Ama-stem cells: ayini, izinhlobo nokuthi kungani kufanele agcinwe

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zama-stem cells
• Kwenziwa kanjani ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell
• Kungani ugcina ama-stem cells?
• Izinzuzo zokugcina ama-stem cells

Ama-stem cells angamaseli angazange enzelwe ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli futhi anamandla okuzivuselela futhi aqhamuke nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaseli, okuholela kumaseli akhethekile abhekele ukwakha izicubu ezahlukahlukene zomzimba.

Ngenxa yomthamo wokuzivuselela nokuzikhethela, amaseli we-stem angasetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo ezahlukahlukene, njenge-myelofibrosis, thalassemia kanye ne-sickle cell anemia, ngokwesibonelo.

Izinhlobo zama-stem cells

Amaseli esiqu angahlukaniswa abe yizinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Amaseli ama-embryonic stemZakhiwa ekuqaleni kokukhula kombungu futhi zinamandla amakhulu wokwehlukanisa, zikwazi ukuveza noma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwamaseli akhethekile;
2. Amaseli we-stem angenayo imibungu noma yabantu abadala: Lawa ngamangqamuzana angakaze enze inqubo yokuhlukanisa futhi anesibopho sokuvuselela zonke izicubu emzimbeni. Lolu hlobo lweseli lungatholakala noma kuphi emzimbeni, kepha ikakhulukazi enkabeni nasenkolweni yethambo. Amaseli ama-stem amakhulu angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu amabili: amaseli we-hematopoietic stem, anesibopho sokukhulisa amangqamuzana egazi, namaseli e-mesenchymal, aveza uqwanga, imisipha kanye nemisipha, ngokwesibonelo.

Ngaphezu kwamaseli ama-embryonic nawabantu abadala, kukhona nama-stem cells akhiqizwayo, okuyilawo akhiqizwa elabhoratri futhi akwazi ukwahluka abe yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaseli.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell

Ama-stem cell akhona ngokwemvelo emzimbeni futhi ayadingeka ekukhiqizeni amangqamuzana amasha nokuvuselelwa kwezicubu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingasetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo ezahlukahlukene, okuyizona eziyinhloko:

• Isifo sikaHodgkin, i-myelofibrosis noma ezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia;
• I-beta thalassemia;
• I-sickle cell anemia;
• Isifo sikaKrabbe, isifo sikaGünther noma isifo seGaucher, okuyizifo ezihlobene nokwakheka komzimba;
• Ukuntuleka kokuzivikela komzimba okufana ne-Chronic Granulomatous Disease;
• Ukushoda okuhlobene nentambo yomgogodla njengezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia, neutropenia noma i-Evans syndrome;
• Osteopetrosis.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ama-stem cells anamandla okusetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo ezingakatholi ukwelashwa noma izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza ngempumelelo, njenge-Alzheimer's, i-Parkinson's, i-Cerebral Palsy, i-AIDS, i-Rheumatoid Arthritis nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. kwenziwa ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell.

Kungani ugcina ama-stem cells?

Ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi isetshenziswe ekwelapheni izifo ezahlukahlukene, ama-stem cell angaqoqwa futhi agcinwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu ukuze asetshenziswe yingane noma umndeni lapho kudingeka.

Inqubo yokuqoqa nokugcina ama-stem cell ibizwa ngokuthi yi-cryopreservation futhi isifiso sokuqoqa nokugcina lawa maseli kumele saziswe ngaphambi kokulethwa. Ngemuva kokubeletha, amangqamuzana omzimba wengane angatholakala egazini, enkabeni noma emnkantsheni wethambo. Ngemuva kokuqoqwa, ama-stem cell agcinwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, awavumela ukuthi atholakale nganoma yisiphi isikhathi cishe iminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-25.

Amaseli we-cryopreserved ngokuvamile agcinwa kumalabhorethri akhethekile nge-histocompatibility and cryopreservation, okuvame ukuhlinzeka ngezinhlelo ezikhokhelwayo zokugcina amaseli iminyaka engu-25, noma ebhange lomphakathi ngohlelo lweBrasilCord Network, lapho amaseli anikelwa khona emphakathini, futhi esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezifo noma ucwaningo.

Izinzuzo zokugcina ama-stem cells

Ukugcina amaseli omzimba wezintambo zengane yakho kungaba wusizo ekwelapheni izifo ingane noma umndeni wayo ongaba nazo. Ngakho-ke, izinzuzo zokwehlukaniswa phakathi zifaka:

1. Vikela ingane nomndeni: uma kungenzeka kube khona isidingo sokufakelwa kwalawa maseli, ukulondolozwa kwawo kunciphisa amathuba okwenqatshwa kwengane, futhi kungenzeka nokuthi angasetshenziswa ukwelapha noma yiliphi ilunga lomndeni eliqondile elingalidinga, njenge umfowenu noma umzala wakho, isibonelo.
2. Inika amandla ukutholakala kwamaseli ngokushesha ukufakelwa uma kunesidingo;
3. Indlela elula futhi engenabuhlungu yokuqoqa, kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokubeletha futhi akubangeli ubuhlungu kunina noma enganeni.

Amaseli afanayo angatholakala ngomnkantsha wethambo, kepha amathuba okuthola umnikeli ohambisanayo mancane, ngaphezu kwenqubo yokuqoqa amaseli, kunengozi, edinga ukuhlinzwa.

Ukwehlukaniswa kwamaseli ama-stem ngesikhathi sokubeletha kuyisevisi engabiza kakhulu futhi isinqumo sokusebenzisa le nsizakalo noma cha kufanele kuxoxwe ngaso nodokotela, ukuze abazali bakamuva benze isinqumo esihle kakhulu ngomntwana wabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-stem cells awasebenzeli nje kuphela ukwelapha izifo ezizayo ingane engaba nazo, kepha futhi angasebenza ekwelapheni izifo zamalungu omndeni aqondile, njengomfowenu, ubaba noma umzala.