Kuyingozi ukuyeka ukuthatha ama-beta-blocker ngokuzumayo, noma ngabe uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi.

Uma uthatha ama-beta-blocker, umzimba wakho ujwayela ijubane lenhliziyo yakho. Uma uyeka ukuzithatha ngokungazelelwe, ungakhuphula ingozi yokuba nenkinga enkulu yenhliziyo, njengokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi nge-beta-blockers ehlala isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku noma ezimbili. Udokotela wakho angase asikisele olunye uhlobo lomuthi, kodwa kusazodingeka ukuthi uthinte kancane umthamo wakho we-beta-blocker.

Okubalulekile

Ama-beta-blocker asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo zenhliziyo. Njengayo yonke imithi, bathwala ingozi yemiphumela emibi nokuhlangana.

Ngaphambi kokuthatha i-beta-blockers, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izimo zempilo onazo, noma imiphi imithi nezithako ozithathayo, kanye nokusebenzisa kwakho utshwala, ugwayi, kanye nanoma iziphi izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa.

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi ekhathazayo, qiniseka ukuthi ulandela udokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi ususe ngokuphepha ama-beta-blocker bese uphakamisa umuthi ohlukile.