I-Tamponade Yenhliziyo

-Delile

• Yini Ebangela I-Tamponade Yenhliziyo?
• Ziyini Izimpawu Ze-Cardiac Tamponade?
• Ihlolwe Kanjani I-Cardiac Tamponade?
• Iphathwa Kanjani I-Cardiac Tamponade?
• Uyini Umbono Wesikhathi Eside?
• Imithombo ye-athikili

Kuyini i-Cardiac Tamponade?

I-tamponade yenhliziyo yisimo esibucayi sezokwelapha lapho igazi noma uketshezi kugcwalisa isikhala esiphakathi kwesaka esivala inhliziyo kanye nemisipha yenhliziyo. Lokhu kubeka ingcindezi enkulu enhliziyweni yakho. Ingcindezi ivimbela ama-ventricle enhliziyo ukuthi angakhuli ngokugcwele futhi igcina inhliziyo yakho ingasebenzi kahle. Inhliziyo yakho ayikwazi ukumpompa igazi elanele emzimbeni wakho wonke lapho lokhu kwenzeka. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwesitho, ukushaqeka, ngisho nokufa.

I-tamponade yenhliziyo iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Uma wena noma umuntu omaziyo eqala ukuhlangabezana nezimpawu, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yini Ebangela I-Tamponade Yenhliziyo?

I-tamponade ye-Cardiac imvamisa ingumphumela wokungena kwe-pericardium, okuyisaka elincanyana, elibiyelwe ngodonga oluzungeze inhliziyo yakho. Isikhala esizungeze inhliziyo yakho singagcwalisa igazi elanele noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba ukucindezela inhliziyo yakho. Njengoba uketshezi lucindezela enhliziyweni yakho, igazi elingaphansi nelincane lingangena. Igazi elincane elicebile nge-oxygen lifakwa kuwo wonke umzimba wakho ngenxa yalokho. Ukuntuleka kwegazi ukufika enhliziyweni nakuwo wonke umzimba wakho ekugcineni kungadala ukushaqeka, ukwehluleka komzimba nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Izimbangela zokungena kwe-pericardial noma ukuqongelela uketshezi kungafaka:

• ukudutshulwa noma amanxeba okugwazwa
• ukuhlukumezeka okungaqondakali esifubeni kusuka engozini yemoto noma yezimboni
• ukugcotshwa ngengozi ngemuva kwe-catheterization yenhliziyo, i-angiography, noma ukufakwa kwe-pacemaker
• ama-punctures enziwe ngesikhathi sokubekwa kolayini ophakathi nendawo, okuluhlobo lwe-catheter elawula uketshezi noma imishanguzo
• umdlavuza osabalalele esikhwameni se-pericardial, njengomdlavuza webele noma wamaphaphu
• i-aortic aneurysm eqhekekile
• i-pericarditis, ukuvuvukala kwe-pericardium
• I-lupus, isifo esivuthayo lapho amasosha omzimba ahlasela ngephutha izicubu ezinempilo
• amazinga aphezulu emisebe esifubeni
• i-hypothyroidism, eyandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo
• isifo senhliziyo
• ukwehluleka kwezinso
• izifo ezithinta inhliziyo

Ziyini Izimpawu Ze-Cardiac Tamponade?

I-tamponade yenhliziyo inezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukukhathazeka nokungahlaliseki
• umfutho wegazi ophansi
• ubuthakathaka
• Ubuhlungu besifuba buphuma entanyeni yakho, emahlombe, noma emuva
• ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukuphefumula kanzima
• ukuphefumula okusheshayo
• ukungakhululeki okukhululiwe ngokuhlala noma ukuncika phambili
• ukuquleka, isiyezi, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi

Ihlolwe Kanjani I-Cardiac Tamponade?

I-tamponade yenhliziyo ivame ukuba nezimpawu ezintathu udokotela wakho angazibona. Lezi zimpawu zaziwa kakhulu njenge-Beck's triad. Kubandakanya:

• umfutho wegazi ophansi kanye nokushaya ngamandla komzimba okubuthakathaka ngoba ivolumu yegazi inhliziyo yakho edonsa ngayo liyancipha
• imithambo entanyeni enwetshiwe ngoba banenkinga enzima yokubuyisa igazi enhliziyweni yakho
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo okuhlangene nemisindo yenhliziyo engafakwanga ngenxa yolwengezo lokwanda kuketshezi ngaphakathi kwe-pericardium yakho

Udokotela wakho uzoqhubeka nokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesifo senhliziyo. Olunye uvivinyo olunjalo yi-echocardiogram, eyi-ultrasound yenhliziyo yakho. Ingakwazi ukubona ukuthi i-pericardium iphazamisekile nokuthi ama-ventricles awele phansi ngenxa yevolumu yegazi ephansi. Ama-X-ray esifubeni sakho angakhombisa inhliziyo ekhulisiwe, emise okwembulunga uma une-tamponade yenhliziyo. Ezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga zingafaka:

• i-thoracic CT scan ukubheka ukuqongelela uketshezi esifubeni sakho noma izinguquko enhliziyweni yakho
• i-magnetic resonance angiogram ukubona ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani enhliziyweni yakho
• i-electrocardiogram ukuhlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho

Iphathwa Kanjani I-Cardiac Tamponade?

I-tamponade yenhliziyo iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Ukwelashwa kwe-tamponade yenhliziyo kunezinjongo ezimbili. Kufanele ikhulule ingcindezi enhliziyweni yakho bese ilapha isimo esingaphansi kwayo. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kubandakanya udokotela wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uzinzile.

Udokotela wakho uzokhipha uketshezi esikhwameni sakho se-pericardial, ngokuvamile ngenaliti. Le nqubo ibizwa nge- pericardiocentesis. Udokotela wakho angenza inqubo ehlasela kakhulu ebizwa nge-thoracotomy ukukhipha igazi noma ukususa amahlule egazi uma unesilonda esingena ngaphakathi. Bangasusa ingxenye ye-pericardium yakho ukusiza ukukhulula ingcindezi enhliziyweni yakho.

Uzophinde uthole i-oxygen, uketshezi, nemithi yokwengeza umfutho wegazi.

Uma i-tamponade ilawulwa futhi isimo sakho sizinzile, udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuthola imbangela yesimo sakho.

Uyini Umbono Wesikhathi Eside?

Umbono wesikhathi eside uncike ekutheni ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngokushesha kangakanani, imbangela eyinhloko ye-tamponade, nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezilandelayo. Umbono wakho muhle impela uma i-tamponade yenhliziyo itholakala ngokushesha futhi yelashwa.

Umbono wakho wesikhathi eside uncike kakhulu ekutheni uthola kanjani ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi unalesi simo.

Imithombo ye-athikili

• UMarkiewicz, W., et al. (1986, Juni). I-tamponade yenhliziyo ezigulini zezokwelapha: ukwelashwa nokubikezela esikhathini se-echocardiographic.
• UPericardiocentesis. (2014, Disemba). http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/treatments-and-procedures/pericardiocentesis
• URistić, A. R., et al. (2014, Julayi 7). Isu lokulawula ukuphathwa okuphuthumayo kwe-tamponade yenhliziyo: Isitatimende sesikhundla se-European Society of Cardiology Working Group ku-Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/06/20/eurheartj.ehu217.full
• USpodick, D. H. (2003, Agasti 14). I-tamponade enamandla yenhliziyo. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra022643